scholarly journals The effect of adenosine triphosphate on porphyrin excretion and on glycine metabolism in Rhodopseudomonas spheroides

1968 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gajdos ◽  
M. Gajdos-Török ◽  
A. Gorchein ◽  
A. Neuberger ◽  
G. H. Tait
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Carbon Atom ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Methylene Carbon ◽  
Methylene Carbon Atom ◽  
Glycine Metabolism ◽  
Porphyrin Synthesis ◽  
Rhodopseudomonas Spheroides ◽  
Carboxyl Carbon

1. ATP, GTP, CTP and UTP at concentrations of 1mm markedly decrease the amount of coproporphyrin excreted by Rhodopseudomonas spheroides illuminated in a medium containing glycine, succinate and fumarate. 2. The effect of ATP is decreased if ethionine is also added to the medium. 3. Evidence is presented showing that ATP is taken up by the organisms from the medium. 4. ATP is shown to have a marked effect on the utilization of glycine. In the presence of ATP the incorporation of the methylene carbon atom of glycine into the fatty acid moieties of the phospholipids is greatly increased, and more of the carboxyl carbon atom is lost, probably as carbon dioxide. 5. ATP has little effect on the utilization of succinate or fumarate. 6. The possible significance of these results with regard to the control by ATP of porphyrin synthesis and excretion and glycine metabolism is discussed.

The stereochemistry of β -diketo complexes with trimethylplatinum iv. III. The crystal structure of trimethyl (acetylacetonyl-) 2:2'-bipyridyl platinum

1962 ◽  
Vol 266 (1327) ◽  
pp. 527-546 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Carbon Atom ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Crystal Structure Analysis ◽  
Method Of Least Squares ◽  
Methylene Carbon ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Methylene Carbon Atom ◽  
Active Methylene ◽  
Oxygen Atoms

The results of an X -ray crystal structure analysis of the crystalline complex, (CH 3 ) 3 Pt(CH 3 . CO . CH . CO . CH 3 )C 10 H 8 N 2 , formed by trimethylplatinum with acetylacetone and 2:2'-bipyridyl are presented. There are four monomeric molecules in a monoclinic unit cell having a = 14.863, b = 8.480, c = 13.749 Å, β = 99° 24' at 110±10 °K and space group P 2 1 / c . The atomic positions have been determined by three-dimensional analysis from observations collected at 100 to 120 °K. Refinement, including allowance for anisotropic thermal motion, was carried out by the method of least squares until the value of the residual R was 0.084. The platinum atom is octahedrally co-ordinated to three methyl groups in the cis configuration (Pt—C = 2.05 Å), to the two nitrogen atoms of the bipyridyl (Pt—N = 2.15 Å) and to the central or ‘active methylene’ carbon atom of acetylacetone (Pt—C = 2.36 Å). The oxygen atoms of the acetylacetone take no part in the co-ordination; this is the first example of a β -diketone acting as an unidentate ligand solely through a carbon atom. Comparison of the bond lengths in this and in the dimeric trimethyl 4:6-dioxononyl platinum suggests that in both compounds the β -diketone is in the keto and not the enol form; in the present compound the oxygen atoms are not chelated and the C=0 bonds are not parallel.

The Synthesis of 5,7-Dichlorocoumaran-3-one and Related Problems

1960 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
WLF Armarego
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Carbon Atom ◽  
Intramolecular Cyclization ◽  
Phosphorus Pentoxide ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Methylene Carbon ◽  
Methylene Carbon Atom ◽  
Stage Synthesis ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

5,7-Dichlorocoumaran-3-one has been prepared from methyl 2-hydroxy-3,5-dichlorobenzoate by a three stage synthesis. It could not be prepared by (i) intramolecular cyclization of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy- acetic acid or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetyl chloride or (ii) by the reaction of ω-bromo-2-hydroxy-3,5-dichloroacetophenone with bases. The reaction of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid with phosphorus pentoxide in benzene gave 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2',4'-dichlorophenyl 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate, and diphenylmethane. By the use of 14C-labelled acids the methylene carbon atom of the diphenylmethane was shown to be derived from the methylene carbon atom of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. A possible mechanism is proposed for this reaction.

The Effect of Chemical Changes in the Rubber Hydrocarbon on Its Oxidizability

1951 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-231
Author(s):  
Jean Le Bras ◽  
Jacqueline de Merlier
Keyword(s):  
Double Bond ◽  
Carbon Atom ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Methylene Carbon ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Isoprene Unit ◽  
Methylene Carbon Atom ◽  
Substitutive Addition ◽  
Related Compounds

Abstract The hydrocarbon of rubber, which contains one ethylene linkage or double bond per isoprene unit, has such a structure that it is very sensitive to the action of oxygen, and the investigations of Farmer have shown clearly the part played by the α-methylene carbon atom in the process of oxidation. Since the rubber hydrocarbon can be made to react with compounds which unite directly with it, an attempt was made to find out what influence any changes of this kind might have on the oxidiazbility of rubber. The reagents chosen were saligenol and maleic anhydride. According to Cunneen, Farmer, and Koch, saligenol attaches itself to double bonds, with formation of a chromanic nucleus (I), the nature of which the present authors have examined and confirmed by ultraviolet spectrography of the compounds prepared. In the case of maleic anhydride, Delalande has shown that this compound and also related compounds, such as maleic imide, can combine according to the substitutive addition mechanism described by Alder, with the formation of a molecule of type (II). The reactions were carried out with exclusion of air, in accordance with the technique of Moureu and Dufraisse on benzene solutions of purified crepe rubber, and in the absence of a catalyst.

One-pot Synthetic Approaches for the Construction of Isochroman-4-ones and Benzoxazin-3-ones Using O,P-Acetals

Synthesis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Nakamura ◽  
Kouhei Yamamoto ◽  
Ryo Murakami ◽  
Norihito Kawashita ◽  
Kouichi Matsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Atom ◽  
Intramolecular Cyclization ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Methylene Carbon ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Methylene Carbon Atom ◽  
Synthetic Approaches ◽  
Sequential Reactions

A method for synthesizing six-membered heterocyclic compounds was developed based on the features of O,P-acetals. Sequential reactions of intramolecular cyclization between the methylene carbon atom of O,P-acetal and its electrophilic functional group (ester or protected carbamate) was followed by Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE) olefination with various aldehydes. The developed one-pot method yielded isochroman-4-one and benzoxazin-3-one derivatives with an alkylidene moiety.

scholarly journals Crystal structure of 1-butyl-3-{2-[(indan-5-yl)amino]-2-oxoethyl}-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 1665-1668
Author(s):  
Vidya Zende ◽  
Tejpalsingh Ramsingh Girase ◽  
Nicolas Chrysochos ◽  
Anant Ramakant Kapdi ◽  
Carola Schulzke
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Carbon Atom ◽  
Aromatic Ring ◽  
Methylene Carbon ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding Interactions ◽  
Methylene Carbon Atom ◽  
Molecular Salt

In the cation of the title molecular salt, C18H24N3O+·Cl−, an intramolecular C—H...O hydrogen bond stabilizes the almost coplanar orientation of the aromatic ring of the indane unit and the amide plane. In the crystal, the packing is dominated by intermolecular C—H...Cl hydrogen-bonding interactions that result in the formation of slab-like structures propagating along [010]. The slabs are linked by weak C—H...O interactions, forming layers lying parallel to (100). The methylene carbon atom of the indanyl substituent is disordered over two positions with a refined occupancy ratio of 0.84 (2):0.16 (2). The crystal studied was refined as a twin with matrix [1 0 0.9, 0 \overline{1} 0, 0 0 \overline{1}]; the resulting BASF value is 0.30.

scholarly journals Acetate represents a major product of heptanoate and octanoate β-oxidation in hepatocytes isolated from neonatal piglets

1996 ◽  
Vol 318 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi LIN ◽  
Sean H. ADAMS ◽  
Jack ODLE
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Krebs Cycle ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Carbon Accounting ◽  
Minor Amount ◽  
Fatty Acid Carbon ◽  
Carboxyl Carbon

An experiment was conducted to explore the nature of the radiolabel distribution in acid-soluble products (ASPs) resulting from the oxidation of [1-14C]C7:0 or C8:0 by isolated piglet hepatocytes. The differences between odd and even chain-length and the impacts of valproate and malonate upon the rate of β-oxidation and ASP characteristics were tested. A minor amount of fatty acid carboxyl carbon (⩽ 10% of organic acids identified by radio-HPLC) accumulated in ketone bodies regardless of chain-length or inhibitor used. In all cases, acetate represented the major reservoir of carboxyl carbon, accounting for 60–70% of radiolabel in identified organic acids. Cells given [1-14C]C7:0 accumulated 85% more carboxyl carbon in Krebs cycle intermediates when compared with C8:0, while accumulation in acetate was unaffected. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that anaplerosis from odd-carbon fatty acids affects the oxidative fate of fatty acid carbon. The piglet appears unique in that non-ketogenic routes of fatty acid carbon flow (i.e. acetogenesis) predominate in the liver of this species.

EFFECT OF ALLOXAN, INSULIN, AND THYROXINE ON CHOLESTEROL AND FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS BY RAT LIVER HOMOGENATES

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Scaife ◽  
B. B. Migicovsky
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Liver Homogenates ◽  
Vitro Effect

The in vitro effect of alloxan and insulin on the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids from 1-C14-sodium acetate by rat liver homogenates has been examined. Alloxan caused a reduction in the incorporation of acetate into cholesterol, fatty acids, and C14O2, but an increase in the oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. The addition of insulin to homogenates caused a reduction in cholesterol synthesis but an increase in fatty acid synthesis both for normal and diabetic animals. Homogenates from thyrotoxic rats exhibited a marked reduction in cholesterol synthesis when compared with normal animals. C14O2 production by homogenates from starved rats was appreciably lower than for those from normal animals. With this exception no appreciable difference was found in the oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide, or C14O2 production in homogenates from normal, starved, thyroxine-treated, or diabetic animals. Synthesized cholesterol was found to be located principally in the particulate matter of the homogenates after they had been incubated with 1-C14-sodium acetate. Homogenates from starved rats showed no greater tendency to degrade preformed cholesterol during incubation than did those from normal rats.

scholarly journals Insights on traditional and modern oil extractions of wheat germ: Chemical and antimicrobial evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Maha M. Soltan ◽  
Sabry A. Mahfouz ◽  
Eman A. Karam ◽  
Fatima H Motawe
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Wheat Germ Oil ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Antimicrobial Evaluation

Medicinal plants particularly with higher nutritional values are attracting the attention of both the pharmacological and nutritional affairs. In the present study, we extracted the wheat germ oil with cold press, hexane as well as supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2). All were chemically and biologically (antimicrobial) evaluated to investigate how far can the differential in fatty acid composition affect the biological properties. The most eminent result was recorded by SC-CO2 oil. It was the only among the extracted oils that possessed moderate antibacterial and strong antifungal activities.

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