scholarly journals Protein synthesis and the viability of rye grains. Loss of activity of protein-synthesizing systems in vitro associated with a loss of viability

1973 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Roberts ◽  
P. I. Payne ◽  
D. J. Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Trna Synthetase ◽  
Active Cell ◽  
Grain Storage ◽  
Aminoacyl Trna Synthetase ◽  
Polypeptide Synthesis ◽  
Viable Embryo

A study was made of the integrity of some components of the protein-synthesizing system from viable and non-viable embryos of rye grains. In comparison with viable-embryo components both post-ribosomal supernatant and ribosomal fractions from non-viable embryos are impaired, for neither will fully support polyphenylalanine synthesis in poly(U)-directed cell-free systems. The lesion in the supernatant lies in components other than the tRNA or the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, for these are as functional as those present in the fully active cell-free systems from viable embryos. The ribosomes of embryos of lowered viability show considerable fragmentation and degradation of both 18S and 25S rRNA. This breakdown does not, however, account for the complete lack of polypeptide synthesis in the poly(U)-directed non-viable-embryo system, for if provided with viable-embryo supernatant, non-viable-embryo ribosomes will sustain 60% of the viable-embryo ribosome activity. A lesion in non-viable-embryo supernatant has been located in the binding of the aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome. The impaired components in both supernatant and ribosomes in systems in vitro may reflect the site of faults in protein synthesis in vivo in the early hours of germination. The development of these lesions during grain storage could contribute to senescence and loss of viability in the embryos of rye.

scholarly journals A Rationally Designed Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase for Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Amino Acids

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ximena Steinberg ◽  
Jason Galpin ◽  
Gibran Nasir ◽  
Jose Sepulveda-Ugarte ◽  
Romina V. Sepúlveda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Structure ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Trna Synthetase ◽  
Aminoacyl Trna Synthetase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Fluorescent Amino Acids

AbstractThe incorporation of non-canonical amino acids into proteins has emerged as a promising strategy to manipulate and study protein structure-function relationships with superior precision in vitro and in vivo. To date, fluorescent non-canonical amino acids (f-ncAA) have been successfully incorporated in proteins expressed in bacterial systems, Xenopus oocytes, and HEK-293T cells. Here, we describe the rational generation of an orthogonal aminoacyltRNA synthetase based on the E. coli tyrosine synthetase that is capable of encoding the f-ncAA tyr-coumarin in HEK-293T cells.

scholarly journals A human pathology-related mutation prevents import of an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase into mitochondria

2011 ◽  
Vol 433 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Messmer ◽  
Catherine Florentz ◽  
Hagen Schwenzer ◽  
Gert C. Scheper ◽  
Marjo S. van der Knaap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Trna Synthetase ◽  
Aminoacyl Trna Synthetase ◽  
Mitochondrial Translation ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Human Pathology ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Targeting Signal

Mutations in the nuclear gene coding for the mitochondrial aspartyl-tRNA synthetase, a key enzyme for mitochondrial translation, are correlated with leukoencephalopathy. A Ser45 to Gly45 mutation is located in the predicted targeting signal of the protein. We demonstrate in the present study, by in vivo and in vitro approaches, that this pathology-related mutation impairs the import process across mitochondrial membranes.

scholarly journals Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase–­Interacting Multifunctional Protein 1 Activates NK Cells via Macrophages In Vitro and In Vivo

2017 ◽  
Vol 198 (10) ◽  
pp. 4140-4147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myun Soo Kim ◽  
Ju Han Song ◽  
Edward P. Cohen ◽  
Daeho Cho ◽  
Tae Sung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Nk Cells ◽  
Trna Synthetase ◽  
Aminoacyl Trna Synthetase ◽  
Multifunctional Protein

scholarly journals Lysyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli K12. Chromatographic heterogeneity and the lysU-gene product

1987 ◽  
Vol 248 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Charlier ◽  
R Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gene Product ◽  
Activity Ratio ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Trna Synthetase ◽  
Trna Synthetases ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Aminoacyl Trna Synthetases

In contrast with most aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, the lysyl-tRNA synthetase of Escherichia coli is coded for by two genes, the normal lysS gene and the inducible lysU gene. During its purification from E. coli K12, lysyl-tRNA synthetase was monitored by its aminoacylation and adenosine(5′)tetraphospho(5′)adenosine (Ap4A) synthesis activities. Ap4A synthesis was measured by a new assay using DEAE-cellulose filters. The heterogeneity of lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS) was revealed on hydroxyapatite; we focused on the first peak, LysRS1, because of its higher Ap4A/lysyl-tRNA activity ratio at that stage. Additional differences between LysRS1 and LysRS2 (major peak on hydroxyapatite) were collected. LysRS1 was eluted from phosphocellulose in the presence of the substrates, whereas LysRS2 was not. Phosphocellulose chromatography was used to show the increase of LysRS1 in cells submitted to heat shock. Also, the Mg2+ optimum in the Ap4A-synthesis reaction is much higher for LysRS1. LysRS1 showed a higher thermostability, which was specifically enhanced by Zn2+. These results in vivo and in vitro strongly suggest that LysRS1 is the heat-inducible lysU-gene product.

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