scholarly journals Interaction of solvents with membranal and soluble potassium ion-dependent enzymes

1970 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mayer ◽  
Y. Avi-Dor
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Pyruvate Kinase ◽  
Solvent Effects ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
The State ◽  
Dimethyl Sulphoxide ◽  
The Other ◽  
Enzyme Structure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Muscle Pyruvate Kinase

The effects of dimethyl sulphoxide and glycerol on ox brain microsomal Na++K+-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.3), K+-stimulated p-nitrophenyl phosphatase and K+-dependent muscle pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40) were studied. Dimethyl sulphoxide at concentrations below 20% (v/v) was found to stimulate the p-nitrophenyl phosphatase and pyruvate kinase by increasing their affinity for K+ but to inhibit the Na++K+-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase. The latter enzyme activity was also inhibited by glycerol, which like dimethyl sulphoxide, stimulated the K+-activated p-nitrophenyl phosphatase at a wide range of concentrations. The solvent effects were promptly reversed by dilution. Similarity was found between glycerol and dimethyl sulphoxide, on one hand, and ATP, on the other, in their stimulatory effect and their ability to increase the ouabain- and oligomycin-sensitivity of the K+-stimulated p-nitrophenyl phosphatase. However, only the solvents, not the ATP, increased the binding of K+ by the microsomes. From the above findings it is suggested that solvents may act on K+-dependent enzymes by altering the state of solvation of the activating cation as well as by changing the enzyme structure.

scholarly journals Density Guarantee on Finding Multiple Subgraphs and Subtensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Quang-huy Duong ◽  
Heri Ramampiaro ◽  
Kjetil Nørvåg ◽  
Thu-lan Dam
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bound ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Exact Methods ◽  
Practical Solution ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Real World Datasets ◽  
Tensor Data

Dense subregion (subgraph & subtensor) detection is a well-studied area, with a wide range of applications, and numerous efficient approaches and algorithms have been proposed. Approximation approaches are commonly used for detecting dense subregions due to the complexity of the exact methods. Existing algorithms are generally efficient for dense subtensor and subgraph detection, and can perform well in many applications. However, most of the existing works utilize the state-or-the-art greedy 2-approximation algorithm to capably provide solutions with a loose theoretical density guarantee. The main drawback of most of these algorithms is that they can estimate only one subtensor, or subgraph, at a time, with a low guarantee on its density. While some methods can, on the other hand, estimate multiple subtensors, they can give a guarantee on the density with respect to the input tensor for the first estimated subsensor only. We address these drawbacks by providing both theoretical and practical solution for estimating multiple dense subtensors in tensor data and giving a higher lower bound of the density. In particular, we guarantee and prove a higher bound of the lower-bound density of the estimated subgraph and subtensors. We also propose a novel approach to show that there are multiple dense subtensors with a guarantee on its density that is greater than the lower bound used in the state-of-the-art algorithms. We evaluate our approach with extensive experiments on several real-world datasets, which demonstrates its efficiency and feasibility.

E-Government and Citizen Participation in Chile

2010 ◽  
pp. 39-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Araya Moreno ◽  
Diego Barría Traverso
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Interactive Applications ◽  
International Assessments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Government Deficit ◽  
Available Information

Various international assessments have drawn attention to the level of development e-government has reached in Chile during the early 2000s. Despite this, even official reports recognize that there is an e-government deficit in opening spaces for citizen participation. These results coincide with several works which have shown the limits the State of Chile put to citizen participation. This chapter analyzes the participation supply that the websites of Chilean ministries offer the citizenry. We describe the existing interactive applications offered by the websites, and the possibilities they make available for citizens to participate in public policy discussions. Our conclusion is that there is a wide range of available information regarding ministerial management but, on the other; the lack of participatory mechanisms is confirmed. These results can be understood if considering that within the Chilean public administration a managerial predisposition exists, which makes open participation spaces subordinated to prevailing managerial logics.

scholarly journals The refolding of denatured rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase

1983 ◽  
Vol 209 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
N C Price ◽  
E Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Pyruvate Kinase ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Fluorescence Spectra ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Guanidine Hydrochloride ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Native Enzyme ◽  
Rabbit Muscle ◽  
Muscle Pyruvate Kinase

The refolding of rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase after denaturation by guanidine hydrochloride was studied. On dilution of the denaturing agent, enzyme activity is only partially regained. The extent of regain of activity is dependent on protein concentration, showing a marked decrease at higher concentrations. The failure to regain complete activity appears to be related to the formation of inactive aggregates, which can be separated from active enzyme by gel filtration. Insoluble aggregates can be partially re-activated after solubilization in guanidine hydrochloride. Changes in the circular-dichroism and fluorescence spectra during refolding suggest that a partially folded, inactive species is formed rapidly; this differs from native enzyme in being more susceptible to proteolysis by trypsin.

scholarly journals The Operation of the Export Bonus Scheme in Pakistan's Jute and Cotton Industries

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Qazi Kholiquzzaman Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Consumer Goods ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wide Range

The author's intention is essentially to extend the Bruton and Bose study of the Pakistan Export Bonus Scheme [1], in terms of both time and commodity. However, in this paper we examine the operation of the scheme in jute and cotton industries only. In our next paper, which is now in process, we take up the other industries covered in [1] and also a few more. Very briefly, the scheme works in the following way1. The exporter of a "bonus commodity" surrenders his foreign exchange earnings to the State Bank of Pakistan and receives, in addition to the rupee equivalent, a voucher that entitles its owner to purchase foreign exchange equal in value to 20 or 30 per cent (depen¬ding on the commodity exported) of the amount earned. The voucher can be utilised for obtaining foreign exchange for use in a) importing a wide range of goods, b) business travels and c) opening and maintaining commercial offices abroad. Vouchers are issued for all goods except raw jute, raw cotton, hides and skins, raw wool and rice. The voucher is freely transferable, and its price (which is commonly known as the premium) is determined by the market. Imports permissible under bonus vouchers include a large number of items—both capital and consumer goods.

Properties of chicken skeletal muscle pyruvate kinase and a proposal for its evolutionary relation to the other avian and mammalian isoenzymes

Biochemistry ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2247-2252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet M. Cardenas ◽  
Elizabeth G. Blachly ◽  
Peter L. Ceccotti ◽  
Robert D. Dyson
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Pyruvate Kinase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Muscle Pyruvate Kinase ◽  
Chicken Skeletal Muscle

scholarly journals What is “Restrained” by the katechon? The Finitude of the State in Conservative and Socialist Thought

2021 ◽  
Vol V (2) ◽  
pp. 13-33
Author(s):  
Ilya Budraitskis
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Roman Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Core ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The One ◽  
End Times ◽  
Marxist Concept ◽  
Imperial State

The concept of katechon (“that which withholds”), essential to both the theological tradition and modern political philosophy, originates in Second Thessalonians by Paul the Apostle. This withholding force which resists the coming of the end times has often been identified with the Roman Empire (and later with the Christian imperial state), the latter seen as a protected space that enabled the spread of the Good Tidings. This mission of containment, on the one hand, endowed the state with a sacred character, but on the other, it marked the state's finitude and imperfection. By withholding time, the katechon does not remove but preserves contradictions and heterogeneity, accepting its incompleteness as the burden of its own mission. In its secularized form, the restraining state conceives of society as an antagonistic space of struggle and conflict, and the function of political power is linked to the establishment of a temporal equilibrium with historically contingent and relative forms. In conservative thought, the katechon state guards society from unifying equality and rationalization, and individuals from the illusion of perfection and moral harmony. The understanding of the state as a force that rises above the disparate elements of society and preserves it against its inherent chaos was also at the core of the Marxist concept of the state. This article, based on a wide range of authors (T. Hobbes, K. Marx, K. Schmitt, K. Leontiev, D. Agamben) will consider conservative and leftist interpretations of the state, which accept and develop the idea of katechon and its interpretations not directly connected with the concept of state power.

scholarly journals The Concept of Freedom in liberalism’s Thought, for Instance: Friedrich .A. Von Hayek's Vision

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-309
Author(s):  
Jabar Ismael Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
State Power ◽  
Economic Justice ◽  
Living System ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Freedom ◽  
Positive Freedom ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Differences Of Opinion

Liberalism thus views the concept of freedom as a fundamental element of its intellectual foundation and without access to and defense of freedom, there is no meaning for the existence and survival of liberals. Due to the wide range of views of liberalism and the differences of opinion of liberal thinkers and different trends, attitudes and views on different freedoms, for example some of the thinkers believe in the interference of the state power in personal freedoms with the goal of creating social justice and economic justice and so on..., such as the thinkers of the Social liberal trend in the thought of liberalism, But some other thinkers believe in the protection of individual freedoms from interfering of the power of the state, and reject any form of interference in freedom, such as thinkers of the Libertarians trend in the thought of liberalism, including (Friedrich A. von Hayek). These two views of liberalism are expressed in terms of freedom, as: positive freedom (when the state intervenes in freedoms), and negative freedom (that freedom is protected from the interference of state power).  (Hayek) rejects positive freedom and believes that any interference in the freedom, economy, and property of individuals, commodities, and markets, leads to the deterioration of the security and stability of individuals on one hand, and the creation of an oppressive, tyrannical and dictatorial power or regime on the other hand. This condition becomes the cause and means of the departure of individuals and the coexistence of the living system to slavery.

2D Color-Intensity Representation of Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge Measurements

2020 ◽  
pp. 1192-1198
Author(s):  
M.S. Mohammad ◽  
Tibebe Tesfaye ◽  
Kim Ki-Seong
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Thickness Gauge ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Digital Readout ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Ultrasonic Thickness

Ultrasonic thickness gauges are easy to operate and reliable, and can be used to measure a wide range of thicknesses and inspect all engineering materials. Supplementing the simple ultrasonic thickness gauges that present results in either a digital readout or as an A-scan with systems that enable correlating the measured values to their positions on the inspected surface to produce a two-dimensional (2D) thickness representation can extend their benefits and provide a cost-effective alternative to expensive advanced C-scan machines. In previous work, the authors introduced a system for the positioning and mapping of the values measured by the ultrasonic thickness gauges and flaw detectors (Tesfaye et al. 2019). The system is an alternative to the systems that use mechanical scanners, encoders, and sophisticated UT machines. It used a camera to record the probe’s movement and a projected laser grid obtained by a laser pattern generator to locate the probe on the inspected surface. In this paper, a novel system is proposed to be applied to flat surfaces, in addition to overcoming the other limitations posed due to the use of the laser projection. The proposed system uses two video cameras, one to monitor the probe’s movement on the inspected surface and the other to capture the corresponding digital readout of the thickness gauge. The acquired images of the probe’s position and thickness gauge readout are processed to plot the measured data in a 2D color-coded map. The system is meant to be simpler and more effective than the previous development.

From the “Judicialization of Politics” to the “Politicization of Justice” in the UK and Switzerland

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-135
Author(s):  
Lucia Della Torre
Keyword(s):  
General Rule ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Field ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon ◽  
Judicialization Of Politics ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Migration Law

Not very long ago, scholars saw it fit to name a new and quite widespread phenomenon they had observed developing over the years as the “judicialization” of politics, meaning by it the expanding control of the judiciary at the expenses of the other powers of the State. Things seem yet to have begun to change, especially in Migration Law. Generally quite a marginal branch of the State's corpus iuris, this latter has already lent itself to different forms of experimentations which then, spilling over into other legislative disciplines, end up by becoming the new general rule. The new interaction between the judiciary and the executive in this specific field as it is unfolding in such countries as the UK and Switzerland may prove to be yet another example of these dynamics.

Research of enzyme activity changes in the antioxidant system and the state of NO-system in patients with colon cancer

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-258
Author(s):  
Sophia Kovalchuc ◽  
Andriy Revura ◽  
Bohdan Melekh ◽  
Oksana Khavrona ◽  
Yuriy Fedevych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
The State
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