scholarly journals Amino acid absorption by mouse ascites-tumour cells depleted of both endogenous amino acids and adenosine triphosphate

1973 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Morville ◽  
M. Reid ◽  
A. A. Eddy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Tumour Cells ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Endogenous Amino Acids ◽  
Ion Gradient ◽  
Mouse Ascites ◽  
Na Ions ◽  
Respective Concentration

1. Despite the depletion of both their content of exchangeable endogenous amino acids and reserves of ATP, starved hypo-osmotically shocked preparations of the tumour cells accumulated relatively large amounts of 14C-labelled 2-aminoisobutyrate, l-alanine, glycine, l-leucine, l-methionine, l-phenylalanine and l-serine, against their respective concentration gradients, by a process apparently driven by the spontaneous flow of Na+ ions into the cellular phase. Dependent on (a) which compound was used, (b) its concentration and (c) the direction of the Na+ ion gradient, the peak value of the ratio of the cellular to extracellular amino acid concentration varied from about 0.4 to 7. 2. The extent to which ATP increased the ratio was defined for l-methionine. 3. Chemical analysis of the cellular amino acid content showed that this increased in parallel with the absorption of 14C. 4. The accumulation of l-methionine and of glycine, against their own concentration gradients, continued in the presence of either 0.3mm-ouabain or 10μg of oligomycin/ml. Thus the sodium pump was probably not involved in the process when ATP was lacking. 5. l-Leucine caused 0.72±0.12 (s.e.m.; 6) extra equivalents of Na+ to enter the shocked starved tumour cells in parallel with the uptake of leucine itself. Only a small loss of K+ was induced. 6. The influx and efflux of l-methionine in preparations depleted of ATP were both markedly accelerated by the presence of Na+ ions. 7. The observations provide further examples of the application of the ion-gradient hypothesis, according to which Na+ ions act as co-substrates of the amino acid pump. The quantitative importance of parallel Na+-independent systems was studied with a new mathematical model.

scholarly journals Ionophore-mediated coupling between ion fluxes and amino acid absorption in mouse ascites-tumour cells. Restoration of the physiological gradients of methionine by valinomycin in the absence of adenosine triphosphate

1974 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Reid ◽  
L. E. Gibb ◽  
A. A. Eddy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sodium Pump ◽  
Tumour Cells ◽  
Ascites Tumour ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Methionine Concentration ◽  
Mouse Ascites ◽  
Na Ions ◽  
Physiological Gradients ◽  
Ascites Tumour Cells

1. Preparations of mouse ascites-tumour cells depleted of ATP and Na+ ions accumulated l-methionine, in the presence of cyanide and deoxyglucose, from a 1mm solution containing 80mequiv. of Na+/l and about 5mequiv. of K+/l. Valinomycin increased, from about 4 to 16, the maximum value of the ratio of the cellular to extracellular concentrations of methionine formed under these conditions without markedly affecting the distributions of Na+ and of K+. Similar observations were made with 2-aminoisobutyrate, glycine and l-leucine. Increasing the extracellular concentration of K+ progressively decreased the accumulation of methionine in the presence of valinomycin. Over the physiological range of ionic gradients, the system behaved as though the absorption of methionine with Na+ was closely coupled to the electrogenic efflux of K+ through the ionophore. The process was insensitive to ouabain and so the sodium pump was probably not involved. 2. The amount of methionine accumulated during energy metabolism was similar to the optimal accumulation in the presence of valinomycin when ATP was lacking. It was also similarly affected by increasing the methionine concentration. 3. A mixture of nigericin and tetrachlorosalicylanilide mimicked the action of valinomycin. The anilide derivative inhibited the absorption of 2-aminoisobutyrate in the presence of valinomycin, but not in its absence. 4. Gramicidin inhibited methionine absorption and caused the preparations to absorb Na+ and lose K+. 5. The observations appear to verify the principle underlying the gradient hypothesis by showing that the tumour cells can efficiently couple the electrochemical gradient of Na+ to the amino acid gradient.

scholarly journals The accumulation of amino acids by mouse ascites-tumour cells. Dependence on but lack of equilibrium with the sodium-ion electrochemical gradient

1981 ◽  
Vol 194 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Hacking ◽  
A A Eddy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Rate Coefficient ◽  
Tumour Cells ◽  
Cellular Respiration ◽  
Mouse Ascites ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Leak Pathway ◽  
Ascites Tumour Cells

1. The fluorescent dye 3,3′-dipropyloxadicarbocyanine was used to show that the tumour cells absorbed 2-aminoisobutyrate, glycine, L-leucine and L-isoleucine and certain other amino acids electrogenically. The Km values with respect to amino acid concentration ([A]o), obtained from the fluorescence assays, varied through the above series from 0.8 to 26 mM, with Vmax. fairly constant. 2. Similar Km values described the uptake of the 14C-labelled amino acids in five instances where this was measured. 3. Each amino acid lowered the membrane potential (E) by 10-20 mV when its cellular concentration ([A]i) had reached a steady value and [A]o was 10mM. In these experiments energy metabolism was maintained by glycolysis, 2,4-dinitrophenol was present and cellular respiration was inhibited. The corresponding net flow of amino acid through the Na+ symport was deduced by making use of the fact that the depolarization an amino acid initially caused was roughly proportional to the net influx of amino acid itself. 4. The steady-state depolarization was attributed to the presence of a leak pathway for the amino acid with a rate coefficient PA. As assayed in the absence of Na+, PA was about 5-fold larger for isoleucine than for glycine. 5. Direct estimates of Vmax./PA were similar to those inferred from the extent of depolarization in the steady state and [A]i. 6. A mathematical model was used to predict [A]i/[A]o in term of the measured values of [Na]o, [Na]i, E, Km and Vmax./PA. The predicted and observed values agreed fairly well when [A]o was 1 mM or 10 mM. 7. [A]i/[A]o varied from about 2.5 for 10 mM-isoleucine to 30 for 1 mM-2-aminoisobutyrate when delta microNa, expressed as a ratio, was ostensibly in the range 19-43. 8. The concentration of 2-aminoisobutyrate from a 0.1 mM solution in the presence or absence of ouabain was consistent with the model, whereas the concentration of isoleucine from a 0.1 mM solution exceeded the predicted values 2-5-fold. 9. The tumour cells concentrated 2-amino-bicyclo[2,2,1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid by a non-electrogenic mechanism, with which isoleucine may also interact.

scholarly journals The effects of varying the cellular and extracellular concentrations of sodium and potassium ions on the uptake of glycine by mouse ascites-tumour cells in the presence and absence of sodium cyanide

1968 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
A A Eddy
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Cyanide ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Tumour Cells ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Spontaneous Movements ◽  
Mouse Ascites ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Ascites Tumour Cells ◽  
Respective Concentration

1. Tumour cells were starved to deplete them of ATP and transferred to 0·9mm-glycine in Ringer solutions containing 2mm-sodium cyanide and various Na+ and K+ concentrations. The uptake of glycine then usually reached a peak by about 10min. 2. When cellular [Na+] and extracellular [Na+] were each about 30m-equiv./l., the maximum amount of glycine absorbed increased between 1·2- and 3·0-fold on lowering extracellular [K+] from 128 to 10m-equiv./l. 3. When extracellular [Na+] was 150m-equiv./l., the ratio, R, of the cellular to extracellular glycine concentrations increased progressively, from near 1 to about 9, when cellular [Na+] was lowered from 120 to 40m-equiv./l. 4. When cellular [Na+] was almost constant, either at 45 or 70m-equiv./l., R fell about 14-fold when extracellular [Na+] varied from 150 to 16m-equiv./l. 5. Values of R near 0·2 were found when cellular [Na+] was about four times as large as extracellular [Na+]. 6. R fell about threefold when the cells were put with 12mm- instead of 0·9mm-glycine. 7. The results were taken to imply that, under these conditions, the spontaneous movements of both Na+ and K+ across the cell membrane, down their respective concentration gradients, served to concentrate the glycine in the tumour cells (Christensen's hypothesis).

Screening of amino acid constituents from date palm fruits

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4972
Author(s):  
Lata Birlangi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Palm Fruits ◽  
Social Part

The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of mankind’s oldest cultivated plants. The fruit of the date palm is an important crop of the hot arid and semi-arid regions of the world. It has always played a genuine economic and social part in the lives of the people of these areas. The present objective in examining the amino acid content of different varieties of date palm fruits from Middle-East region; is to determine whether its protein could effectively supplement the nutritional value and it is also aimed in finding which variety is rich in number of amino acids. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of eight essential amino acids and five non-essential amino acids in the date fruits. Among all the date fruit varieties taken as samples for the study, Dabbas cultivar of United Arab Emirates found to exhibit eight types of amino acids which includes five as non-essential ones. Total of thirteen amino acids were detected in the seven date cultivars. Determination of amino acid can serve as a guide to the possible nutritional value.

scholarly journals Putative imbalanced amino acid metabolism in rainbow trout long term fed a plant-based diet as revealed by 1H-NMR metabolomics

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Deborde ◽  
Blandine Madji Hounoum ◽  
Annick Moing ◽  
Mickaël Maucourt ◽  
Daniel Jacob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Metabolomic Analysis ◽  
Nmr Metabolomics ◽  
H Nmr

Abstract The long-term effect of a plant (P)-based diet was assessed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) metabolomics in rainbow trout fed a marine fish meal (FM)–fish oil (FO) diet (M), a P-based diet and a control commercial-like diet (C) starting with the first feeding. Growth performances were not heavily altered by long-term feeding on the P-based diet. An 1H-NMR metabolomic analysis of the feed revealed significantly different soluble chemical compound profiles between the diets. A set of soluble chemical compounds was found to be specific either to the P-based diet or to the M diet. Pterin, a biomarker of plant feedstuffs, was identified both in the P-based diet and in the plasma of fish fed the P-based diet. 1H-NMR metabolomic analysis on fish plasma and liver and muscle tissues at 6 and 48 h post feeding revealed significantly different profiles between the P-based diet and the M diet, while the C diet showed intermediate results. A higher amino acid content was found in the plasma of fish fed the P-based diet compared with the M diet after 48 h, suggesting either a delayed delivery of the amino acids or a lower amino acid utilisation in the P-based diet. This was associated with an accumulation of essential amino acids and the depletion of glutamine in the muscle, together with an accumulation of choline in the liver. Combined with an anticipated absorption of methionine and lysine supplemented in free form, the present results suggest an imbalanced essential amino acid supply for protein metabolism in the muscle and for specific functions of the liver.

Evaluation of seed amino acid content and its correlation network analysis in wild soybean (Glycine soja) germplasm in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Awatsaya Chotekajorn ◽  
Takuyu Hashiguchi ◽  
Masatsugu Hashiguchi ◽  
Hidenori Tanaka ◽  
Ryo Akashi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Glycine Soja ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Free Amino Acid Content

AbstractWild soybean (Glycine soja) is a valuable genetic resource for soybean improvement. Seed composition profiles provide beneficial information for the effective conservation and utilization of wild soybeans. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the variation in free amino acid abundance in the seeds of wild soybean germplasm collected in Japan. The free amino acid content in the seeds from 316 accessions of wild soybean ranged from 0.965 to 5.987 mg/g seed dry weight (DW), representing a 6.2-fold difference. Three amino acids had the highest coefficient of variation (CV): asparagine (1.15), histidine (0.95) and glutamine (0.94). Arginine (0.775 mg/g DW) was the predominant amino acid in wild soybean seeds, whereas the least abundant seed amino acid was glutamine (0.008 mg/g DW). A correlation network revealed significant positive relationships among most amino acids. Wild soybean seeds from different regions of origin had significantly different levels of several amino acids. In addition, a significant correlation between latitude and longitude of the collection sites and the total free amino acid content of seeds was observed. Our study reports diverse phenotypic data on the free amino acid content in seeds of wild soybean resources collected from throughout Japan. This information will be useful in conservation programmes for Japanese wild soybean and for the selection of accessions with favourable characteristics in future legume crop improvement efforts.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and nutritional quality of short-ripened rennet cheeses produced by traditional methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 5971-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
PRZEMYSŁAW KNYSZ ◽  
MICHAŁ GONDEK ◽  
RENATA PYZ-ŁUKASIK ◽  
MONIKA ZIOMEK ◽  
ŁUKASZ DROZD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Dairy Starter Cultures ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids

The aim of the study was to determine the variability in the chemical composition and nutritive value parameters of smoked and unsmoked short-ripened rennet cheeses and unsmoked long-ripened rennet cheeses produced by traditional methods. The raw material for the production of short-ripened cheeses was pasteurized cows’ milk obtained from a dairy, whereas the long-ripened cheeses were manufactured from raw cows’ milk obtained from the producer’s farm. All three varieties of cheese examined were produced with commercial dairy starter cultures. The material for the study was collected in winter, directly at the producers’ retail outlets in southern and eastern Poland. The basic chemical composition was determined according to the Polish Standards, whereas the amino acid profiles of proteins from the cheeses were determined by ion-exchange chromatography. The result analysis revealed significant differences between the different varieties of cheese in terms of their water content, ranging from 32.2% to 42.1%, as well as protein content, which varied from 25.6% to 31.6%. Fat levels ranged between 22.2% and 24%, whereas total ash content amounted to 5.1-5.8%. The significantly highest salt content was found in unsmoked short-ripened cheeses. In all three cheese varieties, the total exogenous amino acid content was comparable, ranging from 46.17 g to 47.36 g/100 g protein, and that of endogenous amino acids varied from 52 g to 53 g/100 g protein. The biological value of proteins was determined by calculating to the chemical score (CS), as described by Mitchell and Block, and the essential amino acid index (EAAI), as described by Oser. A comparison of the results with the standard chicken egg white proteins showed that the limiting amino acids for all varieties of cheese were methionine and cysteine. On the other hand, a comparison with the FAO/WHO-suggested pattern of amino acid requirements (1991) for all age groups over 1 year of age showed that the limiting amino acids were methionine and cysteine in smoked and unsmoked short-ripened cheeses, and treonine in long-ripened cheeses. Considering the chemical indices, such as CS and EAAI, it may be concluded that the traditional rennet cheeses produced in southern and eastern Poland have a favourable amino acid composition of proteins and a high nutritive value..

scholarly journals 24-Epibrassinolide Restores the Synthesis of Proteins and Amino Acids in Brassica juncea L. Leaves Under Imidacloprid Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anket Sharma ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Ashwani Kumar Thukral ◽  
Renu Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Amino Acid Contents

Abstract Pesticides are applied to protect crops from a variety of insect pests but their application cause toxicity to plants that results, among others, in reduction of protein as well as amino acid contents. The present study is aimed at observing the effect of seed pre-soaking with 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) on the protein and amino acid content in the leaves of Brassica juncea L. grown in soil that is amended with pesticide im-idacloprid (IMI). Soil amendment with IMI resulted in a decrease in the contents in leaves of total proteins and 21 amino acids studied. Seed soaking with 100 nM of EBL resulted in the recovery of total protein as well as amino acid contents in leaves, when compared with plants grown in only IMI amended soils.

scholarly journals ANALISIS ASAM AMINO PENSTIMULASI SEKRESI INSULIN DALAM BIJI KECIPIR, BIJI ASAM, DAN BIJI KELOR DENGAN HPLC

Jurnal Kimia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dita Rizkiyanti ◽  
Ni Made Suaniti ◽  
Ketut Ratnayani
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Winged Bean ◽  
Specific Amino Acid ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Limited Protein ◽  
Potential Content

Seeds are a source of high protein when compared with other parts of the plant. Compared to soy bean, the use of winged bean seeds, tamarind seeds, moringa seeds as protein sources are still very limited. Protein composed of several amino acids bond together to form a polypeptide. Some amino acids have been investigated to act as stimulating insulin secretion, namely, arginine, alanine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, and lysine. The aim of this study was to determine the potential content of amino acids stimulating the secretion of insulin in winged bean seeds, tamarind seeds, and moringa seeds. Based on the total content of amino acids in each seeds, the results showed that moringa seeds have the highest levels of total amino acids stimulating insulin secretion (16.4%), followed by winged bean seeds (16.2%), and tamarind seeds (12.1%). But if seen by the levels of each amino acid, the winged bean seeds on average had the highest amino acid content. The highest levels of arginine, alanine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, and leucine were found in winged bean seeds, while only one specific amino acid i.e. lysine was found to be the highest level on moringa seeds. It can be concluded that the most potential seeds as a source of amino acids stimulating insulin was the winged bean seeds, that will be useful in the prevention or treatment of diabetes mellitus.

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