scholarly journals Molecular cohesion in plant cell walls. Methylation analysis of pectic polysaccharides from the cotyledons of white mustard

1969 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Rees ◽  
N. J. Wight
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Uronic Acid ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Methylation Analysis ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Pectic Polysaccharides ◽  
Derivatives Of

Methylation analysis was used to characterize the pectic polysaccharides from mustard cotyledons, a tissue with potential for rapid biological change involving the walls. The methylated sugars were identified by g.l.c. and paper chromatography after conversion of uronic acid derivatives into [3H]hexoses, and confirmed by the formation of crystalline derivatives of most of the main products, which were: 2,3-di-O-methyl-d-[6−3H]galactose, 2-O-methyl-d-[6−3H]galactose, 3,4-di-O-methylrhamnose, 3-O-methylrhamnose, 2,3,5-tri-O-methyl-l-arabinose, 2,3-di-O-methyl-l-arabinose, 2-O-methyl-l-arabinose, 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-d-xylose and 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-d-galactose in the molar proportions 1·00:1·14:0·54:0·74:2·86:2·50:2·24:1·88:0·32. The structural units present are similar to those in wellknown polysaccharides from mature tissues, but their proportions are strikingly different. Uninterrupted and unbranched galacturonan segments can therefore contribute little cohesion to these walls, and it is suggested that this correlates with a function of the wall matrix to hydrate and permit readjustment, during germination, of structural elements or wall surfaces or both.

scholarly journals New Products Generated from the Transformations of Ferulic Acid Dilactone

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying He ◽  
Yuan Jia ◽  
Fachuang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
New Products ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Radical Coupling ◽  
Naoh Treatment ◽  
Derivatives Of

Various ferulic acid (FA) dimers occurring in plant cell walls, such as 8-5-, 8-O-4-, 5-5-, and 8-8-coupled dimers, are effective antioxidants and potential antimicrobials. It is necessary to access these diferulates as reference compounds to validate those isolated from plants. 3,6-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-tetrahydrofuro-[3,4-c]furan-1,4-dione, a 8-8-coupled FA dilactone generated from ferulic acid via radical coupling, has been used to synthesize 8-8-coupled FA dimers although few reports investigated the distribution of products and mechanisms involved in the transformation of FA dilactone. In this work, the FA dilactone, obtained from FA by a peroxidase-catalyzed radical coupling, was reacted under various base/acid conditions. Effects of reaction conditions and workup procedures on the distribution of products were investigated by GC-MS. The isolated products from such treatments of FA dilactone were characterized by NMR. New derivatives of FA dimer including 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-(hydroxyl-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl)succinic acid and 2-(bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-methyl)-succinic acid were produced from NaOH treatment. Another novel 8-8-coupled cyclic FA dimer, diethyl 6-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-2,3-dicarboxylate was identified in products from FA dilactone treated by dry HCl in absolute ethanol. Mechanisms involved in such transformations were proposed.

scholarly journals Borate-Rhamnogalacturonan II Bonding Reinforced by Ca2+ Retains Pectic Polysaccharides in Higher-Plant Cell Walls

1999 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaru Kobayashi ◽  
Hironobu Nakagawa ◽  
Tomoyuki Asaka ◽  
Toru Matoh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Pectic Polysaccharides ◽  
Rhamnogalacturonan Ii

A multiple-column approach to the methylation analysis of plant cell-walls

1985 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Lomax ◽  
Alex H. Gordon ◽  
Andrew Chesson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Methylation Analysis

scholarly journals A Symbiont-Independent Endo-1,4-β-Xylanase from the Plant-Parasitic Nematode Meloidogyne incognita

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 521-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makedonka Mitreva-Dautova ◽  
Erwin Roze ◽  
Hein Overmars ◽  
Leo de Graaff ◽  
Arjen Schots ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Glycosyl Hydrolase ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Pectic Polysaccharides ◽  
Enzyme Complexes ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Substituted xylan polymers constitute a major part of the hemicellulose fraction of plant cell walls, especially in monocotyledons. Endo-1,4-β-xylanases (EC 3.2.1.8) are capable of hydrolyzing substituted xylan polymers into fragments of random size. Many herbivorous animals have evolved intimate relationships with endosymbionts to exploit their enzyme complexes for the degradation of xylan. Here, we report the first finding of a functional endo-1,4-β-xylanase gene from an animal. The gene (Mi-xyl1) was found in the obligate plant-parasitic root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, and encodes a protein that is classified as a member of glycosyl hydrolase family 5. The expression of Mi-xyl1 is localized in the subventral esophageal gland cells of the nematode. Previous studies have shown that M. incognita has the ability to degrade cellulose and pectic polysaccharides in plant cell walls independent of endosymbionts. Including our current data on Mi-xyl1, we show that the endogenous enzyme complex in root-knot nematode secretions targets essentially all major cell wall carbohydrates to facilitate a stealthy intercellular migration in the host plant.

Exploration of cell wall architecture with the rapid-freeze deep-etch technique

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 128-129
Author(s):  
Béatrice Satiat-Jeunemaitre ◽  
Chris Hawes
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Molecular Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
Plant Cell Walls

The comprehension of the molecular architecture of plant cell walls is one of the best examples in cell biology which illustrates how developments in microscopy have extended the frontiers of a topic. Indeed from the first electron microscope observation of cell walls it has become apparent that our understanding of wall structure has advanced hand in hand with improvements in the technology of specimen preparation for electron microscopy. Cell walls are sub-cellular compartments outside the peripheral plasma membrane, the construction of which depends on a complex cellular biosynthetic and secretory activity (1). They are composed of interwoven polymers, synthesised independently, which together perform a number of varied functions. Biochemical studies have provided us with much data on the varied molecular composition of plant cell walls. However, the detailed intermolecular relationships and the three dimensional arrangement of the polymers in situ remains a mystery. The difficulty in establishing a general molecular model for plant cell walls is also complicated by the vast diversity in wall composition among plant species.

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