scholarly journals Metabolism of sodium oestrone [35S]sulphate in the rat

1971 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Dolly ◽  
C. G. Curtis ◽  
K. S. Dodgson ◽  
F. A. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Medical Research Council ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Probable Site ◽  
Kidney Perfusion ◽  
Pre Treatment

Intraperitoneal, intravenous or oral administration of sodium oestrone [35S]-sulphate to male and female Medical Research Council hooded rats is followed by the rapid excretion of the bulk of the radioactivity in urine in the form of inorganic [35S]sulphate. Pre-treatment of rats with an antibiotic regimen does not affect the results except in the case of oral administration, when relatively large amounts of the dose are recovered as ester [35S]sulphate in faeces. Intravenous administration of the labelled ester to male and female rats with cannulae in bile duct and ureter gave results similar to those obtained with free-range animals. Only small amounts of radioactivity appeared in bile and this was mainly in the form of ester sulphate, including both oestrone [35S]sulphate and oestradiol-17β 3[35S]-sulphate. Whole-body radioautography pinpointed the liver as the probable site of the desulphation of the sulphate ester and this was confirmed by liver and kidney perfusion experiments and by studies with rats in which kidney function had been eliminated by ligation of the renal pedicles.

scholarly journals Glutathione Conjugates of Ochratoxin a as Biomarkers of Exposure / Glutationski Konjugati Okratoksina A Kao Biomarkeri Izloženosti

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Tozlovanu ◽  
Delphine Canadas ◽  
Annie Pfohl-Leszkowicz ◽  
Christine Frenette ◽  
Robert J. Paugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Amide Bond ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dark Agouti ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney

AbstractIn the present study the photoreactivity of the fungal carcinogen ochratoxin A (OTA) has been utilised to generate authentic samples of reduced glutathione (GSH) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) conjugates of the parent toxin. These conjugates, along with the nontoxic OTα, which is generated through hydrolysis of the amide bond of OTA by carboxypeptidase A, were utilised as biomarkers to study the metabolism of OTA in the liver and kidney of male and female Dark Agouti rats. Male rats are more susceptible than female rats to OTA carcinogenesis with the kidney being the target organ. Our studies show that the distribution of OTA in male and female rat kidney is not significantly different. However, the extent of OTA metabolism was greater in male than female rats. Much higher levels of OTα were detected in the liver compared to the kidney, and formation of OTα is a detoxification pathway for OTA. These findings suggest that differences in metabolism between male and female rats could provide an explanation for the higher sensitivity of male rats to OTA toxicity

Comparative pulmonary toxicity of inhaled metalworking fluids in rats and mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 385-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen R Ryan ◽  
Mark F Cesta ◽  
Ronald Herbert ◽  
Amy Brix ◽  
Michelle Cora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Metalworking Fluids ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Rats And Mice

Metalworking fluids (MWFs) are complex formulations designed for effective lubricating, cooling, and cleaning tools and parts during machining operations. Adverse health effects such as respiratory symptoms, dermatitis, and cancer have been reported in workers exposed to MWFs. Several constituents of MWFs have been implicated in toxicity and have been removed from the formulations over the years. However, animal studies with newer MWFs demonstrate that they continue to pose a health risk. This investigation examines the hypothesis that unrecognized health hazards exist in currently marketed MWF formulations that are presumed to be safe based on hazard assessments of individual ingredients. In vivo 13-week inhalation studies were designed to characterize and compare the potential toxicity of four MWFs: Trim VX, Cimstar 3800, Trim SC210, and Syntilo 1023. Male and female Wistar Han rats or Fischer 344N/Tac rats and B6C3F1/N mice were exposed to MWFs via whole-body inhalation at concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, or 400 mg/m3 for 13 weeks, after which, survival, body and organ weights, hematology and clinical chemistry, histopathology, and genotoxicity were assessed following exposure. Although high concentrations were used, survival was not affected and toxicity was primarily within the respiratory tract of male and female rats and mice. Minor variances in toxicity were attributed to differences among species as well as in the chemical components of each MWF. Pulmonary fibrosis was present only in rats and mice exposed to Trim VX. These data confirm that newer MWFs have the potential to cause respiratory toxicity in workers who are repeatedly exposed via inhalation.

THE EFFECT OF PARATHION ON THE LIVER AND KIDNEY CARBOXYLESTERASES AND THE PLASMA ACETYLCHOLINESTERASES OF RATS FED NUTRITIONALLY DEFICIENT DIETS

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 809-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila I. Read ◽  
E. J. Middleton ◽  
W. P. Mckinley
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Female rats were fed diets low in minerals, vitamins, or protein, or a control diet, both alone and supplemented with 10 parts per million (p.p.m.) parathion for 3 weeks. Male and female rats were fed control and tow-vitamin diets both with and without parathion supplementation (0–10 p.p.m.) for 3 weeks. The liver and kidney carboxylesterases (EC 3.1.1.1.), and the plasma acetylcholinesterases (EC 3.1.1.7.) of the male rats, were measured.In the female rats, a low-mineral diet resulted in an increase of carboxylesterases in the liver and kidney; a low-vitamin diet caused a marked increase in liver carboxylesterases but had no effect on the carboxylesterases of the kidney. Parathion at 10 p.p.m. in all diets greatly reduced the liver carboxylesterases but had less effect on kidney carboxylesterases, except in the case of the low-protein diet, for which the reduction was similar to that in the liver. Varying amounts of parathion added to the low-vitamin diet reduced the liver and kidney carboxylesterases, but to a less extent than when added to the control diet.The liver carboxylesterases of male rats were inhibited approximately 50% by 2 p.p.m. parathion in the control diet and by 4 p.p.m. parathion in the low-vitamin diet. However, inhibition of plasma acetylcholinesterase and kidney carboxylesterases was not marked until the 10 p.p.m. parathion level was fed. The acetylcholinesterase activity of the plasma of male rats did not decrease until the level of liver carboxylesterases was very low.

scholarly journals Absorption, Distribution, Excretion, and Pharmacokinetics ofC-Pyronaridine Tetraphosphate in Male and Female Sprague-Dawley Rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Hyun Park ◽  
Kannampalli Pradeep
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Phase Ii Clinical Trials ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Peak Value

The main objective of this investigation was to determine the absorption, distribution, excretion, and pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial drug pyronaridine tetraphosphate (PNDP) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Following oral administration of a single dose (10 mg/Kg) ofC-PNDP, it was observed that the drug was readily absorbed from the small intestine within 1 hour following oral administration and was widely distributed in most of the tissues investigated as determined from the observed radioactivity in the tissues. The peak value of the drug in the blood was reached at around 8 hours postadministration, and radioactivity was detected in most of the tissues from 4 hours onwards.C-PNDP showed a poor permeability across the blood-brain barrier, and the absorption, distribution, and excretion ofC-PNDP were found to be gender-independent as both male and female rats showed a similar pattern of radioactivity. Excretion of the drug was predominantly through the urine with a peak excretion post 24 hours of administration. A small amount of the drug was also excreted in the feces and also in the breath. It was found that theCmax, AUC (0-inf), andTmaxvalues were similar to those observed in the Phase II clinical trials of pyronaridine/artesunate (Pyramax) conducted in Uganda.

Inhalation Toxicity and Genotoxicity of Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)-236fa and HFC-236ea

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Brock ◽  
David P. Kelly ◽  
Susan M. Munley ◽  
Karin S. Bentley ◽  
Kathy M. McGown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Inhalation Toxicity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

The acute, subchronic, and developmental and genetic toxicity of hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)-236fa and HFC-236ea were evaluated to assist in establishing proper handling guidance. In acute inhalation studies, rats were exposed whole body for 4 hours to various concentrations of each isomer. Based on the lack of mortality, the approximate lethal concentration for HFC-236ea for male rats was > 85,000 ppm. For HFC-236fa, the LC50 for males and females (combined) was > 457,000 ppm. Narcotic-like effects, e.g., prostration, incoordination, and reduced motor activity, were observed only during exposure to either isomer, but were not evident after termination of exposure. In cardiac sensitization studies, HFC-236ea induced cardiac sensitization at ≥ 35,000 ppm, with fatal responses occurring at 50,000 ppm and greater. For HFC-236fa, a cardiac sensitization response was observed at 150,000 ppm and greater but not at 100,000 ppm. A fatal cardiac sensitization response was observed in one dog exposed to 150,000 ppm HFC-236fa. In 90-day subchronic inhalation studies, male and female rats were exposed whole body to HFC-236ea at concentrations of 0, 5000, 20,000, or 50,000 ppm for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week. Similarly, male and female rats were exposed whole body to HFC-236fa at concentrations of 0, 5000, 20,000, or 50,000 ppm for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week. During exposure, narcotic-like effect (reduced acoustic startle response) was observed at 50,000 ppm with both isomers, although there appeared to be an adaptive response to this effect as the study progressed. With HFC-236ea, dilatation of the seminiferous tubules, without effects on germ or Sertoli cells, was observed only in rats at 50,000 ppm. No other effects on in-life measures or on clinical or anatomic pathology, including histopathology, were observed for either isomer. In rat developmental toxicity studies, no evidence of embryotoxicity or teratogenicity was observed with either isomer exposed up to 50,000 ppm during gestational days 7 to 16. Also, no developmental toxicity was observed in rabbits exposed to HFC-236fa at concentrations of up to 50,000 ppm during gestational days 7 to 19. Neither of the HFC-236 isomers was mutagenic in the Ames reverse mutation assay or clastogenic in the chromosomal aberration assay with human lymphocytes. No increase in chromosomal aberrations was observed in in vivo micronucleus studies with either isomer.

scholarly journals Dietary cottonseed consumption induced subfertility in male and female rats: a potent eco-friendly rodenticide compound

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariborz Nowzari ◽  
Farhad Rahmanifar ◽  
Nader Tanideh ◽  
Mohammad Reza Dorvash ◽  
Arezoo Khoradmehr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cottonseed Flour ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Effects of cottonseed flour in male and female rats’ fertility based on hormonal and histomorphometry changes were studied. Sixty-four Sprague-Dawley adult male and female rats were randomly divided into control and treatment groups. Treatment group was received diets containing cottonseed flour for 35 days. Control group was given standard rat food. Body and testis weights, epididymis semen evaluation indices and serum sex steroid hormones were determined. Histomorphometry alterations of testes and ovary were evaluated. Then, normal female and male rats were mated by rats in both groups and after 35 days, number of pups was measured. However, there was no significant difference in whole body and testes weights, sperm concentration and viability between the control and treatment groups, respectively. Moreover, sperm motility in the treatment rats was significantly lower than the control group. Serum hormones alterations were not significant, but histomorphometry evaluations of testes showed significant changes in the testis structures after chronic consumption of cottonseed flour. In the female rats, body weight did not have significant difference between the treatment and control groups. Histomorphometry data in female ovary showed significant reduction of primary follicle volume and number in the treatment group against control. Follicle stimulating hormone showed insignificant reduction in the treatment group. Number of pups was significantly reduced in the female rats fed by cottonseed flour. Cottonseed flour in rat diet had adverse effects on rat reproduction. Therefore, it can be used as an efficient product for control of the rat population as a natural rodenticide agent.

Exercise inhibits progressive growth of the Morris hepatoma 7777 in male and female rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 864-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vickie E. Baracos
Keyword(s):  
Tumour Growth ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Tumour Implantation ◽  
Progressive Growth ◽  
Morris Hepatoma

Male and female rats were either trained to swim for a 6-week period or they remained sedentary. Rats were implanted with Morris hepatoma 7777 after 3 weeks of swimming and were sacrificed after a further 3 weeks. Exercised rats of both sexes showed a significant reduction in tumour weight at sacrifice, compared with sedentary controls (p < 0.01). Similarly, when rats were first implanted with tumours and then placed on an exercise program of 3 weeks duration, tumour growth was also reduced (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the tumour may be sensitive to exercise at more than one point in its development. Tumour growth was inhibited to a similar extent whether the total swimming time was 10, 20, or 30 h over the 3-week period. Although sedentary, tumour-bearing rats were anorexic; both male and female rats showed significant improvement of appetite during the period of tumour growth, in response to exercise. Tumour implantation was associated with significant losses of whole body and muscle protein. The progression of this wasting was not significantly altered by exercise.Key words: Morris hepatoma 7777, cancer, tumour, exercise, skeletal muscle, cachexia, protein.

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