scholarly journals Factors affecting the premature induction of tyrosine aminotransferase in foetal rat liver

1968 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Holt ◽  
I. T. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Tyrosine Aminotransferase ◽  
Premature Delivery ◽  
Aminotransferase Activity ◽  
Foetal Development ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Foetal Liver ◽  
Amino Acid Analogues ◽  
Lag Period

1. Premature delivery of foetal rats by uterine section results in the rapid appearance of tyrosine aminotransferase activity in foetal liver, after an initial lag period of 3–6hr. 2. The premature induction of activity is completely repressible by actinomycin D given soon after delivery and partially repressible by puromycin and amino acid analogues. 3. Glucagon injections into foetal rats in utero lead to production of tyrosine aminotransferase in the foetal liver, but adrenalin and nor-adrenalin are without effect. 4. Injections of glucose, galactose, fructose and mannose into prematurely delivered rats repress the development of tyrosine aminotransferase activity about 50% when they are given 2hr. after delivery, but glucose has no significant effect when injected at delivery. 5. The results are discussed in relation to current hypotheses on the role of hormones in enzyme induction in foetal development.

scholarly journals Tyrosine aminotransferase induction in hepatocytes cultured from rat foetuses treated with dexamethasone in utero

1979 ◽  
Vol 180 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
G C T Yeoh ◽  
T Arbuckle ◽  
I T Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Tyrosine Aminotransferase ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Aminotransferase Activity ◽  
Foetal Liver ◽  
Translational Block ◽  
Cells Cultured ◽  
Specific Mrna

1. The administration of dexamethasone to foetal rats in utero does not result in the appearance of specific tyrosine aminotransferase activity even after 24 h. 2. When foetal hepatocytes are cultured in vitro from animals treated in utero with dexamethasone, significantly higher activities of specific tyrosine aminotransferase are found than in untreated controls. 3. Dexamethasone in vitro induces specific tyrosine aminotransferase in cells cultured from control animals and the effect is maximal at 10 nM in the culture medium. 4. Actinomycin D at 0.2 microgram/ml in the culture medium completely prevents the induction of activity in vitro. 5. In cultures established from animals treated with dexamethasone in utero, the increase in specific tyrosine aminotransferase activity over the control cultures is only marginally decreased in the presence of actinomycin D. 6. The results can be interpreted to mean that dexamethasone in utero stimulates the transcription of enzyme-specific mRNA, which is not rranslated until a translational block in the foetal liver is removed by the conditions of culture in vitro.

scholarly journals Role of adrenaline and cyclic AMP in appearance of tyrosine aminotransferase in perinatal rat liver

1980 ◽  
Vol 190 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
A V Ghisalberti ◽  
J G Steele ◽  
M H Cake ◽  
M C McGrath ◽  
I T Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Tyrosine Aminotransferase ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Aminotransferase Activity ◽  
Dibutyryl Cyclic Amp ◽  
Old Rats

1. Adrenaline increased hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase activity when injected into foetal rats or 2-day-old rats. 2. The inhibition of the postnatal increase in tyrosine aminotransferase activity which occurred in adrenalectomized newborn rats rapidly overcome by injection of adrenaline or dibutyryl cyclic AMP. 3. The effects of adrenaline or dibutyryl cyclic AMP on the tyrosine aminotransferase activity in foetal, adrenalectomized newborn and 2-day-old rats could be partially or completely blocked by prior treatment with actinomycin D. 4. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP induced tyrosine aminotransferase activity in hepatocytes cultured from 15-day foetal rats in glucocorticoid-free medium. 5. Actinomycin D at 0.2 microgram/ml in the culture medium completely prevented the induction of tyrosine aminotransferase activity by dibutyryl cyclic AMP in cultured cells. 6. The results suggest that adrenaline and cyclic AMP stimulate a transcriptional event during induction of tyrosine aminotransferase in perinatal liver.

scholarly journals Biphasic effect of acute ethanol administration on rat liver tyrosine-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity

1980 ◽  
Vol 186 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
A A B Badawy ◽  
B M Snape ◽  
M Evans
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Tyrosine Aminotransferase ◽  
Ethanol Metabolism ◽  
Ethanol Administration ◽  
Aminotransferase Activity ◽  
Biphasic Effect ◽  
Initial Decrease ◽  
Acute Ethanol

1. Acute ethanol administration causes a biphasic change in rat liver tyrosine aminotransferase activity. 2. The initial decrease is significant with a 200 mg/kg dose of ethanol, is prevented by adrenoceptor-blocking agnets and by reserpine, but not by inhibitors of ethanol metabolism, and exhibits many of the characteristics of the inhibition caused by noradrenaline. 3. The subsequent enhancement of the enzyme activity by ethanol is not associated with stabilization of the enzyme, but is sensitive to actinomycin D and cycloheximide. 4. It is suggested that the initial decrease in aminotransferase activity is caused by the release of catecholamines, whereas the subsequent enhancement may be related to the release of glucocorticoids.

scholarly journals The effect of cytosine arabinoside and bromodeoxyuridine on the appearance of tyrosine aminotransferase in cultured foetal hepatocytes of the rat

1980 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 929-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
G C Yeoh ◽  
I T Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Cytosine Arabinoside ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Tyrosine Aminotransferase ◽  
Aminotransferase Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Foetal Liver ◽  
Foetal Rat

1. The acquisition of dexamethasone-inducibility of tyrosine aminotransferase activity by hepatocytes cultured from 15-day-foetal rat liver is blocked in the presence of cytosine arabinoside. 2. Similar results are obtained in the presence of bormodeoxyuridine. 3. No effects on steroid-inducibility of tyrosine aminotransferase are obtained with either of the above compounds in hepatocytes cultured from 19-day-foetal liver. 4. the inhibitory effects of the agents are substantially reversed after their removal from the culture medium. 5. The effects of bromodeoxyuridine suggest that cell differentiation, with respect to tyrosine aminotransferase-inducibility, occurs in cultures of 15-day-doetal hepatocytes. 6. The effects of cytosine arabinoside suggest that such an event is dependent on mitosis.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the premature induction of phosphopyruvate carboxylase in neonatal rat liver

1968 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Yeung ◽  
I. T. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Enzyme Synthesis ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Carboxylase Activity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Glucose Injection ◽  
Enzyme Development ◽  
Amino Acid Analogues

1. Phosphopyruvate carboxylase activity rapidly appears in the liver of prematurely delivered rats and development of activity is prevented by injection of actinomycin D just before delivery. 2. The activity is considerably decreased by puromycin and amino acid analogues and thus appears to be due to enzyme synthesis. 3. Newborn or premature animals show a transient intense phase of hypoglycaemia after delivery. 4. When the hypoglycaemic phase is prevented by glucose injection little phosphopyruvate carboxylase activity appears in the liver, but galactose, mannose and fructose, which have no effect on the blood glucose concentration, also repress enzyme development. 5. Lactate, pyruvate and glycerol injections repress the premature development of phosphopyruvate carboxylase. 6. Injections of glucagon, adrenalin and noradrenalin into the rat foetus in utero result in development of phosphopyruvate carboxylase activity. 7. These findings are discussed in relation to the mechanism of initiation of enzyme synthesis in neonatal rat liver.

scholarly journals Effect of environmental stress of low pressure on tyrosine aminotransferase and phenylalanine 4-hydroxylase activities in the rat

1975 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A A Namboodiri ◽  
T Ramasarma
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Phenylalanine Hydroxylase ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Tyrosine Aminotransferase ◽  
Aminotransferase Activity ◽  
Hydroxylase Activity ◽  
Environmental Pressure ◽  
Pressure Decrease

1. Tyrosine aminotransferase activity in the liver increased about fourfold after 9h, on exposure of rats to stress of low pressure. 2. The phenylalanine hydroxylase activity increased about 60% on exposure for 24h or more. 3. An environmental pressure decrease of about 0.033 MN/m2 is needed to increase the activity of tyrosine aminotransferase. 4. Adrenalectomy completely abolished the increase in activity of tyrosine aminotransferase obtained on exposure to low pressure. 5. Treatment with cycloheximide or actinomycin D prevented the increase in activity of tyrosine aminotransferase. 6. Treatment with cycloheximide at the early part of exposure to stress prevented the increase in activity of phenylalanine hydroxylase obtained after 24h.

Researching the factors influencing the satisfaction of master students at VNU School of Interdisciplinary Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Do Huy Thuong ◽  
Nguyen Thi Phuong Hong
Keyword(s):  
Service Industry ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
Number Of Solutions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Training Institutions ◽  
Market Needs ◽  
Market Strategies ◽  
Students Satisfaction ◽  
Training Service

Improving the quality in order to keep up with the trend in the world is the vital task of training institutions today. Training institutions need to grasp market needs and satisfy the requirements of customers - learners. Nadiri, H., Kandampully, J & Hussain, K. (2009) argue that the managers in education need to apply market strategies that are being used by manufacturing and business enterprises and need to be aware that the role of training institutions is a service industry which is responsible for satisfying learner needs (Elliott & Shin, 2002). Currently, there have been many researches on students’ satisfaction. However, each research has its own objectives and is conducted on different scales. This study is implemented to provide information about the factors affecting master students’ satisfaction with the training service at VNU School of Interdisciplinary Studies (VNU SIS). Through it, the research offers a number of solutions to improving the satisfaction level of the master students at VNU SIS in the coming time.

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