scholarly journals Studies on flavonoid metabolism. Metabolism of (+)-[14C]catechin in the rat and guinea pig

1969 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. Das ◽  
L. A. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Flavonoid Metabolism ◽  
Residual Radioactivity

1. The fate of (+)-[U−14C]catechin and (+)-[ring A−14C]catechin has been studied in the guinea pig and rat. 2. (+)-[U−14C]Catechin was shown to give rise to labelled phenolic acids, labelled phenyl-γ-valerolactones and 14CO2. 3. (+)-[ring A−14C]-Catechin did not give rise to labelled phenolic acids, but labelled phenyl-γ-valerolactones were detected together with a higher proportion of 14CO2. 4. Administered [14C]δ-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone gave rise to labelled m-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid in the rat whereas administered [14C]m-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid gave rise to a compound yielding labelled m-hydroxybenzoic acid on hydrolysis. 5. The distribution of radioactivity in the urine and faeces of (+)-[14C]catechin-fed animals is described; a high proportion of residual radioactivity was found in urine that had been exhaustively extracted with diethyl ether.

scholarly journals Studies on flavonoid metabolism. Metabolism of (+)-catechin in the guinea pig

1968 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. Das ◽  
L. A. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Gut Microflora ◽  
Acid Metabolite ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Flavonoid Metabolism

1. Administration of (+)-catechin to the guinea pig gives rise to a number of phenolic acids and lactones, which have been identified by chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods. The major phenolic acid metabolite is m-hydroxybenzoic acid and the major lactone metabolite is δ-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone. 2. The phenolic acid and lactone metabolites are excreted in both free and conjugated forms, including their glucuronides and to a lesser degree their ethereal sulphates. 3. Administration of certain of the metabolites isolated has permitted certain sequential relationships of these intermediates to be established. 4. Degradation of (+)-catechin in the guinea pig is effected at least in part by the gut microflora and is suppressed by aureomycin plus phthaloyl-sulphathiazole.

scholarly journals DER ABBAU VON P-HYDROXYBENZOESAURE, PROTOCATECHUSAURE UND GALLUSSAURE IM BODEN

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Kunze
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Microbial Decomposition ◽  
Oh Groups

The rate of decomposition of the three phenolic acids, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid and gallic acid, whose difference is the amount of OH-groups, was investigated in the soil. With the increase in OH-groups increases the rate of microbial decomposition. Gallic acid decomposes faster than protocatecuic acid and this again faster than p-hydroxybenzoic acid.

scholarly journals Anethum graveolens L. In Vitro Cultures – a Potential Source of Bioactive Metabolites, Phenolic Acids and Furanocoumarins

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Szopa ◽  
Halina Ekiert
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
In Vitro Cultures ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Production Medium ◽  
Anethum Graveolens ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Free Phenolic Acids

Abstract In vitro cultures of Anethum graveolens (dill) were maintained on the Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) medium – three variants, and the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium – seven variants, which contained different amounts of plant growth regulators, cytokinin (BAP) and auxin (NAA) (from 0.1 mg l−1 to 3.0 mg l−1). Methanolic extracts from in vitro grown biomass were analyzed by HPLC for free phenolic acids and furanocoumarins. The total amounts of free phenolic acids on the LS medium variants were similar (35.23–38.65 mg 100 g−1 DW), but higher on the MS variants, ranging from about 66 mg 100 g−1 DW to 100 mg 100 g−1 DW. The main metabolites were: p-hydroxybenzoic acid (max. 24.41 mg 100 g−1 DW) on the LS−based media, and salicylic acid (max. 57.88 mg 100 g−1 DW) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (max. 36.27 mg 100 g−1 DW) on the MS−based media. The total amounts of furanocoumarins were lower, as they did not exceed 8.5 mg 100 g−1 DW on the LS media and 25 mg 100 g−1 DW on the MS media. The main compounds in this group were bergapten (max. 15.01 mg 100 g−1 DW) and marmesin (max. 8.12 mg 100 g−1 DW). The MS variant containing 0.5 mg l−1 BAP and 2.0 mg l−1 NAA was proposed as the best production medium for both groups of metabolites. The maximum total amounts of free phenolic acids obtained in the in vitro grown biomass were slightly higher than their amounts in the fruits of the mother plant analyzed for comparison (99.66 mg 100 g−1 DW and 93.34 mg 100 g−1 DW, respectively); the maximum total amounts of furanocoumarins were approximately 1.8 times higher than in the fruits (24.26 mg 100 g−1 DW and 13.67 mg 100 g−1 DW, respectively).

COUMARINS AND PHENOLIC ACIDS IN THE UREDOSPORES OF WHEAT STEM RUST

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 847-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. van Sumere ◽  
C. van Sumere-de Preter ◽  
L. C. Vining ◽  
G. A. Ledingham
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Vanillic Acid ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Stimulation Of

A paper chromatographic method suitable for identification of the small amounts of coumarins and phenolic acids present in the uredospores of wheat stem rust was developed. By the use of the circular technique and a combination of three different solvent systems an adequate separation of all the substances was achieved. A preliminary development of the chromatogram with a solvent in which the test compounds were non-mobile facilitated identification and avoided the need for extensive preliminary fractionation of the extracts.Using this method the following compounds were identified in spore extracts: coumarin, umbelliferone, daphnetin, aesculetin, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid, o-coumaric acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid; coumarin, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid, o-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid were also present as glycosides; in addition scopoletin, gallic acid, syringic acid, and sinapic acid were detected after hydrolysis and are assumed to be present only in a bound form.In order to obtain some information about the role of these substances in the physiology of wheat stem rust, uredospores were germinated by being floated en masse on dilute aqueous solutions. Of the compounds tested, indoleacetic acid, coumarin, o-coumaric acid, protocatechuic acid, umbelliferone, and daphnetin gave a marked stimulation of germination at concentrations of 10–200 μg./ml. Caffeic acid, vanillic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, and ferulic acid β-glucoside had little effect or were strongly inhibitory.The stimulation of germination is attributed to the counteraction of a self-inhibitor released from the spores, and the possible significance of the compounds on the physiology of the rust and the host–parasite relationship is discussed.

scholarly journals Phenolic substances in Ailanthus glandulosa Desf

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
Karolina Pekala ◽  
Katarzyna Wawrzusiszyn ◽  
Anna Bogucka-Kocka
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
Suitable Reference ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

Abstract The aim of this work was the isolation and identification of phenolic acids from fruit and leaves of Ailanthus glandulosa Desf. The methods used in the isolation and identification of the compounds were: isolation of phenolic acids modified by Ibrahim and Towers, acidic and alkaline hydrolysis by Schmidtlein and Herrmann and identification of phenolic acids in the isolated fraction of two-dimensional thin layer chromatography (TLC) on cellulose plates. In the course of the study, the presence of phenolic acids in leaves and fruit of Ailanthus glandulosa Desf was confirmed. Overall, proportions of 15 phenolic acids were found and identified in the analyzed material. These are: gallic acid, ellagic acid, caffeic acid, gentisic acid, protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, syryngic acid, vanillic acid, salicylic acid, 2-hydroxy-4- methoxybenzoic acid, 2,5-dimethoxycinnamic, p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 3 other compounds named A, B, C, whose identification was not possible due to the lack of suitable reference patterns. Studies have shown that leaves and fruit of the plant Ailanthus glandulosa Desf. contain a large number of phenolic acids which possess many important pharmacological activities.

scholarly journals Studies on flavonoid metabolism. Metabolism of flavone in the guinea pig

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 488-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
NP Das ◽  
LA Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Flavonoid Metabolism

scholarly journals Comparison of the Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Anthocyanin Metabolites, Protocatechuic Acid and 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimee N. Winter ◽  
Matthew C. Brenner ◽  
Noelle Punessen ◽  
Michael Snodgrass ◽  
Caleb Byars ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Neuronal Cell Death ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Anthocyanins are being increasingly investigated for their neuroprotective and antineuroinflammatory effects; however, the overall bioavailability of many anthocyanins is relatively low. In contrast, phenolic acids, metabolites of many polyphenols, including anthocyanins, have been shown to accumulate in tissue at higher concentrations than those of parent compounds, suggesting that these metabolites may be the bioactive components of anthocyanin-rich diets. We examined the neuroprotective capacity of two common phenolic acids, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA) and protocatechuic acid (PCA), in primary cultures of cerebellar granule neurons. Both HBA and PCA are capable of mitigating oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide, which is thought to contribute to neuronal cell death in neurodegeneration. Under conditions of nitrosative stress, which occur during inflammation in the central nervous system, only PCA was neuroprotective, despite similar structural characteristics between HBA and PCA. Intriguingly, this trend was reversed under conditions of excitotoxicity, in which only HBA was neuroprotective. Lastly, we explored the anti-inflammatory activity of these compounds in microglial cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. PCA was an effective anti-inflammatory agent, reducing nitric oxide production, while HBA had no effect. These data indicate that phenolic acids possess distinct neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory characteristics that could make them suitable for the treatment of neurodegeneration.

Effect of Contraceptive Steroids on the Endometrium of Guinea Pig: SEM study

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 668-669
Author(s):  
Mai M. Said ◽  
Ramesh K. Nayak ◽  
Randall E. McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Human Female ◽  
Surface Ultrastructure ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Uterine Mucosa ◽  
Group 1

Burgos and Wislocki described changes in the mucosa of the guinea pig uterus, cervix and vagina during the estrous cycle investigated by transmission electron microscopy. More recently, Moghissi and Reame reported the effects of progestational agents on the human female reproductive tract. They found drooping and shortening of cilia in norgestrel and norethindrone- treated endometria. To the best of our knowledge, no studies concerning the effects of mestranol and norethindrone given concurrently on the three-dimensional surface features on the uterine mucosa of the guinea pig have been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mestranol and norethindrone on surface ultrastructure of guinea pig uterus by SEM.Seventy eight animals were used in this study. They were allocated into two groups. Group 1 (20 animals) was injected intramuscularly 0.1 ml vegetable oil and served as controls.

Ultrastructure and Drug Metabolism in the Developing Guinea Pig

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 538-539
Author(s):  
W. Kuenzig ◽  
M. Boublik ◽  
J.J. Kamm ◽  
J.J. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Adult Animal ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Mixed Function Oxidase ◽  
Cytochrome P 450 ◽  
Microsomal Mixed Function Oxidase ◽  
Mixed Function Oxidase Activity

Unlike a variety of other animal species, such as the rabbit, mouse or rat, the guinea pig has a relatively long gestation period and is a more fully developed animal at birth. Kuenzig et al. reported that drug metabolic activity which increases very slowly during fetal life, increases rapidly after birth. Hepatocytes of a 3-day old neonate metabolize drugs and reduce cytochrome P-450 at a rate comparable to that observed in the adult animal. Moreover the administration of drugs like phenobarbital to pregnant guinea pigs increases the microsomal mixed function oxidase activity already in the fetus.Drug metabolic activity is, generally, localized within the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) of the hepatocyte.

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