scholarly journals Transfer of serine into polypeptides and myosin by chromatographic species of seryl-transfer ribonucleic acid

1975 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Nwagwu
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Amino Acid Incorporation ◽  
Acid Incorporation

The efficiencies of two chromatographic species of [3-H]seryl-tRNA, namely peaks I and II, in cell-free amino acid incorporation were investigated. The maximum yield of polypeptide seems to be the same for the reaction mixtures containing either peak I or peak II, suggesting that the efficiency of both peaks in total protein synthesis is the same. The efficiency of transfer of serine into myosin heavy subunit (myosin H) by peaks I and II was also investigated. Peak II of [3-H]seryl-tRNA transfers three times as much serine into myosin H as peak I.

scholarly journals PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN ISOLATED CELL NUCLEI

1957 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. G. Allfrey ◽  
A. E. Mirsky ◽  
Syozo Osawa
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Orotic Acid ◽  
Nuclear Protein ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Amino Acid Incorporation ◽  
Acid Incorporation ◽  
Thymus Tissue

1. Nuclei prepared from calf thymus tissue in a sucrose medium actively incorporate labelled amino acids into their proteins. This is an aerobic process which is dependent on nuclear oxidative phosphorylation. 2. Evidence is presented to show that the uptake of amino acids represents nuclear protein synthesis. 3. The deoxyribonucleic acid of the nucleus plays a role in amino acid incorporation. Protein synthesis virtually ceases when the DNA is removed from the nucleus, and uptake resumes when the DNA is restored. 4. In the essential mechanism of amino acid incorporation, the role of the DNA can be filled by denatured or partially degraded DNA, by DNAs from other tissues, and even by RNA. Purine and pyrimidine bases, monoribonucleotides, and certain dinucleotides are unable to substitute for DNA in this system. 5. When the proteins of the nucleus are fractionated and classified according to their specific activities, one finds the histones to be relatively inert. The protein fraction most closely associated with the DNA has a very high activity. A readily extractable ribonucleoprotein complex is also extremely active, and it is tempting to speculate that this may be an intermediary in nucleocytoplasmic interaction. 6. The isolated nucleus can incorporate glycine into nucleic acid purines, and orotic acid into the pyrimidines of its RNA. Orotic acid uptake into nuclear RNA requires the presence of the DNA. 7. The synthesis of ribonucleic acid can be inhibited at any time by a benzimidazole riboside (DRB) (which also retards influenza virus multiplication (11)). 8. The incorporation of amino acids into nuclear proteins seems to require a preliminary activation of the nucleus. This can be inhibited by the same benzimidazole derivative (DRB) which interferes with RNA synthesis, provided that the inhibitor is present at the outset of the incubation. DRB added 30 minutes later has no effect on nuclear protein synthesis. These results suggest that the activation of the nucleus so that it actively incorporates amino acids into its proteins requires a preliminary synthesis of ribonucleic acid. 9. Together with earlier observations (27, 28) on the incorporation of amino acids by cytoplasmic particulates, these results show that protein synthesis can occur in both nucleus and cytoplasm.

2'-O-methyl polynucleotides as templates for cell-free amino acid incorporation

Biochemistry ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2581-2587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz Rottman ◽  
Brian E. Dunlap ◽  
Karen H. Friderici
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Amino Acid Incorporation ◽  
Acid Incorporation

scholarly journals Nuclear binding of oestradiol-17β and induction of protein synthesis in the rat uterus during postnatal development

1973 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia Sömjen ◽  
G. Sömjen ◽  
R. J. B. King ◽  
A. M. Kaye ◽  
H. R. Lindner
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Nuclear Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Incorporation ◽  
Rat Uterus ◽  
Nuclear Binding ◽  
Acid Incorporation ◽  
Old Rats

1. The uterine response to a single injection of oestradiol-17β during postnatal development of the rat was studied with respect to (i) nuclear binding of oestradiol-17β; (ii) induction of the synthesis of a specific cytoplasmic protein (‘induced protein’ of Gorski); (iii) rate of incorporation of 3H-labelled amino acids into total protein and into nuclear acid-soluble and acid-insoluble protein; and (iv) rate of [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA. 2. Specific nuclear binding of oestradiol-17β could be demonstrated even at birth. Administration of oestradiol-17β in vivo caused a significant increase in the number of nuclear binding sites in rats aged 10 days or older. 3. A rapid method is described for the detection of the ‘induced protein’, based on cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Induction of this protein could be demonstrated at the age of 10, 15 and 20 days, but not in 5-day-old rats. 4. In 20-day-old rats the rate of 3H-labelled amino acid incorporation into protein increased by 3h after oestradiol administration. Incorporation into the different protein fractions reached peak values asynchronously: at 3–4h for acid-insoluble nuclear protein, at 6h for total protein and at about 12h for acid-soluble protein. 5. Treatment with oestradiol failed to stimulate amino acid incorporation into protein in 5- or 10-day-old rats; at the age of 15 to 30 days the hormone caused a significant increase in incorporation into total protein and into both types of nuclear protein. 6. Since the capacity for nuclear binding of oestradiol and for synthesis of the induced protein is demonstrable in the rat uterus before it acquires the ability to respond to the hormone with enhanced general protein synthesis and DNA synthesis, it appears that nuclear binding and the synthesis of the induced protein may be necessary but not sufficient conditions for the trophic action of oestradiol.

scholarly journals The Involvement of Soluble Ribonucleic Acid in Amino Acid Incorporation by a Maize System

1964 ◽  
Vol 239 (6) ◽  
pp. 1762-1768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rusty J. Mans ◽  
Caridad Maria Purcell ◽  
G. David Novelli
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Incorporation ◽  
Acid Incorporation
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