scholarly journals The use of sodium perchlorate in deproteinization during the preparation of nucleic acids

1973 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Wilcockson
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Sodium Perchlorate ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
High Concentrations

Sodium perchlorate in high concentrations will remove from solution the detergent sodium dodecyl sulphate and protein complexed with it. This and the failure of proteins to be precipitated by ethanol from solutions containing a high concentration of sodium perchlorate can be utilized as efficient, rapid and simple deproteinization procedures during the preparation of nucleic acids.

scholarly journals Use of immuno-blot techniques to discriminate between the glutathione S-transferase Yf, Yk, Ya, Yn/Yb and Yc subunits and to study their distribution in extrahepatic tissues. Evidence for three immunochemically distinct groups of transferase in the rat

1986 ◽  
Vol 233 (3) ◽  
pp. 779-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
J D Hayes ◽  
T J Mantle
Keyword(s):  
Affinity Chromatography ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Glutathione S Transferases ◽  
Extrahepatic Tissues ◽  
High Concentrations

The glutathione S-transferases are dimeric enzymes whose subunits can be defined by their mobility during sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis as Yf (Mr 24,500), Yk (Mr 25,000), Ya (Mr 25,500), Yn (Mr 26,500), Yb1 (Mr 27,000), Yb2 (Mr 27,000) and Yc (Mr 28,500) [Hayes (1986) Biochem. J. 233, 789-798]. Antisera were raised against each of these subunits and their specificities assessed by immuno-blotting. The transferases in extrahepatic tissues were purified by using, sequentially, S-hexylglutathione and glutathione affinity chromatography. Immune-blotting was employed to identify individual transferase polypeptides in the enzyme pools from various organs. The immuno-blots showed marked tissue-specific expression of transferase subunits. In contrast with other subunits, the Yk subunit showed poor affinity for S-hexylglutathione-Sepharose 6B in all tissues examined, and subsequent use of glutathione and glutathione affinity chromatography. Immuno-blotting was employed to identify a new cytosolic polypeptide, or polypeptides, immunochemically related to the Yk subunit but with an electrophoretic mobility similar to that of the Yc subunit; high concentrations of the new polypeptide(s) are present in colon, an organ that lacks Yc.

Transfer of hydrophobic contaminants in urban runoff particles to benthic organisms estimated by an in vitro bioaccessibility test

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Nakajima ◽  
K. Saito ◽  
Y. Isozaki ◽  
H. Furumai ◽  
A.M. Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Bioaccessibility ◽  
High Concentrations

An in vitro bioaccessibility test was applied for assessing the transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in road dust, into benthic organisms living in a receiving water body. The road dust is supposed to be urban runoff particles under wet weather conditions. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution was used as a hypothetical gut fluid. Pyrene, fluoranthene and phenanthrene were the main PAH species in the SDS extractable fraction of road dust, as well as the whole extract. Benzo(ghi)perylene showed relatively low concentrations in the SDS extract in spite of a high concentration in the original dust. The PAH composition in benthic organisms (polychaetes) did not correspond with that of the surrounding sediment and the PAHs detected were also detected in high concentrations in the SDS extract of road dust. When testing the toxicity of the extracted contaminants by a standardised algal toxicity test, SDS extracts of a detention pond sediment showed higher toxicity than the pore water of the corresponding sediment. Sediment suspension showed a comparative toxicity with 0.1% SDS extract. From the results, the in vitro bioaccessibility test seems more suitable to evaluate the exposed contaminants than the traditional organic solvent extraction method and the SDS extracted fraction is applicable to toxicity tests reflecting the digestive process.

scholarly journals Wheat-germ aspartate transcarbamoylase. The effect of ligands on the inactivation of the enzyme by trypsin and denaturing agents

1973 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Yon
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Aspartate Transcarbamoylase ◽  
Carbamoyl Phosphate ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Very High ◽  
Resistant State

In the absence of added ligands aspartate transcarbamoylase (EC 2.1.3.2) from wheat germ is inactivated fairly rapidly by trypsin, by heat (60°C), by highly alkaline conditions (pH11.3) and by sodium dodecyl sulphate. Addition of UMP alone, at low concentrations, decreases the rate of inactivation by each of these agents significantly. Carbamoyl phosphate alone does not alter the rate of inactivation by trypsin and by the detergent, but it antagonizes the effect of UMP in protecting the enzyme against these agents. These results have been interpreted to mean that two conformational states are reversibly accessible to the enzyme, namely an easily inactivated state favoured in the presence of carbamoyl phosphate and a more resistant state favoured in the presence of UMP. In the absence of ligands the enzyme is in the easily inactivated conformation. At very high concentrations l-aspartate also protects the enzyme but to a smaller extent than UMP. Some implications of these results are discussed.

scholarly journals Characteristics of a copper-dependent cross-linking reaction between two forms of cytochrome P-450 in rabbit-liver microsomal membranes

1980 ◽  
Vol 187 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
P R McIntosh ◽  
R B Freedman
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Sodium Deoxycholate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Thiol Compounds ◽  
Microsomal Membranes ◽  
The Cross ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

1. In liver microsomal membranes from adult rabbits treated with beta-naphthoflavone, reaction with Cu2+ salts plus 1,10-phenanthroline leads to the cross-linking of the two specifically beta-naphthoflavone-inducible cytochrome P-450 species, form 4 and form 6, to form homo- and hetero-dimer species. 2. The cross-linking is not reversed by treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol, so that it can be observed conveniently and specifically on conventional reducing sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gels. 3. The reaction occurs rapidly, and significant cross-linking is observed after 30s at all temperatures from −10 to 40 degrees C. 4. The cross-linking can be brought about by Cu2+ alone at concentrations greater than 0.5 mM, but not by 1,10-phenanthroline alone; at low Cu2+ concentrations, 1,10-phenanthroline enhances the cross-linking reaction, but high concentrations of 1,10-phenanthroline are inhibitory; the optimal molar ratio of Cu2+ to 1,10-phenanthroline is 4:1.5. The effect of Cu2+ is not mimicked by Mn2+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+ or Ag+; Cu+ is probably also ineffective. 6. The cross-linking reaction is inhibited by the prior addition of high concentrations of EDTA or thiol compounds, by sodium dodecyl sulphate at greater than or equal to 0.1% and by sodium deoxycholate and non-ionic detergents at greater than or equal to 1%; the reaction cannot be reversed by incubation with EDTA or with thiol compounds after reaction with cupric phenanthroline; the cross-linking reaction is not inhibited by prior treatment of microsomal membranes with N-ethylmaleimide. 7. The chemical nature of the cross-linking reaction is unknown, but it is most unlikely that it involves the formation of intermolecular disulphide bonds. 8. The great specificity of the reaction makes it a promising tool for the study of molecular interactions between cytochrome P-450 species in intact microsomal membranes.

scholarly journals Phosphate Adsorption from Aqueous Solution Using Electrospun Cellulose Acetate Nanofiber Membrane Modified with Graphene Oxide/Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 546
Author(s):  
Nur Ain Atiqah Mohd Amin ◽  
Mohd Akmali Mokhter ◽  
Nurrulhidayah Salamun ◽  
Wan M. Asyraf Wan Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Phosphate Adsorption ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Adsorption Model ◽  
High Concentration

Eutrophication and water pollution caused by a high concentration of phosphate are two concerning issues that affect water quality worldwide. A novel cellulose-based adsorbent, cellulose acetate/graphene oxide/sodium dodecyl sulphate (CA/GO/SDS), was developed for water treatment. A 13% CA solution in a mixture of acetone:dimethylacetamide (2:1) has been electrospun and complexed with a GO/SDS solution. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) showed that the CA membrane was pure white, while the CA/GO/SDS membrane was not as white as CA and its colour became darker as the GO content increased. The process of phosphate removal from the solutions was found to be aided by the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the CA modified with GO/SDS, as shown by infrared spectroscopy. An optimization condition for the adsorption process was studied by varying pH, immersion time, and the mass of the membrane. The experimental results from phosphate adsorption showed that CA/GO/SDS had an excellent pH adaptability, with an optimum pH of 7, and maximum removal (>87.0%) was observed with a membrane mass of 0.05 g at an initial concentration of 25 mg L−1. A kinetic study revealed that 180 min of contact time could adsorb about 87.2% of phosphate onto the CA/GO/SDS membrane. A typical pseudo-second-order kinetic model successfully portrayed the kinetic sorption of phosphate, and the adsorption equilibrium data were well-correlated with the Langmuir adsorption model, suggesting the monolayer coverage of adsorbed molecules.

scholarly journals The influence of the solvent on the formation of micelles in colloidal electrolytes. I. Electrical conductivities of sodium dodecyl sulphate in ethyl alcohol-water mixtures

1940 ◽  
Vol 176 (966) ◽  
pp. 412-427 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Interfacial Energy ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Micelle Formation ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Alcohol Water ◽  
High Concentrations

In very dilute solutions in water sodium dodecyl sulphate behaves as a completely dissociated electrolyte. Above a concentration c = 0.00722 N the equivalent conductance ( Λ ) falls sharply and micelles are formed. To throw light on the mechanism of micelle formation, the variation of Λ with c has been measured in a series of mixtures of water and ethyl alcohol. The curves for Λ against √c show a gradual transition from the type associated with micelle formation to a uniform curve characteristic of strong electrolytes. Addition of alcohol decreases the tendency to form micelles. When there is 40% or more by weight of alcohol, micelles are no longer formed. The critical concentration first falls on addition of alcohol and then rises again. The effects of alcohol addition can be interpreted satisfactorily by considering the radius of the micelle to be equal to the length of the paraffin chain and thus to be independent of the concentration and nature of the solvent. The energy changes involved in micelle formation are calculated. Aggregation can occur if the interfacial energy available from the destruction of the paraffin-solvent interfaces of the ions is greater than the work to be done against electrical repulsion. The interfacial energy is no longer the greater beyond 40% of alcohol. It is shown that alcohol molecules are not in solution in the paraffin interior of the micelles in the mixed solvents, but are strongly adsorbed on the micelle surfaces. The influence of regions of lowered dielectric constant around the micelles is considered. This is more important at high concentrations. The final fall in Λ with highly supersaturated solutions is attributed to the increased viscosity of the solution.

scholarly journals Selective precipitation of ribonucleic acid from a mixture of total cellular nucleic acids extracted from cultured mammalian cells

1971 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Pulse Labelling ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Selective Precipitation ◽  
Reproducible Method ◽  
Rna And Dna

A simple and reproducible method is described for precipitating RNA selectively from total mammalian-cell nucleic acids extracted by the phenol–sodium dodecyl sulphate procedure at pH8.0. Under specified conditions bulk RNA is precipitated almost quantitatively whereas bulk DNA remains in solution. Minor components of RNA (detected by pulse-labelling and chromatography on methylated albumin–kieselguhr) and rapidly labelled components of DNA containing single-stranded regions are also precipitated. The usefulness of the method is discussed in the context of isolating separately both RNA and DNA from cultured cells that are difficult to obtain in quantity.

Identifikasi Daging Tikus Pada Produk Baso Dengan Metode Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 058
Author(s):  
Anna P. Roswiem ◽  
Triayu Septiani
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Sds Page

<em>Bahan<strong> </strong>baku untuk membuat baso adalah daging hewan, pada umumnya dari daging sapi, ayam, ikan dan babi. Di beberapa daerah di Indonesia terjadi kasus baso tikus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji ada tidaknya kandungan daging tikus pada produk baso yang dijual di pasar Cempaka Putih-Kecamatan Kramat Jakarta Pusat dan di pedagang baso atau mie baso di sekitar kampus Universitas YARSI Jakarta. Daging adalah protein salah satu metode untuk mengidentifikasi protein adalah metode Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).<strong> </strong>Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 6 sampel baso terindikasi ada 2 sampel baso dengan nomor 1 dan 5 yang dibuat dari campuran daging sapi dan tikus; ada 1 sampel baso dengan nomor 6 yang terbuat dari daging tikus; dan 2 sampel baso dengan nomor 2 dan 3 yang terbuat dari campuran sapi  dan babi, dan hanya 1 sampel baso dengan nomor sampel 4 yang benar-benar terbuat dari daging sapi.</em>

The Toxicity of Castor Beans and its Treatment with Doxycycline in Local Rabbits

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nael Mohammed Sarheed ◽  
Osamah Faisal Kokas ◽  
Doaa Abd Alabas Muhammed Ridh
Keyword(s):  
Castor Bean ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Doxycycline Treatment ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Physiological Tests ◽  
Animal House ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The plant of castor is widely spread in the Iraqi land, and characterized with containing ricin toxin, which has a very serious effects, and because the seeds of this plant scattered in the agricultural soil and rivers water, which increases the exposure of humans and animals to these beans. Objective: This experiment was designed to study the effect of high concentration of castor bean powder in some physiological and biochemical parameters and changes in some tissues of the body, as well as trying to use doxycycline to reduce the effects of ingestion of these seeds. Materials and Methods: In the experiment, 24 local rabbits were raised and fed in the Animal House of the Faculty of Medicine / Al-Muthanna University, then divided into four groups and treated for three weeks (21 days), Control group: treated with normal saline solution (0.9) orally throughout the experiment, G1: was treated orally with a concentration of 25 mg / kg of castor bean powder daily during the experiment, G2 : orally treated 25 mg / kg of castor bean and 25 mg / kg of doxycycline, G3: orally treated 25 mg / kg of castor powder with 50 mg / kg of doxycycline daily throughout the trial period. Results: The results of the experiment showed significant changes (P less than 0.05) in all physiological and biochemical blood tests when compared with control group. There was a significant decrease in PCV, Hb, RBC, T.protein and body weights, while demonstrated a significant increase in WBC, Urea, Creatinine, ALT, AST and ALP, with distortions in liver and kidney of animals that treated with Castor beans. In contrast, the treatment with doxycycline and caster beans showed significant improvement reflected by a normal proportion in physiological tests and biochemical tests with improvement in the tissues when compared to control group. Conclusions: It can be concluded from this study that castor bean has high toxic and pathogenic effects that may be dangerous to the life of the organism. Therefore, it is advisable to be cautious of these pills and avoid exposure to them, also recommended to take high concentrations of doxycycline treatment when infected with castor bean poisoning.

The Effects of Shock Vancomycin Concentrations on the Formation of Heteroresistance in Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
V. V. Gostev ◽  
Yu. V. Sopova ◽  
O. S. Kalinogorskaya ◽  
M. E. Velizhanina ◽  
I. V. Lazareva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Selection Of Resistance ◽  
Test Cultures

Glycopeptides are the basis of the treatment of infections caused by MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Previously, it was demonstrated that antibiotic tolerant phenotypes are formed during selection of resistance under the influence of high concentrations of antibiotics. The present study uses a similar in vitro selection model with vancomycin. Clinical isolates of MRSA belonging to genetic lines ST8 and ST239, as well as the MSSA (ATCC29213) strain, were included in the experiment. Test isolates were incubated for five hours in a medium with a high concentration of vancomycin (50 μg/ml). Test cultures were grown on the medium without antibiotic for 18 hours after each exposure. A total of ten exposure cycles were performed. Vancomycin was characterized by bacteriostatic action; the proportion of surviving cells after exposure was 70–100%. After selection, there was a slight increase in the MIC to vancomycin (MIC 2 μg/ml), teicoplanin (MIC 1.5–3 μg/ml) and daptomycin (MIC 0.25–2 μg/ml). According to the results of PAP analysis, all strains showed an increase in the area under curve depending on the concentration of vancomycin after selection, while a heteroresistant phenotype (with PAP/AUC 0.9) was detected in three isolates. All isolates showed walK mutations (T188S, D235N, E261V, V380I, and G223D). Exposure to short-term shock concentrations of vancomycin promotes the formation of heteroresistance in both MRSA and MSSA. Formation of VISA phenotypes is possible during therapy with vancomycin.

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