scholarly journals Isolation of choline esters from aqueous solutions by extraction with sodium tetraphenylboron in organic solvents

1969 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Fonnum
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Choline Ester ◽  
Anion Exchange Resins ◽  
Choline Esters ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Sodium Tetraphenylboron ◽  
Exchange Resins

1. The method is based on the observation that choline esters and sodium tetraphenylboron (Kalignost) form complexes that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents such as nitriles, higher ketones and benzyl alcohol. 2. The extraction procedure is an example of liquid cation exchange where tetraphenylboron is the cation-exchange group. 3. The proportion of choline esters extracted depends on the type and total amount of cation in the aqueous phase and the amount of sodium tetraphenylboron in the organic solvent. 4. The proportion of choline esters extracted is independent of the choline ester concentration, the pH (between 8 and 3) and the relative volumes of the two phases. 5. The affinity of sodium tetraphenylboron for choline esters increases with an increase in the size of the acyl group. 6. The choline ester extracted can be released into an aqueous solution by treatment with strong acids, silver salts and anion-exchange resins.

scholarly journals High Performance Cation Exchange Membranes Synthesized via In-Situ Emulsion Polymerization Without Organic Solvents and Corrosive Acids

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanxue Jiang ◽  
Bradley P. Ladewig
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
High Performance ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Porous Support ◽  
Cation Exchange Resins ◽  
Scalable Synthesis ◽  
Exchange Resins

The synthesis of cation exchange membranes (CEMs) usually involves using organic solvents and/or sulfonation process. In this study, rapid and scalable synthesis of high performance CEMs is achieved without organic solvents and sulfonation. The synthesis is carried out via in-situ polymerization of lithium styrene sulfonate in porous support. Different preparation procedures are developed and optimized. Functional sulfonate groups were successfully loaded onto and into the membrane support, as verified by FTIR. Besides, water plays an important role during membrane synthesis. By reducing the amount of water used, the ratio of functional polymers to membrane support in the synthesized CEMs is increased. Therefore, the synthesized CEMs show increased ion exchange capacity (IEC). This is significant because it means that high IEC can be achieved without introducing cation exchange resins to the membranes. Finally, the synthesized membranes demonstrate excellent desalination performance, which is comparable to that of commercial membranes. This new methodology may shed new light on preparing CEMs in an efficient and eco-friendly way.

Design and Research of Spent Resin Conical Dryer Device

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Haifeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Vacuum Drying ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Anion Exchange Resins ◽  
Cation Exchange Resins ◽  
Exchange Resins ◽  
Spent Resin

This paper introduced the design and research of spent resin conical dryer which was based on the analysis of the thermal decomposition characteristics of resins. The drying experiment of non-radioactive cation exchange resins and anion exchange resins was also carried out in this study. The result showed that the water content of resins reduced from about 55%(wt) to 8.5%(wt) and the volume reduction ration reached 2.17 with a drying end temperature of 90°C, which preliminarily verified the feasibility of the vacuum drying process and conical dryer device for treating radioactive spent resins.

scholarly journals Use of ion exchange resins for tartrate wine stabilization

OENO One ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Mira ◽  
Patricia Leite ◽  
Jorge Manuel Ricardo-da-Silva ◽  
António Sérgio Curvelo-Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Anion Exchange Resins ◽  
Exchange Resins

<p style="text-align: justify;">The application of the cation exchange and double cation-anion exchange resins, regarding the wine tartrate stabilization, without previous treatment of wine by cold has been studied as well as their influence in phenolic, mineral and organic acid composition. The R1 resin was used in Mg2+, Na+ and H+ form, the R2 resin was always used in H+ form, and the R3 was used in OH- form. The eluted wine was assembled with untreated wine to obtain stable wine. The R2 resin showed to be more efficient to enhance the tartrate stabilization than R1 in Mg2+ form; however in H+ form, the behaviour of both resins was quite similar. The tartrate stabilization results to double cation anion exchange were similar to the results obtained with cation exchange.</p>

scholarly journals High Performance Cation Exchange Membranes Synthesized via In-Situ Emulsion Polymerization Without Organic Solvents and Corrosive Acids

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanxue Jiang ◽  
Bradley P. Ladewig
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
High Performance ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Porous Support ◽  
Cation Exchange Resins ◽  
Scalable Synthesis ◽  
Exchange Resins

The synthesis of cation exchange membranes (CEMs) usually involves using organic solvents and/or sulfonation process. In this study, rapid and scalable synthesis of high performance CEMs is achieved without organic solvents and sulfonation. The synthesis is carried out via in-situ polymerization of lithium styrene sulfonate in porous support. Different preparation procedures are developed and optimized. Functional sulfonate groups were successfully loaded onto and into the membrane support, as verified by FTIR. Besides, water plays an important role during membrane synthesis. By reducing the amount of water used, the ratio of functional polymers to membrane support in the synthesized CEMs is increased. Therefore, the synthesized CEMs show increased ion exchange capacity (IEC). This is significant because it means that high IEC can be achieved without introducing cation exchange resins to the membranes. Finally, the synthesized membranes demonstrate excellent desalination performance, which is comparable to that of commercial membranes. This new methodology may shed new light on preparing CEMs in an efficient and eco-friendly way.

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