scholarly journals The hybridization capacity of ribonucleic acid produced during hormone action

1968 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Wyatt ◽  
J. R. Tata
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Hormone Action ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Nuclear Rna ◽  
Ribosomal Precursor ◽  
Preferential Synthesis

1. Measurements of hybridization with homologous DNA were used to assess the nature of the RNA synthesized during hormone action in several systems. 2. When increasing amounts of pulse-labelled rat liver nuclear RNA were annealed with constant amounts of DNA, saturation was not achieved even with RNA/DNA ratios of up to 180:1, which is taken to indicate great diversity in the species of labelled RNA molecules. In the converse experiment, when the DNA/RNA ratio was varied up to 20:1, a plateau of hybridization was observed, and the non-hybridizing RNA is believed to represent chiefly ribosomal and ribosomal precursor species. 3. In the livers of hypophysectomized and thyroidectomized rats treated with growth hormone and tri-iodothyronine, and in whole Xenopus larvae during induced metamorphosis, the synthesis of non-hybridizing RNA was consistently stimulated more than that of hybridizing RNA. This is interpreted as reflecting preferential synthesis of ribosomal RNA in response to these hormones.

Effects of growth hormone on apolipoprotein-B (apoB) messenger ribonucleic acid editing, and apoB 48 and apoB 100 synthesis and secretion in the rat liver.

Endocrinology ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 3356-3364 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Sjöberg ◽  
J Oscarsson ◽  
K Boström ◽  
T L Innerarity ◽  
S Edén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Apolipoprotein B ◽  
Messenger Ribonucleic Acid

scholarly journals Large heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleic acid has three times as many 5' caps as polyadenylic acid segments, and most caps do not enter polyribosomes.

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Salditt-Georgieff ◽  
M M Harpold ◽  
M C Wilson ◽  
J E Darnell
Keyword(s):  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Chinese Hamster Cells ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Rapid Turnover ◽  
Polyadenylic Acid ◽  
Nuclear Rna ◽  
Unstable Molecules

The rate of synthesis in Chinese hamster cells of 5' cap structures, m7 GpppNmp, in large (greater than 700 bases) heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules is two to three times faster than the synthesis of 3'-terminal polyadenylic acid segments. As judged by presence of caps, newly synthesized polysomal messenger RNA, exclusive of messenger RNA the size of histone messenger RNA, is more than 90% in the polyadenylated category. It appears, therefore, that between half and two-thirds of the long capped heterogeneous nuclear RNA molecules do not contribute a capped polysomal derivative to the cytoplasm. There are capped, nonpolysomal, non-polyadenylated molecules with a rapid turnover rate that fractionate with the cytoplasm. These metabolically unstable molecules either could represent leakage into the cytoplasm during fractionation or could truly spend a brief time in the cytoplasm before decay.

scholarly journals Deoxyribonucleic acid–ribonucleic acid hybridization. Annealing and quantitative recovery of intact ribosomal ribonucleic acid molecules from hybrids

1969 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Fry ◽  
Michael Artman
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Cellulose Nitrate ◽  
Absolute Size ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Membrane Filters ◽  
Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid

A simple and efficient method for hybridization and subsequent recovery of non-fragmented ribosomal RNA from the hybrid is described. The procedure involves annealing of immobilized denatured DNA bound on cellulose nitrate membrane filters to complementary RNA in 50% (v/v) formamide–0·33m-potassium chloride–10mm-tris–hydrochloric acid buffer, pH7·4, at 33° for 3hr. Under these conditions no detectable changes in the sedimentation coefficients of the input RNA were detected. The RNA can subsequently be recovered quantitatively from the hybrid in intact form by incubating the filters in formamide or in 85% (v/v) dimethyl sulphoxide. The applicability of the method for the evaluation of the absolute size of ribosomal RNA cistrons in Escherichia coli DNA and for the determination of the size of messenger RNA molecules is discussed.

Differential Effects of Growth Hormone and Hydrocortisone on Nuclear RNA Synthesis in Rat Liver

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 853-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. K. Ip ◽  
Maurice Brossard
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Liver Nucleus ◽  
Double Labeling ◽  
Nuclear Rna Synthesis ◽  
Nuclear Rna ◽  
Liver Nuclei ◽  
Nucleolar Rna

RNA has been isolated and fractionated from rat liver nuclei by a sequence of salt extractions into four subfractions: namely nucleoplasmic, deoxyribonucleoprotein-associated, ribonucleoprotein-associated, and nucleolar fractions.Study of 14C-methyl-methionine labeling indicates that the nucleolar RNA fraction isolated by the present procedure is, in fact, of nucleolar origin while the other three fractions are essentially of extranucleolar origin.The effects of growth hormone and hydrocortisone on the nuclear RNA synthesis have been further studied using the present isolation and double-labeling techniques. Both hormones cause an increase in the incorporation of labeled orotic acid into all types of RNA in all four nuclear subfractions. However, the stimulatory effect of growth hormone is found mainly in the 18–28 S and 45–60 S regions of the nucleolar fraction and in regions of the entire gradient of the nucleoplasmic fraction, whereas the stimulatory effect of hydrocortisone is localized mainly in the 10–28 S regions of the nucleolar fraction and in the 4 S and 10–18 S regions of the ribonucleoprotein fraction.The present report suggests that there are qualitative as well as quantitative differences in the action of growth hormone and hydrocortisone on the synthesis of RNA in liver nucleus. The mode of action of the two hormones is discussed.

Metabolism of high molecular weight, polydisperse, rapidly labeled nuclear RNA in rat liver

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1497-1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Brossard ◽  
Louis Nicole
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Base Composition ◽  
Orotic Acid ◽  
Chromosomal Origin ◽  
Base Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Rna ◽  
Kinetics Of

Studies of the metabolism of rat liver RNA showed the existence of two species of rapidly labeled nuclear RNA: a 45 S preribosomal type of nucleolar origin, and a 6–50 S polydisperse RNA of chromosomal origin. The kinetics of labeling with orotic acid-14C and the nature of the latter RNA have been investigated. The following findings are reported, (1) This RNA is composed of at least four main classes of RNA having sedimentation coefficients of approximately 45, 35, 24, and 18 S. (2) Except for the 18 S class which seems to be an end product, the three other classes have a rapid turnover and do not appear to leave the nucleus. (3) Base analysis after 32P incorporation indicates that these four classes of RNA have a similar base composition with a G+C/A + U ratio in the range of 0.98–1.07, which resembles DNA more closely than ribosomal RNA. (4) The 6–50 S polydisperse RNA has a different metabolism than that of the 45 S preribosomal type and there is no precursor-to-product relationship between these two species of RNA.

THE INFLUENCE OF GROWTH HORMONE ON THE NUCLEIC ACID CONTENT OF RAT LIVER AND MUSCLE

1956 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
BARBARA J. GRAY
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Pituitary Growth Hormone

SUMMARY Adult female rats were treated with purified pituitary growth hormone for 9 days, and the nucleic acid content of the liver and skeletal muscle determined. An increase was observed in the concentration of muscle ribonucleic acid, expressed per gram of nitrogen, as a result of the treatment. There were no changes in the ribonucleic acid concentration of liver. No changes were observed in the concentration of deoxyribonucleic acid in muscle or liver.

scholarly journals RNA SYNTHESIS IN HELA CELLS

1970 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 734-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thoru Pederson ◽  
Elliott Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Selective Inhibition ◽  
Transfer Rna ◽  
Extracellular Medium ◽  
Hypertonic Medium ◽  
Nuclear Rna ◽  
Ribosomal Precursor

Interphase HeLa cells manifest a stepwise shutoff of RNA synthesis when the tonicity of the extracellular medium is gradually increased. Synthesis of heterogeneous nuclear RNA is most sensitive and is selectively inhibited at 1.5 times isotonicity (450 milliosmols/liter), while 45S ribosomal RNA synthesis is not affected significantly below 2.0 times isotonicity. Transfer RNA synthesis is least sensitive to increased osmolarity and is not completely inhibited until the electrolyte concentration of the medium is elevated to 2.8 times isotonicity. Although the transcription and methylation of 45S ribosomal precursor is unaffected at 1.5 times isotonicity, there is pronounced impairment of its processing into 32S and 18S RNA. Using a refined cell synchronization technique, we have been able to compare these effects of hypertonicity with the shutoff of RNA synthesis which occurs during the G2-prophase interval of the cell division cycle. In this case, as with random cells in hypertonic medium, a selective inhibition of heterogeneous nuclear RNA synthesis and slowed processing of 45S ribosomal RNA were found, whereas synthesis of 45S and transfer RNA continued unabated throughout G2-prophase. While it is known that RNA synthesis essentially ceases during metaphase, we have noted that transfer RNA synthesis continues in metaphase at 10–15% of the interphase rate, which is of particular interest in view of the relative resistance of this species to hypertonicity. The close correlation between the patterns of cessation of RNA synthesis at mitosis and during exposure to hypertonic medium supports our earlier contention that alteration of intracellular electrolyte levels provides a useful model for studying the mechanism of mitosis.

scholarly journals Nucleolar 4s ribonucleic acid in dipteran salivary glands in the presence of inhibitor

1968 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Sirlin ◽  
U E Loening
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Transfer Rna ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Nuclear Rna

1. Salivary glands of insect larvae accumulate newly made transfer RNA in the nucleolus when maintained in the presence of nucleoside antagonists that inhibit RNA synthesis preferentially at the chromosome. 2. The nucleus contains precursor transfer RNA, which, on the basis of the general evidence, may originate in the chromosome and then be methylated in the nucleolus. 3. The maturation of precursor ribosomal RNA is blocked in the nucleolus during inhibition. 4. The transport of nuclear RNA to cytoplasm is also blocked. 5. It is suggested that, if the transfer RNA accumulated in the nucleolus does indeed originate in the chromosome, the accumulation may result from the blockage of an obligatory transient association of the RNA with the nucleolus.

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