scholarly journals Action of insulin and growth hormone on protein synthesis in muscle from non-hypophysectomized rabbits

1971 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Reeds ◽  
K. A. Munday ◽  
M. R. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Diaphragm Muscle ◽  
Acid Uptake

The separate effects of insulin and growth hormone on the uptake and incorporation of five amino acids into diaphragm muscle from non-hypophysectomized rabbits has been examined. Both growth hormone and insulin, when present in the medium separately, stimulated the incorporation into protein of the amino acids, leucine, arginine, valine, lysine and histidine. Insulin also stimulated amino acid uptake, but growth hormone did not. When insulin and growth hormone were present in the incubation medium together, the uptake and incorporation of valine, the only amino acid studied under these conditions, tended to be greater than the sum of the separate effects of the two hormones.

scholarly journals Action of growth hormone in vitro on the net uptake and incorporation into protein of amino acids in muscle from intact rabbits given protein-deficient diets

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Turner ◽  
P. J. Reeds ◽  
K. A. Munday
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Amino Acid Incorporation ◽  
Acid Incorporation

1. Net amino acid uptake, and incorporation into protein have been measured in vitro in the presence and absence of porcine growth hormone (GH) in muscle from intact rabbits fed for 5 d on low-protein (LP), protein-free (PF) or control diets.2. In muscle from control and LP animals GH had no effect on the net amino acid uptake but stimulated amino acid incorporation into protein, although this response was less in LP animals than in control animals.3. In muscle from PF animals, GH stimulated both amino acid incorporation into protein and the net amino acid uptake, a type of response which also occurs in hypophysectomized animals. The magnitude of the effect of GH on the incorporation of amino acids into protein was reduced in muscle from PF animals.4. The effect of GH on the net amino acid uptake in PF animals was completely blocked by cycloheximide; the uptake effect of GH in these animals was dependent therefore on de novo protein synthesis.5. It is proposed that in the adult the role of growth hormone in protein metabolism is to sustain cellular protein synthesis when there is a decrease in the level of substrate amino acids, similar to that which occurs during a short-term fast or when the dietary protein intake is inadequate.

Protein and energy metabolism in the pre-implantation cattle embryo

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Morris ◽  
P. Humpherson ◽  
H.J. Leese ◽  
J.M. Sreenan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Glucose Utilisation ◽  
Embryonic Loss

AbstractThere is no information on the metabolism of the cattle embryo during the period from day 8 to 16 a period of greatest embryonic loss. In this study the rate of protein synthesis and phosphorylation was measured in 13 to 15 day old cattle embryos. The rate of glucose utilisation and amino acid uptake/efflux by day 14 to 16 embryos was also measured. Protein synthesis and phosphorylation activity when expressed per unit of protein decreased with increasing embryo size and age. Similarly the rate of glucose utilisation was greatest for the earlier day 14 embryos. Embryos differed in their requirement for different amino acids. The pattern of uptake/efflux was similar to that of the earlier day 7 embryo. This study suggests that the metabolic rate of cattle embryos expressed per unit of protein content tends to decrease with increasing age and size from the initial burst of activity at day 13 around the time that expansion of the embryo begins.

Effects of increased supply of essential amino acids on the metabolism of the isolated perfused guinea-pig mammary gland

1979 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Peters ◽  
Stephen Alexandrov ◽  
T. Ben Mepham
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Group 1

SUMMARYThe effects of high rates of infusion of essential amino acids on amino acid uptake by the isolated perfused guinea-pig mammary gland were studied. Infusion of methionine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, histidine and tryptophan (designated group 1) resulted in significant increases in the uptakes of tyrosine, phenylalanine and histidine. Methionine, tryptophan and other essential amino acids were not significantly affected. Infusion of threonine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine and arginine (designated group 2) resulted in significant increases in uptake of all these amino acids. Group 1 amino acid uptake was not significantly affected. Infusion of all the essential amino acids (i.e. groups 1 and 2 together) resulted in significant increases in all their uptakes. Using as index ‘the predicted rate of protein synthesis’, infusion of group 1 and 2 together led to an apparent 27% increase in protein synthesis. The above results are discussed in relation to the control of milk protein synthesis by limiting essential amino acids.

Amino acid uptake and protein synthesis in germinating spores of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Steele ◽  
J. J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Intracellular Pool ◽  
Germination Medium ◽  
Exogenous Proline

Spores transferred to germination medium incorporated exogenous lysine into protein within 20 min but required 2–3 h to begin incorporation of exogenous proline or alanine. During this time considerable uptake of amino acids into the intracellular pool occurred. Cycloheximide added to the germination medium inhibited incorporation of lysine into protein but did not lessen its accumulation in the pool. Spore germination was inhibited by cycloheximide.

Induced metabolic sequelae of tularemia in the rat: correlation with tissue damage

1975 ◽  
Vol 229 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
MC Powanda ◽  
GL Cockerell ◽  
JB Moe ◽  
FB Abeles ◽  
RS Pekarek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Schu S4

Serum and liver zinc concentration, amino acid uptake by liver, seromucoid content, and alpha2-macrofetoprotein production were measured in vaccinated as well as nonimmune rats exposed to either virulent (SCHU S4) or attenuated (LVS) strains of Francisella tularensi. It appears that liver damage (pyogranulomatous lesions) must occur before there is any alteration in the above variables. The presence of bacteria in the liver is not of itself sufficient to lead to the onset of systemic, induced metabolic sequelae (IMS). The occurrence of zinc redistribution in all instances of increased serum protein synthesis may imply a necessary relationship between these two sequelae. Amino acid redistribution does not appear to be linked to serum protein synthesis. An endogenous mediator of systemic IMS can be detected in tularemic rats by injection of the serum of these animals into healthy recipients. The occurrence of zinc redistribution and increased serum protein synthesis in some groups of rats in the absence of amino acids uptake by liver, as well as the apparent differential dose responsiveness of these responses, are suggestive of a multiplicity of endogenous mediators.

Gamma-Glutamyl-Amino Acids as Signals for the Hormonal Regulation of Amino Acid Uptake by the Mammary Gland of the Lactating Rat

Neonatology ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan R. Viña ◽  
Inmaculada R. Puertes ◽  
Juan B. Montoro ◽  
Guillermo T. Saez ◽  
José Viña
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl

scholarly journals Identification in skeletal muscle of a distinct extracellular pool of amino acids, and its role in protein synthesis

1971 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 817-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Hider ◽  
E. B. Fern ◽  
D. R. London
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Extensor Digitorum ◽  
Longus Muscle ◽  
Kinetics Of

1. The kinetics of radioactive labelling of extra- and intra-cellular amino acid pools and protein of the extensor digitorum longus muscle were studied after incubations with radioactive amino acids in vitro. 2. The results indicated that an extracellular pool could be defined, the contents of which were different from those of the incubation medium. 3. It was concluded that amino acids from the extracellular pool, as defined in this study, were incorporated directly into protein.

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