scholarly journals The effect of vitamin A and other dietary constituents on the activity of adenosine triphosphate sulphurylase

1968 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Levi ◽  
S. Geller ◽  
D. M. Root ◽  
G. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Liver Protein ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Atp Sulphurylase

1. ATP sulphurylase was assayed in various organs from vitamin A-deficient and pair-fed control rats at different stages of deficiency. Activity decreased slightly in the liver and markedly in the adrenal gland. Striking differences in liver activity were observed between pair-fed control and ad libitum-fed animals. This observation suggested that diet (apart from vitamin A) strongly influenced the activity of ATP sulphurylase. 2. Total starvation caused a severe decrease in activity in liver within 48hr. This was due to a lack of protein intake. 3. By feeding groups of vitamin A-deficient and pair-fed control rats on a diet containing 80% protein, the specific activity of the liver ATP sulphurylase was maintained in the pair-fed control group at the normal level of an ad libitum-fed rat, whereas it decreased by 25% (statistically significant at P<0·01) in the deficient rat. On a 20%-protein diet, there were no significant differences between vitamin A-deficient and pair-fed control rats. These relationships held also for enzyme activity expressed per g. of liver, per total liver and per g. of DNA. There were no differences in liver protein or DNA concentration between vitamin A-deficient and control rats on either protein intake. 4. Control rats on a 20%-protein diet had liver specific enzyme activities about one-half of those in control rats on an 80%-protein diet, as well as lower liver protein concentrations. 5. It is concluded that, when the effect of protein deprivation on ATP sulphurylase is separated from the effect of vitamin A deficiency, a lowering of the enzyme activity caused by the vitamin deficiency is demonstrable.

Retinol, α-Tocopherol and Vitamin D3 in White MuscleDisease

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 6029-2018
Author(s):  
HANDAN MERT ◽  
SERKAN YİLDİRİM ◽  
IBRAHİM HAKKİ YORUK ◽  
KİVANC IRAK ◽  
BAHAT COMBA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
White Muscle Disease ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins

Vitamins are essential for the health of all living organisms. Vitamins E, A, D and K are known as fat-soluble vitamins, and deprivation of vitamin E causes various disorders, especially in the reproduction and cardiovascular systems and in muscle functions. Vitamin A, on the other hand, has roles in various biological functions – like eyesight – and the growth, reproduction and differentiation of epithelial cells. Vitamin A deficiency leads to the keratinization of the epithelium, and disorders related to the metaplasies of the genital and genitourinary systems. Conversely, vitamin D is defined as a pro-hormone and is responsible for Cahomeostasis, and thus indirectly affects the bone metabolism, bone structure, and cellular and neural functions of Ca. White muscle disease (WMD) can occur in newborn lambs, but is more commonly seen in lambs of up to 3 months of age. In this study, 30 lambs of 3 to 50-days-old from different flocks diagnosed with White Muscle Disease (WMD) were selected as research material, while the control group consisted of 8 healthy lambs. With the aim of clarifying the cause of WMD, serum fat-soluble vitamins, retinol, α-tocopherol and vitamin D3 levels were determined in 16 lambs. Gluteal and heart musclet issue samples also were taken from 30 lambs with WMD. The vitamin levels of the samples were analysed by HPLC. The levels of serum α-tocopherol, retinols, and vitamin D3 were foundto be low in the diseased animals, but only retinol (p<0.001) and α-tocopherol (p<0.0011) level differences were statistically relevant. Macroscopically, Zenker’s necrosis was determined in the heart muscles of 17 lambs, and in the gluteal and chest muscles of 6 lambs. 7 lambs displayed necrosis in both their heart and in gluteal muscles. The samples were analyzed microscopically to reach similar findings: swollen homogeneous pink muscles, pycnotic nuclei, and hyperaemic and haemorrhagic blood vessels in gluteal, chest and heart muscles. Hyaline degeneration and Zenker's necrosis, dystrophic regions in necrotic areas, cc was detected as a severe disease in lambs at an early stage of life with advanced degeneration in different muscle tissues. Deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins was also detected in the sick animals. Control group lambs had higher levels of α tocopherol and retinol (p<0.001) compared to the sick lambs. .

Vitamin A deficiency regulates the expression of ferritin in young male Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio RESTREPO-GALLEGO ◽  
Luis Eduardo DÍAZ ◽  
Juan David OSPINA-VILLA ◽  
Danny CHINCHILLA-CÁRDENAS
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Transferrin Receptors ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

ABSTRACT Objective Iron deficiency and vitamin A deficiency are two of the main micronutrient deficiencies. Both micronutrients are essential for human life and children's development. This study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin A deficiency on ferritin and transferrin receptors' expression and its relationship with iron deficiency. Methods Five diets with different vitamin A-to-iron ratios were given to thirty five 21-day-old male Wistar rats (separated in groups of seven animals each). The animals received the diet for six weeks before being euthanized. Serum iron and retinol levels were measured as biochemical parameters. Their duodenums, spleens, and livers were analyzed for the expression of ferritin and transferrin receptors by Western Blotting. Results Regarding biochemical parameters, the results show that when both vitamin A and iron are insufficient, the serum iron content (74.74µg/dL) is significantly lower than the control group (255.86µg/dL). The results also show that vitamin A deficiency does not influence the expression of the transferrin receptor, but only of the ferritin one. Conclusion Vitamin A deficiency regulates the expression of ferritin in young male Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Clinical and Head Ultrasound Findings in Neonates after Administration of High Dose of Vitamin A

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 197-208
Author(s):  
R M Nurrachim ◽  
Ali Usman ◽  
Sjarif Hidajat ◽  
Dedi Subardja ◽  
Tina Agoestina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Cranial Ultrasound ◽  
Ultrasound Findings

Vitamin A deficiency is a major cause of blindness and severe morbidity and mortality in young children. Supplementation of vitamin A in the community might reduce child mortality rates. The safety of high dose of vitamin A administered to neonates is not clear. We randomized 2058 neonates to receive either a single dose of 50 000 IU oral vitamin A (n=l031) or placebo (n=l027). Bulging fontanel and head circumference were assessed before and throughout 48 hours following dosing. Cranial ultrasound examination was carried out in 972 infants before and 24 hours after dosing to rule out intracranial hemorrhage and determine resistive index (Rl) of the anterior cerebral artery. Slight bulging fontanel occurred in 2. 7% and 4.4% of the infants at 24 hours. Moderate bulging fontanel was seen in 0.1% of study group, no severe bulging was observed. At 48 hours slight bulging fontanel was observed in 2.4% of control group and 4.5% in study group. No intracranial hemorrhage was found. Mean RI values were normal in both groups at baseline or 24 hours. Bulging fontanel was not associated with increased signs or symptom, or with increase in RI. Single oral dose of 50 000 vitamin A may cause a small increase in intracranial volume in a small proportion of infants, without increase in intracranial pressure.

scholarly journals Vitamin A-Deficient Diet Accelerated Atherogenesis in Apolipoprotein E−/−Mice and Dietaryβ-Carotene Prevents This Consequence

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noa Zolberg Relevy ◽  
Dror Harats ◽  
Ayelet Harari ◽  
Ami Ben-Amotz ◽  
Rafael Bitzur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesion ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Aortic Sinus

Vitamin A is involved in regulation of glucose concentrations, lipid metabolism, and inflammation, which are major risk factors for atherogenesis. However, the effect of vitamin A deficiency on atherogenesis has not been investigated. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to examine whether vitamin A deficiency accelerates atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (apoE−/−). ApoE−/−mice were allocated into the following groups: control, fed vitamin A-containing chow diet; BC, fed chow diet fortified withDunaliellapowder containingβc isomers; VAD, fed vitamin A-deficient diet; and VAD-BC group, fed vitamin A-deficient diet fortified with aDunaliellapowder. Following 15 weeks of treatment, liver retinol concentration had decreased significantly in the VAD group to about 30% that of control group. Vitamin A-deficient diet significantly increased both plasma cholesterol concentrations and the atherosclerotic lesion area at the aortic sinus (+61%) compared to the control group. Dietaryβc fortification inhibited the elevation in plasma cholesterol and retarded atherogenesis in mice fed the vitamin A-deficient diet. The results imply that dietary vitamin A deficiency should be examined as a risk factor for atherosclerosis and that dietaryβc, as a sole source of retinoids, can compensate for vitamin A deficiency.

scholarly journals Effect of biscuits fortified with different doses of vitamin A on indices of vitamin A status, haemoglobin and physical growth levels of pre-school children in Chongqing

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1462-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Zhang ◽  
Ke Chen ◽  
Ping Qu ◽  
You-Xue Liu ◽  
Ting-Yu Li
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
School Children ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Doses

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of biscuits fortified with different doses of vitamin A on improving vitamin A deficiency (VAD), anaemia and physical growth of pre-school children.DesignA randomised double-masked population-based field interventional trial with a positive control group.SettingBanan district of Chongqing, China.SubjectsA total of 580 pre-school children aged 3–6 years were randomly recruited into four groups. Children in groups I and II were given biscuits fortified with vitamin A at 30 % of the recommended daily intake (RDA) and 100 % of the RDA once a day for 9 and 3 months, respectively. Children in group III received biscuits containing 20 000 IU of vitamin A once a week for 3 months. Initially, the children in group IV received a 200 000 IU vitamin A capsule just once. At the beginning and end of the study, blood samples were collected to measure Hb, serum retinol, retinol-binding protein and prealbumin, and weight and height were measured.ResultsAll the fortification types significantly decreased the prevalence of VAD and anaemia in each group (P < 0·05). The effect of 9-month intervention on group I was the most efficient (P < 0·0045). After intervention, the Z-scores of height-for-age, weight-for-age and weight-for-height in all groups increased markedly compared with baseline (P < 0·05), but no significant difference was observed among the groups.ConclusionsData indicated that consuming vitamin A-fortified biscuits with daily 100 % RDA for 3 months has the same effect on the improvement of VAD, anaemia and physical growth as did the weekly 20 000 IU and single 200 000 IU administration in pre-school children.

scholarly journals Lysozyme activity in plasma and leucocytes in malnourished children

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mohanram ◽  
Vinodini Reddy ◽  
S. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Lysozyme Activity ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Resistance To Infection ◽  
Ocular Signs

1. Lysozyme activity was estimated in plasma and leucocytes of twelve children suffering from kwashiorkor, thirteen children with ocular signs of vitamin A deficiency and ten apparently normal children acting as controls.2. The results showed that the activity of lysozyme in leucocytes was significantly reduced in children with kwashiorkor and in vitamin A-deficient children. Following therapy, the levels of the enzyme in leucocytes were restored to normal.3. The initial enzyme activity in the plasma of both groups of children did not differ significantly from the control value, and was not significantly changed after treatment.4. It is suggested that the decreased activity of lysozyme is one of the factors responsible for diminished resistance to infection generally observed in malnourished children.

scholarly journals Penambahan Vitamin A Meningkatkan Kapasitas Antioksidan Air Kelapa Muda : Studi Eksperimental pada Tikus yang dipapar Asap Rokok

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Stefani Harum Sari ◽  
Ratnawati ◽  
Joko Wahyu Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Ad Libitum

Latar belakang: Stress oksidatif merupakan mekanisme jejas sel akibat paparan asap rokok. Suplementasi antioksidan berupa bahan makanan yang mengandung bioaktif maupun mikronutrien diharapkan mampu mencegah kerusakan sel dan memperbaiki kerusakan pada tingkat seluler. Vitamin A dan air kelapa muda berpotensi sebagai antioksidan untuk menurunkan tingkat stres oksidatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kapasitas antioksidan kombinasi vitamin A dan air kelapa muda dalam menurunkan tingkat stres oksidatif akibat paparan asap rokok. Metode: Penelitian eksperimental dengan desain post test only control group, jumlah subyek penelitian 24 ekor tikus wistar jantan yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok secara acak. Kelompok 1 : pakan standar, kelompok 2 : pakan standar + paparan asap rokok, kelompok 3 : pakan standar + paparan asap rokok + air kelapa muda 8mL/ekor/hari, dan kelompok 4 mendapat pakan standar + paparan asap rokok+ air kelapa muda 8 mL/ ekor/hari+ vitamin A 108 IU/200 gBB/hari, Jenis pakan standar AD II sebanyak 20 g/ ekor/ hari, minum ad libitum. Lama penelitian 14 hari. Pemeriksaan kadar MDA dengan metode TBARS. Hasil: Rerata kadar MDA ( nmol/mL) kel. 1: 1,54 ± 0,21, kel. 2 : 9,77 ± 0,32, kel. 3: 3,77 ± 0,13, dan kel 4: 2,29 ± 0,34, setelah dilakukan uji anova didapatkan nilai p= 0,001. Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan rerata kadar MDA kelompok tikus yang mendapat vitamin A dan air kelapa muda dibandingkan kelompok yang hanya air kelapa muda.

scholarly journals Clinical benefits of vitamin A supplementation in infants and children with severe pneumonia

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Prisca T. ◽  
J. S. Lisal ◽  
Azis Tanra ◽  
Dasril Daud
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Systemic Complications ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Clinical Benefits

Background About 190 million preschool children living indeveloping countries are at risk of vitamin A deficiency. VitaminA deficiency and acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) are publichealth problems in developing countries. Children with vitaminA deficiency are more susceptible to measles, respiratory tractinfection, and other infections. Some studies show that vitaminA supplements may reduce the severity of respiratory tractinfection and other systemic complications of measles, anddiarrhea.Objective To evaluate the effect of vitamin A supplementation ininfants and children with severe pneumonia.Methods The study was a randomized trial on children with severepneumonia. Participants were randomly assigned to either receivevitamin A in addition to standard treatment (Group A), orstandard treatment alone (Group C). Time to achieve the normalrespiratory rate, time to achieve disappearance of subcostalretractions and fine rales were compared between the 2 groups.Result There was no significant difference in the achievement ofnormal respiratory rate between the vitamin group and the controlgroup (3.08 days vs 3.29 days). There was also no significantdifference in the disappearance of subcostal retractions amongthe two groups (2.30 days vs 2.48 days). However, there wassignificant difference in the disappearance of fine rales betweenthe two groups. The disappearance of fine rales in the vitamin Agroup occurred earlier (mean 3.72 days) than in the control group(mean 4.04 days) (P<0.01).Conclusions This study indicates that no significant difference inthe achievement of normal respiratory rate and disappearance ofsubcostal retractions between the vitamin A group as comparedto the control group, but there was a significant difference in thedisappearance of fine rales between two groups.

scholarly journals Identification of Competing Endogenous RNA Regulatory Networks in Vitamin A Deficiency-Induced Congenital Scoliosis by Transcriptome Sequencing Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 2134-2146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Chen ◽  
Haining Tan ◽  
Jiaqi Bi ◽  
Zheng Li ◽  
Tianhua Rong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Congenital Scoliosis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Competing Endogenous Rna ◽  
Expression Levels

Background/Aims: Congenital scoliosis (CS) is a result of anomalous development of vertebrae and is frequently associated with somitogenesis malformation. Although noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been recently determined to be involved in the pathogenesis of CS, the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks in CS remain largely unknown. Methods: Sequencing was conducted to explore the ncRNA expression profiles in rat embryos (gestation day 9) following vitamin A deficiency (VAD) (n = 9 for the vitamin A deficiency-induced congenital scoliosis (VAD-CS) group and n = 4 for the control group). Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted to verify the expression levels of selected mRNAs, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs). Bioinformatics analysis was used to discover the possible relationships and functions of the ceRNAs. Results: A total of 749 mRNAs, 56 miRNAs, 685 lncRNAs, and 70 circRNAs were identified to have significantly different expression levels in the two groups. Wnt, PI3K-ATK, FoxO, EGFR, and mTOR were found to be the most significant pathways involved in VAD-CS pathogenesis. The circRNA/miRNA/mRNA and lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA networks of CS were built, and the gene expression mechanisms regulated by ncRNAs were unveiled via the ceRNA regulatory networks. Conclusion: We comprehensively identified ceRNA regulatory networks of embryonic somite development in VAD-CS as well as revealed the contribution of different ncRNA expression profiles. Our data demonstrate the association between mRNAs and ncRNAs in the pathogenic mechanism of CS.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document