scholarly journals Carotenoids in floral parts of a narcissus, a daffodil and a tulip

1968 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. G. Valadon ◽  
Rosemary S. Mummery
Keyword(s):  
Carotenoid Pigments ◽  
Floral Part ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Quantitative Distribution ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
King Alfred

1. The qualitative and quantitative distribution of carotenoids of the floral parts of three monocotyledons, the narcissus Scarlet Elegance, the daffodil King Alfred and the tulip Golden Harvest, were studied. β-Carotene, lutein or epoxy-β-carotenes were usually the main pigments, depending on the floral part and on the flower. When β-carotene was the major pigment there were only small amounts of, or sometimes no, epoxycarotenes. 2. Anthers, stigmas and styles of the three flowers did not possess any specific carotenoids but in some cases contained appreciable amounts of epoxycarotenoids. The possibility that these take part in reproduction is discussed. 3. The generalization that yellow flowers contained large amounts of xanthophylls and only traces of carotenes, whereas deep-orange flowers seemed to be characterized by the presence of large amounts of one carotene, was not always the correct one. It is suggested that the floral parts are yellow or orange depending on what carotenoids are present, which is the major one and the amount of total carotenoids, and also on the presence of other non-carotenoid pigments. 4. Two new probable isomers of 5,6:5′,6′-diepoxy-β-carotene were isolated and found together in various floral parts of the tulip Golden Harvest.

Effect of Aeration on the Production of Carotenoid Pigments by Rhodotorula rubra-lactobacillus casei Subsp. casei Co-Cultures in Whey Ultrafiltrate

2003 ◽  
Vol 58 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilina D. Simova ◽  
Ginka I. Frengova ◽  
Dora M. Beshkova
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Carotenoid Pigments ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Rhodotorula Rubra ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Carotene Synthesis

Under intensive aeration (1.3 l/l min) the associated growth of Rhodotorula rubra GED2 and Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei in cheese whey ultrafiltrate (55 g lactose/l) proceeded effectively for both cultures with production of maximum carotenoids (12.4 mg/l culture fluid). For maximum amount of carotenoids synthesized in the cell, the yeast required more intensive aeration than the aeration needed for synthesis of maximum concentration of dry cells. Maximum concentration of carotenoids in the cell (0.49 mg/g dry cells) was registered with air flow rate at 1.3 l/l min, and of dry cells (27.0 g/l) at 1.0 l/l min. An important characteristic of carotenogenesis by Rhodotorula rubra GED2 + Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei was established - the intensive aeration (above 1.0 l/l min) stimulated β-carotene synthesis (60% of total carotenoids).

Partial quantification of pigments extracted from the zooxanthellate octocoral Sinularia flexibilis at varying irradiances

Biologia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Khalesi ◽  
Packo Lamers
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Carotenoid Pigments ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Sinularia Flexibilis ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Β Carotene

AbstractChlorophyll-a (chl-a) and carotenoid pigments of the zooxanthellate octocoral Sinularia flexibilis were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography following exposure to three light intensities for over 30 days. From the coral fragments located at different light intensities, a total carotenoid of >41 μg g−1 dry weight, including peridinin, xanthophylls (likely diadinoxanthin + diatoxanthin), and chl-a as the most abundant pigments, with minor contents of astaxantin and β-carotene were detected. The whole content of chl-a weighed 5 μg g−1 dry weight in all coral colonies. Chl-a and carotenoids contributed 11.2% and 88.2%, respectively, to all pigments detected, and together accounted for 99.4% of the total pigments present. The highest contents of carotenoids and chl-a was observed in the coral grafts placed in an irradiance of 100 μmol quanta m−2 s−1; they showed lower ratios of total carotenoids: chl-a compared to those exposed to 400 μmol quanta m−2 s−1 after >30 days of incubation. The ratios of peridinin and xanthophylls with respect to chl-a from the colonies at 400 μmol quanta m−2 s−1 were approximately double those observed at irradiances of 100 and 200 μmol quanta m−2 s−1. Partial quantification of pigments in this study showed that the carotenoids of S. flexibilis showed a decrease at irradiances above 100 μmol quanta m−2 s−1, with the exception of an increase in β-carotene at 200 μmol quanta m−2 s−1.

scholarly journals Associations between antioxidants and all-cause mortality among US adults with obstructive lung function

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (10) ◽  
pp. 1662-1673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl S. Ford ◽  
Chaoyang Li ◽  
Timothy J. Cunningham ◽  
Janet B. Croft
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Β Carotene

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterised by oxidative stress, but little is known about the associations between antioxidant status and all-cause mortality in adults with this disease. The objective of the present study was to examine the prospective associations between concentrations of α- and β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, lycopene, Se, vitamin C and α-tocopherol and all-cause mortality among US adults with obstructive lung function. Data collected from 1492 adults aged 20–79 years with obstructive lung function in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (1988–94) were used. Through 2006, 629 deaths were identified during a median follow-up period of 14 years. After adjustment for demographic variables, the concentrations of the following antioxidants modelled as continuous variables were found to be inversely associated with all-cause mortality among adults with obstructive lung function: α-carotene (P= 0·037); β-carotene (P= 0·022); cryptoxanthin (P= 0·022); lutein/zeaxanthin (P= 0·004); total carotenoids (P= 0·001); vitamin C (P< 0·001). In maximally adjusted models, only the concentrations of lycopene (P= 0·013) and vitamin C (P= 0·046) were found to be significantly and inversely associated with all-cause mortality. No effect modification by sex was detected, but the association between lutein/zeaxanthin concentrations and all-cause mortality varied by smoking status (Pinteraction= 0·048). The concentrations of lycopene and vitamin C were inversely associated with all-cause mortality in this cohort of adults with obstructive lung function.

The Qualitative and Quantitative Distribution of Plankton in the Strait of Georgia in Relation to Certain Oceanographic Factors

1957 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Eugène Henri Légaré
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Quantitative Distribution ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Plankton Communities ◽  
Made In

In order to gain some picture of the seasonal variations in the plankton communities two cruises were made in the Strait of Georgia, one in June 1955, and the other in November 1955; 165 plankton collections were taken, also surface temperatures.The correlation of these data have resulted in a number of conclusions concerning the distribution of plankton in the Strait of Georgia. The chief factor affecting the general distribution of plankton is the salinity gradient. The inflow of fresh water from the Fraser River forms zones of varying properties, and leads to the development of different plankton communities. The extent to which physical and chemical factors may determine the presence or absence of certain organisms from the zones described is discussed.

scholarly journals Screening of carotenoid-producing Rhodotorula strains isolated from natural sources

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Tkáčová ◽  
Katarína Furdíková ◽  
Tatiana Klempová ◽  
Katarína Ďurčanská ◽  
Milan Čertík
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Carotenoid Pigments ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Natural Pigments ◽  
Feed Industry ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Pigment Accumulation ◽  
Β Carotene

Abstract Carotenoids represent large group of various natural pigments ensuring typical coloration of plants, microorganisms and several animals. It was confirmed by many studies, that consuming these biological active compounds has positive impact for human life. Therefore, they are applied in different industrial fields, such as pharmacy, cosmetic, food, and feed industry. Due to high demand for carotenoids we would like to discover new microorganisms overproducing carotenoids. We focused on yeasts of genus Rhodotorula sp. (forty isolates), that we screened according to growth and carotenoid production on Petri dishes and production media. After cultivation on Petri dishes we selected five strains (denoted as KF-4, KF-6, KF-24, KF-31, KF-104) with interesting pigment production and quick growth. The secondary screening on production media identified KF-104 as the best producer of carotenoid pigments with massive pigment accumulation (1.15 mg/g DCW) and yield (9.69 mg/L). The main carotenoid of KF-104 isolate was β-carotene (35.4 %) with the accumulation of 408.7 μg/g DCW and the yield of 3.4 mg/L. The rest were torularhodin, torulene and γ-carotene (62.7–79.0 %). Production of torularhodin in the cells was low (0.4 to 1.4 mg/L) as was its accumulation in cells (31.2–121.0 μg/g DCW). We continue the experimental analyses of these isolates in order understand differences in the content of individual pigments.

scholarly journals Quality characterization, phenolic and carotenoid content of new orange, cream and yellow-fleshed sweetpotato genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-304
Author(s):  
Lucimeire Pilon ◽  
Jaqueline S Guedes ◽  
Bruna S Bitencourt ◽  
Raphael Augusto de C Melo ◽  
Larissa PC Vendrame ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Β Carotene

ABSTRACT Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) is a root crop grown in many countries. This tuberous root is a source of energy, nutrients, and phytochemicals. In this study, bioactive compounds and physical and physicochemical qualities of sweetpotato genotypes were evaluated. Eight new genotypes of sweetpotato produced by Embrapa Hortaliças (orange-fleshed: MD09026-OF and MD09024-OF; cream-fleshed: MD09011-CF, MD09004-CF, MD10039-CF, and MD10004-CF; yellow-fleshed: MD09017-YF and MD12002-YF) and two cultivars used as controls (Beauregard and Brazlândia Roxa) were evaluated for color, soluble solids, dry matter, phenolic compounds, total carotenoids and β-carotene. Hue angles differed even between those sweetpotatoes with the same flesh color. The orange-fleshed genotypes MD09024-OF, MD09026-OF, and Beauregard, had the lowest L*, showing to be darker than the others. These sweetpotatoes also had the brightest flesh colors with higher C*. The orange-fleshed genotypes MD09026-OF and MD09024-OF were sweeter (10.55oBrix and 9.23oBrix) than Beauregard (5.12oBrix). Brazlândia Roxa had the highest dry matter content (38.05%), followed by the genotypes MD10004-CF, MD09017-YF, MD09026-OF MD10039-CF, and MD09011-CF, which showed similarity, ranging from 32.33% to 29.12%. The highest contents of total carotenoids were found for the orange-fleshed genotypes MD09026-OF (80.06 mg g-1) and MD09024-OF (70.56 mg g-1) and Beauregard (73.12 mg g-1). These same genotypes showed the highest total phenolic compounds (0.815 mg g-1 and 0.686 mg g-1, respectively). MD09026-OF showed the highest content of β-carotene (46.47 mg g-1). MD09026-OF was the most prominent genotype among those evaluated, as it showed the highest total carotenoid, β-carotene, phenolic compounds, and soluble solids content, in addition to a high dry matter content.

scholarly journals Intake of specific carotenoids and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
C. D'Arcy J. Holman ◽  
Colin W. Binns
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Risk ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Use ◽  
Tea Drinking ◽  
Β Carotene

There has been considerable interest in the role of carotenoids in the chemoprevention of cancer. However, few studies have examined the association between intake of specific carotenoids and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer and the results for carotenoids have been inconclusive. To investigate whether the intake of α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin, and lycopene is inversely associated with ovarian cancer risk, a case–control study was conducted in China during 1999–2000. The cases were 254 patients with histologically confirmed epithelial ovarian cancer and 652 age-matched controls were randomly recruited during the same period. Habitual dietary intake and lifestyle were collected by face-to-face interview using a validated and reliable FFQ. The US Department of Agriculture nutrient composition database was used to calculate the intake of specific carotenoids. Unconditional logistic regression analyses were used to estimate OR and 95 % CI, accounting for age, locality, education, BMI, smoking, tea drinking, parity, oral contraceptive use, hormone replacement therapy, menopausal status, family history of ovarian cancer, physical activity and energy intake. Compared with the highest v. the lowest quartile of intake, the adjusted OR were 0·39 (95 % CI 0·23, 0·66) for α-carotene, 0·51 (95 % CI 0·31, 0·84) for β-carotene, 0·51 (95 % CI 0·31, 0·83) for β-cryptoxanthin, 0·45 (0·27, 0·76) for lutein and zeaxanthin, and 0·33 (95 % CI 0·20, 0·56) for total carotenoids, with statistically significant tests for trend. It is concluded that a higher intake of carotenoids can reduce the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer.

scholarly journals Biogenic Amines in Traditional Fiore Sardo PDO Sheep Cheese: Assessment, Validation and Application of an RP-HPLC-DAD-UV Method

Separations ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Zazzu ◽  
Margherita Addis ◽  
Marco Caredda ◽  
Maria Francesca Scintu ◽  
Giovanni Piredda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biogenic Amines ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Quantitative Distribution ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Protected Designation Of Origin ◽  
Assessment Validation ◽  
The Many ◽  
First Time

This contribution aimed to measure for the first time the amount of biogenic amines (BAs) in one of the most ancient and traditional sheep cheese produced in Sardinia, Italy: the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) Fiore Sardo. To achieve this, an original RP-HPLC-DAD-UV method has been developed that was completely validated in terms of LoD, LoQ, linearity, precision and trueness, and tested on 36 real Fiore Sardo PDO cheese samples produced by four different cheesemakers and marketed by four stores. The average total concentration of the eight BAs (i.e., tyramine, tryptamine, histidine, putrescine, cadaverine, 2-phenylethylamine, spermine and spermidine) measured in Fiore Sardo cheese was 700 mg/kg, with a range between 170 mg/kg and 1,100 mg/kg. A great variability in the total amount of BAs has been evidenced among the Fiore Sardo marketed in the four stores as well as for the cheeses purchased in different times in the same store. Tyramine (350 mg/kg), putrescine (150 mg/kg), histamine (80 mg/kg) and cadaverine (30 mg/kg) are the most abundant BAs found in this matrix. Among the many factors concurring, the dominant microflora of Fiore Sardo PDO is likely the principal cause of the qualitative and quantitative distribution of BAs in this matrix. Finally, the total amount of BAs found in Fiore Sardo PDO is not able to cause any health alert situation for consumers.

scholarly journals Stability of Carotenoids in Dried Apricots (Prunus Armeniaca L.) During Storage

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Andreea POP ◽  
Andrea BUNEA ◽  
Florina COPACIU ◽  
Carmen SOCACIU ◽  
Adela PINTEA
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Photodiode Array Detection ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Residual Concentration ◽  
Geometrical Isomers ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Β Carotene

Apricots are well known for the high content of bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, polyphenols, vitamins and minerals. Several studies have pointed out the chemical composition or the biological effects of apricots, but limited information are available regarding the stability of active compounds during storage or processing. The aim of this study was to determine the stability of major carotenoids in commercial dried apricots during storage.Carotenoids were extracted monthly from dried apricots kept in a dark environment, at room temperature, for twelve months. Total carotenoids were determined using the spectrophotometric method while the most relevant carotenoids were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection (HPLC-PDA) on a C30 column and using a gradient elution system.Initial carotenoid content of dried fruits was 6.72 mg/100g, while after six months of storage it decreased to 2.46 mg/100g. After twelve months of storage the total carotenoid content was 0.82 mg/100g, representing 20.35 % of the initial concentration. The major carotenoids identified in apricots were: all trans β-carotene, its geometrical isomers (9-cis-β-carotene; 13-cis-β-carotene; 9,13-di-cis β-carotene); β-carotene-5,8-epoxide; β-cryptoxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin palmitate. Significant decreases were observed for all pigments but all trans β-carotene appears to be the most sensitive pigment, with 15.7 % residual concentration. Although the concentrations of β-cryptoxanthin palmitate is small, it has shown significant increased stability compared to carotenes.

Anomalous Transformation of Chloroplastic Pigments in Gordal Variety Olives during Processing for Table Olives

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 1241-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ISABEL MÍNGUEZ-MOSQUERA ◽  
LOURDES GALLARDO-GUERRERO
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Medium ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Table Olives ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Mechanism Of Degradation ◽  
Pyropheophorbide A ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Study ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Chloroplastic Pigments

The results of a qualitative and quantitative study of pigments, carried out during the processing of Gordal variety olives for table use, has provided valuable information on the type, extent, and mechanism of degradation of the chlorophylls and carotenoids present in the fresh fruit. Unexpected results were obtained, since the initial treatment of the fruits with NaOH did not provoke chlorophyllase activity. However, the alkaline pH brought about the oxidation of chlorophylls, giving rise to Mg-phytyl-chlorin e6 and Mg-phytyl-rhodin g7. Subsequently, as a consequence of the acid pH generated in the fermentation medium, these compounds were transformed into the corresponding Mg-free derivatives, phytyl-ch1orin e6 and phytyl-rhodin g7. At the same time, those chlorophylls which initially escaped transformation were converted into their corresponding pheophytins. In addition, small amounts of pyropheophytin a, pheophorbides a and b, and pyropheophorbide a were detected, As far as the carotenoid fraction is concerned, β-carotene and lutein remained unaltered throughout processing, and only those components with molecular structures sensitive to the acid medium were affected. The total balance of pigment material indicated that there was a slow but progressive decrease in the concentration of the chlorophyllic and carotenoid fractions, which indicates that a certain amount of these pigments is degraded into colorless products.

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