scholarly journals Mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid from Tetrahymena pyriformis and its kinetic complexity

1970 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 811-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Flavell ◽  
I. G. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Density Gradient ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Buoyant Density ◽  
Tetrahymena Pyriformis ◽  
Base Pairing ◽  
Caesium Chloride ◽  
Kinetics Of

1. Mitochondrial DNA from Tetrahymena pyriformis strain T has a buoyant density (ρ) of 1.685 compared with ρ1.688 for whole cell DNA. Mitochondrial preparations from T. pyriformis strain W show an enrichment of a light satellite (ρ1.686), although this is not obtained free from nuclear DNA (ρ1.692). 2. T. pyriformis mitochondrial DNA renatures rapidly and the kinetics of this process indicate a complexity of approx. 3×107 daltons. 3. The base-pairing in the renaturation product is of a precise nature, since the ‘melting’ temperature (80.5°C) is indistinguishable from that of the native DNA (80.5°C). 4. Centrifugation of mitochondrial DNA in an alkaline caesium chloride density gradient gives two bands, implying the separation of the complementary strands.

scholarly journals Kinetic complexity of chloroplastal deoxyribonucleic acid and mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid from higher plants

1969 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 777-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Wells ◽  
Max Birnstiel
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Gaussian Distribution ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Buoyant Density ◽  
Cell Fractionation ◽  
Caesium Chloride ◽  
Cellular Dna

1. Chloroplasts and mitochondria were isolated by aqueous and non-aqueous cell-fractionation techniques. In a variety of higher plants the mitochondrial DNA bands in a caesium chloride gradient at 1·706g.cm.−3, whereas chloroplastal DNA has a buoyant density of 1·697g.cm.−3. 2. In total cellular DNA of moderate molecular weight, the chloroplastal DNA is found within the Gaussian distribution of the nuclear DNA and is not resolved as a satellite. 3. Both chloroplastal DNA and mitochondrial DNA from lettuce renature rapidly. 4. The kinetic complexity of mitochondrial DNA is > 108 daltons. 5. Chloroplastal DNA is made up from fast and slow renaturing sequences with kinetic complexities of 3×106 and 1·2×108 daltons respectively. 6. From the discrepancy between analytical and kinetic complexity it is concluded that chloroplastal DNA is extensively reiterated.

scholarly journals Correlation of Melting Temperature and Cesium Chloride Buoyant Density of Bacterial Deoxyribonucleic Acid

1970 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mandel ◽  
Levi Igambi ◽  
Janet Bergendahl ◽  
M. L. Dodson ◽  
E. Scheltgen
Keyword(s):  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Buoyant Density ◽  
Cesium Chloride

scholarly journals The use of equilibrium-density-gradient methods for the preparation and characterization of blood-group-specific glycoproteins

1970 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 879-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Creeth ◽  
M. A. Denborough
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Density Gradient ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Buoyant Density ◽  
Gradient Methods ◽  
Apparent Molecular Weight ◽  
Sedimentation Equilibrium ◽  
Equilibrium Density ◽  
Caesium Chloride ◽  
Selective Solvation

1. The method of sedimentation equilibrium in a gradient of caesium chloride has been applied to the preparation of blood-group-specific glycoproteins from human ovarian-cyst fluids: it is shown that virtually complete separation from contaminating protein is easily accomplished in a single step. 2. The glycoproteins isolated in this way have been characterized by analytical density-gradient experiments in both caesium chloride and caesium sulphate and values of the buoyant density, selective solvation and apparent molecular weight have been obtained. 3. In some cases, materials prepared from the same cysts by solvent extraction methods have also been characterized in these terms. 4. The selective solvation values are about 0.1 and 0.5g of water/g of glycoprotein in caesium chloride and caesium sulphate respectively. 5. The apparent molecular-weight values are much lower than the weight-average molecular weights, and it is shown that the origin of the discrepancy is heterogeneity in density of the glycoproteins. 6. Some sources of error in the interpretation of density-gradient schlieren patterns are examined.

scholarly journals Dye-buoyant-density-gradient-analysis of Rhizobium deoxyribonucleic acid

1971 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 103P-103P ◽  
Author(s):  
F C Cannon ◽  
L K Dunican ◽  
F O'Gara
Keyword(s):  
Density Gradient ◽  
Gradient Analysis ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Buoyant Density

scholarly journals THE DISTRIBUTION OF DNA AMONG DIVIDING MITOCHONDRIA OF TETRAHYMENA PYRIFORMIS

1968 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Parsons ◽  
Ronald C. Rustad
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Tetrahymena Pyriformis ◽  
Population Doubling ◽  
Population Doubling Time ◽  
The Stability

A squash technique was developed for log phase Tetrahymena pyriformis which permitted the resolution of over 100 individual mitochondria from a single cell. Mitochondria incorporated thymidine at all stages of the cell cycle, even when nuclear DNA synthesis was not occurring. During the stage of macronuclear DNA synthesis, however, there was a significant increase in the extent of mitochondrial labeling. Low radioautograph background suggests that mitochondrial DNA is synthesized at the mitochondria themselves. All mitochondria incorporated thymidine-3H within one population-doubling time. Grain counts also showed that the amount of mitochondrial label was retained for four generations and that this label remained randomly distributed among all mitochondria during this time. The results are not consistent with any theory of de-novo or "microbody" origin of mitochondria, but do support the hypothesis that mitochondria are produced by the growth and division of preexisting mitochondria. The stability of the mitochondrial DNA and its distribution among daughter mitochondria satisfy two prerequisites for a genetic material. The possibility is discussed that some of the genetic information for the mitochondrion is contained in the DNA associated with this organelle.

DNA from Isolated Pellicles of Tetrahymena

1971 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 719-726
Author(s):  
R. A. FLAVELL ◽  
I. G. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Tetrahymena Pyriformis ◽  
Heavy Component ◽  
Cscl Gradient ◽  
Mitochondria Dna ◽  
Similar Enrichment

Large pellicle fragments were isolated from Tetrahymena pyriformis, strain T, by 2 procedures: homogenization after treatment with 40% ethanol at -20 °C, or direct homogenization in a sucrose-EDTA buffer. All preparations contained entrapped mitochondria. DNA prepared from these pellicles was analysed on a CsCl gradient, and contained 3 components of buoyant densities 1.685, 1.688, and 1.698 g cm-3 in variable proportions. The component at 1.685 g cm-3 is similar in density to mitochondrial DNA and those at 1.688 and 1.698g cm-3 to components of nuclear DNA. Most pellicle preparations contained a higher proportion of the heavy component (1.698 g cm-3) than does nuclear DNA. A similar enrichment of this component could be demonstrated in high-speed pellets from fragmented nuclei. No unique pellicle-associated component could be demonstrated. No DNA could be isolated from very pure preparations of oral plates and we conclude that there is no evidence for the presence of a specific DNA associated with the pellicle.

Chloroplast deoxyribonucleic acid Isolation: purity achieved without nuclease digestion

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 911-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patsy R. Rhodes ◽  
S. D. Kung
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Buoyant Density ◽  
Silica Sol ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Nuclease Digestion ◽  
Density Analysis ◽  
Digestion Step

Chloroplasts, obtained from plant tissues homogenized in liquid nitrogen, were freed of nuclei on silica sol gradients. Buoyant density analysis of denatured–renatured DNA and the clarity of restriction fragment patterns demonstrate the purity of these preparations. In this manner, chloroplast DNA free of substantial nuclear DNA contamination was obtained from several plant species without the use of a deoxyribonuclease digestion step.

The value of serial plasma and cerebrospinal fluid nuclear and mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid levels in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

2013 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung-Chen Wang ◽  
Tzu-Ming Yang ◽  
Wei-Che Lin ◽  
Yu-Jun Lin ◽  
Nai-Wen Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Plasma Dna

Object Increased plasma nuclear and mitochondrial DNA levels have been reported in critically ill patients, and extracellular DNA may originate from damaged tissues having undergone necrosis. This study tested the hypothesis that nuclear and mitochondrial DNA levels in CSF and plasma are substantially increased in patients with acute spontaneous aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and decrease thereafter, such that nuclear and mitochondrial DNA levels may be predictive of treatment outcomes. Methods Serial nuclear and mitochondrial DNA levels in CSF and plasma from 21 adult patients with spontaneous aneurysmal SAH and 39 healthy volunteers who received myelography examinations during the study period were evaluated. Results Data showed that circulating plasma nuclear DNA concentrations and both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA levels in CSF significantly increased in patients with aneurysmal SAH on admission compared with the volunteers. In patients with poor outcome, the CSF nuclear and mitochondrial DNA levels were significantly higher on Days 1 and 4, and plasma nuclear DNA levels were significantly higher from Day 8 to Day 14. Higher CSF nuclear (> 85.1 ng/ml) and mitochondrial DNA levels (> 31.4 ng/ml) on presentation were associated with worse outcome in patients with aneurysmal SAH. Conclusions Higher CSF DNA levels on presentation, rather than plasma DNA levels, are associated with worse outcomes in patients with acute spontaneous aneurysmal SAH. More prospective multicenter investigations are needed to confirm the predictive value of CSF and plasma DNA levels on outcome.

A procedure for the purification of DNA from tobacco cell cultures and isolation of tobacco single-copy DNA

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 1453-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Locy ◽  
Ross H. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Buoyant Density ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Tobacco Callus ◽  
Tobacco Cell ◽  
Reassociation Kinetics ◽  
Copy Dna ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Single Copy Dna

A procedure is presented for the purification of DNA from tobacco callus cells. The procedure can be scaled up for the preparation in large quantity of DNA free of RNA, protein, and polysaccharide. The DNA prepared by this procedure has the same melting temperature and buoyant density as tobacco DNA prepared by previously published procedures and is of sufficient purity to be used for analysis of the reassociation kinetics of tobacco callus DNA. The DNA has been used as a source for the isolation of tobacco single-copy DNA.

scholarly journals The Role of Mitochondria in Carcinogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5100
Author(s):  
Paulina Kozakiewicz ◽  
Ludmiła Grzybowska-Szatkowska ◽  
Marzanna Ciesielka ◽  
Jolanta Rzymowska
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Dna Mutations ◽  
Nadh Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase ◽  
Gene Coi ◽  
The Impact

The mitochondria are essential for normal cell functioning. Changes in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) may affect the occurrence of some chronic diseases and cancer. This process is complex and not entirely understood. The assignment to a particular mitochondrial haplogroup may be a factor that either contributes to cancer development or reduces its likelihood. Mutations in mtDNA occurring via an increase in reactive oxygen species may favour the occurrence of further changes both in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Mitochondrial DNA mutations in postmitotic cells are not inherited, but may play a role both in initiation and progression of cancer. One of the first discovered polymorphisms associated with cancer was in the gene NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 3 (mt-ND3) and it was typical of haplogroup N. In prostate cancer, these mutations and polymorphisms involve a gene encoding subunit I of respiratory complex IV cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (COI). At present, a growing number of studies also address the impact of mtDNA polymorphisms on prognosis in cancer patients. Some of the mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms occur in both chronic disease and cancer, for instance polymorphism G5913A characteristic of prostate cancer and hypertension.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document