scholarly journals Ion-exchange chromatography of a dinucleotide preparation from controlled alkaline hydrolysis of ribonucleic acids

1969 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimihiko Satoh ◽  
Yasuo Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Ribonucleic Acids ◽  
Alkaline Hydrolysate ◽  
Chromatographic Procedure ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Dowex 1

With the aim of preparing the 16 possible ribodinucleotides derived from the four principal ribonucleotides, we made a kinetic study to determine the optimum conditions for a partial alkaline hydrolysis of RNA. Satisfactory results were obtained when the hydrolysis of RNA (1g.) in 0·2m-sodium hydroxide (100ml.) at 37° was ceased approx. 10min. after the start of the reaction. The relative yields of the monomer, dimer and trimer fractions were approx. 41:30:15 in E260 units, indicating that the reaction conditions were reasonably close to those required from kinetic considerations. The partial alkaline hydrolysate was chromatographed on a column of DEAE-Sephadex A-25 in the presence of 7m-urea. The dinucleotide fraction thus obtained was subjected to a subsequent chromatography on Dowex 1 (X2) under acidic conditions to separate the mixture according to base composition and base sequence. The results were satisfactory, and most of the 32 dinucleotides [i.e. 16 XpYp(3′) plus 16 XpYp(2′)] were fractionated by this single chromatographic procedure. The present method should be useful for further study of oligonucleotides as a time-saving method for the simultaneous preparation of a variety of dinucleotides. Further, examination of the present chromatographic pattern has provided several empirical criteria useful for the identification of oligonucleotides other than dimers appearing in the elution profile of Dowex 1 (X2) column chromatography under similar conditions.

scholarly journals Kinetic Evidence for Near Irreversible Nonionic Micellar Entrapment ofN-(2′-Methoxyphenyl)phthalimide (1) under the Typical Alkaline Reaction Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
M. Niyaz Khan ◽  
Yoke-Leng Sim ◽  
Azhar Ariffin
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Analysis ◽  
Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
First Order ◽  
Order Rate ◽  
Alkaline Reaction ◽  
Pseudo First Order ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The values of pseudo-first-order rate constants (kobs) for alkaline hydrolysis of1, obtained at 1.0 mM NaOH and withinCmEnT(total concentration ofCmEn) range of 3.0–5.0 mM forC12E23and 10–20 mM forC18E20, fail to obey pseudophase micellar (PM) model. The values of the fraction of near irreversibleCmEnmicellar trapped1molecules (FIT1) vary in the range ~0–0.75 forC12E23and ~0–0.83 forC18E20under such conditions. The values ofFIT1become 1.0 at ≥10 mMC12E23and 50 mMC18E20. Kinetic analysis of the observed data at ≥10 mMC12E23shows near irreversible micellar entrapment of1molecules under such conditions.

scholarly journals Structural studies of a mannitol teichoic acid from the cell wall of bacterium N.C.T.C. 9742

1985 ◽  
Vol 226 (2) ◽  
pp. 587-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
W J Anderton ◽  
S G Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Hydroxy Group ◽  
Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Paper Electrophoresis ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Brevibacterium Linens ◽  
Brevibacterium Epidermis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Degradative and n.m.r.-spectroscopic studies have been carried out on a novel mannitol teichoic acid extracted from the cell wall of bacterium N.C.T.C. 9742, for which the name Brevibacterium iodinum has been proposed. The backbone of the polymer is a poly(D-mannitol phosphate) containing 1--6 phosphodiester linkages. In most residues, pyruvic acid is acetal-linked to positions 4 and 5 of the mannitol. About half of the mannitol residues carry a beta-D-glucopyranosyl substituent at position 2. The glucosylmannitol was isolated and thoroughly characterized. At least 24 products were detected by ion-exchange chromatography and paper electrophoresis after alkaline hydrolysis of the polymer. Not all of these products could be identified. The main mechanistic pathways for depolymerization by the cleavage of phosphodiester linkages during alkaline hydrolysis involved (a) participation by the 2-hydroxy group and a cyclic phosphodiester intermediate (leading to a series of mannitol-based products) and (b) participation by the 3-hydroxy group in the cyclization of mannitol (leading to a series of products based on 1,4-anhydromannitol). The presence of glycerol phosphates in hydrolysates could be ascribed either to a linkage unit or to a separate glycerol teichoic acid. The mannitol teichoic acid was absent from the cell walls of Brevibacterium linens and Brevibacterium epidermis (one strain of each was examined).

The Mechanism of the Alkaline Hydrolysis of Ribonucleic Acids

1954 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 2871-2872 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lipkin ◽  
Preston T. Talbert ◽  
Mildred Cohn
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽  
Ribonucleic Acids ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

scholarly journals Aqueous Medium Preparation of Dialkyldiselenides

SynOpen ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 0229-0233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapasi Manna ◽  
Anup Misra
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Medium ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽  
Alkyl Halides ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Medium Preparation

One-pot, two-step reaction conditions have been developed for the preparation of dialkyl diselenides by the treatment of alkyl halides with potassium selenocyanate followed by alkaline hydrolysis of the in situ generated alkyl selenocyanate in water. The reaction is reasonably fast and the yields of the products were very good. Several functional groups present in the substrates were unaffected under the reaction conditions.

scholarly journals The Hydrolysis of Phosphinates and Phosphonates: A Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2840
Author(s):  
Nikoletta Harsági ◽  
György Keglevich
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽  
Biologically Active Compounds ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Phosphonic Acids ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Phosphinic and phosphonic acids are useful intermediates and biologically active compounds which may be prepared from their esters, phosphinates and phosphonates, respectively, by hydrolysis or dealkylation. The hydrolysis may take place both under acidic and basic conditions, but the C-O bond may also be cleaved by trimethylsilyl halides. The hydrolysis of P-esters is a challenging task because, in most cases, the optimized reaction conditions have not yet been explored. Despite the importance of the hydrolysis of P-esters, this field has not yet been fully surveyed. In order to fill this gap, examples of acidic and alkaline hydrolysis, as well as the dealkylation of phosphinates and phosphonates, are summarized in this review.

Influence of medium on alkaline hydrolysis of succinic acid monomethyl and monopropyl esters

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 2873-2882
Author(s):  
Vladislav Holba ◽  
Ján Benko
Keyword(s):  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽  
Specific Interactions ◽  
Nonaqueous Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The kinetics of alkaline hydrolysis of succinic acid monomethyl and monopropyl esters were studied in mixed aqueous-nonaqueous media at various temperatures and ionic strengths. The results of measurements are discussed in terms of electrostatic and specific interactions between the reactants and other components of the reaction mixture. The kinetic parameters in the media under study are related to the influence of the cosolvent on the solvation sphere of the reactants.

Preparation of Organized Mesoporous Silica from Sodium Metasilicate Solutions in Alkaline Medium Using Nonionic Surfactants

2003 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2019-2031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markéta Zukalová ◽  
Jiří Rathouský ◽  
Arnošt Zukal
Keyword(s):  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Sodium Metasilicate ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Structure Directing Agent ◽  
Inorganic Species ◽  
Poly Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

A new procedure has been developed, which is based on homogeneous precipitation of organized mesoporous silica from an aqueous solution of sodium metasilicate and a nonionic poly(ethylene oxide) surfactant serving as a structure-directing agent. The decrease in pH, which induces the polycondensation of silica, is achieved by hydrolysis of ethyl acetate. Owing to the complexation of Na+ cations by poly(ethylene oxide) segments, assembling of the mesostructure appears to occur under electrostatic control by the S0Na+I- pathway, where S0 and I- are surfactant and inorganic species, respectively. As the complexation of Na+ cations causes extended conformation of poly(ethylene oxide) segments, the pore size and pore volume of organized mesoporous silica increase in comparison with materials prepared under neutral or acidic conditions. The assembling of particles can be fully separated from their solidification, which results in the formation of highly regular spherical particles of mesoporous silica.

Synthesis of Normuramic Acid Carba Analog and Its Glycopeptide Derivative Resistant to β-Elimination Splitting of the Side Chain

2000 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 1726-1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Ledvina ◽  
Radka Pavelová ◽  
Anna Rohlenová ◽  
Jan Ježek ◽  
David Šaman
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽  
Benzyl Ester ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Carba analogs of normuramic acid, i.e., 3-(benzyl 2-acetamido-2,3-dideoxy-4,6-O-isopropylidene-α-D-glucopyranosid-3-yl)propanoic acid derivatives (nitrile or esters) 3a-3c were prepared by addition of radicals generated from benzyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4,6-O-isopropylidene-3-O-[(methylsulfanyl)thiocarbonyl]- (2a) or -3-O-(phenoxythiocarbonyl)-α-D-glucopyranoside (2b) with Bu3SnH to acrylonitrile or acryl esters. Alkaline hydrolysis of ethyl ester 3c afforded 3-(benzyl 2-acetamido-2,3-dideoxy-4,6-O-isopropylidene-α-D-glucopyranosid-3-yl)propanoic acid (5). Coupling of acid 5 with L-2-aminobutanoyl-D-isoglutamine benzyl ester trifluoroacetate and subsequent deprotection of the intermediate 6 furnished N-[3-(2-acetamido-2,3-dideoxy-α-D-glucopyranosid-3-yl)propanoyl]-L-2-aminobutanoyl-D-isoglutamine (7).

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