scholarly journals The cell wall of Bacillus licheniformis N.C.T.C. 6346. Composition of the mucopeptide component

1968 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Insoluble Residue ◽  
Amino Groups ◽  
Small Peptides ◽  
Mild Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Mild Acid

1. The mucopeptide component of wall preparations from Bacillus licheniformis was obtained in soluble form by treatment of the acid-insoluble residue of walls with lysozyme. 2. The soluble mucopeptide contains glutamic acid, diaminopimelic acid, alanine, N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid in the molecular proportions 1·0:1·0:1·6:0·8:0·7. In addition approx. 1 mole of amide/mole of glutamic acid is present. Essentially all of the dry weight and nitrogen content of soluble mucopeptide is accounted for by these constituents. 3. The optical configurations of the amino acids were determined. Approx. 0·6 mole of d-alanine and 1·0 mole of l-alanine are present/mole of glutamic acid. 4. The structures of several small peptides derived from soluble mucopeptide after mild acid hydrolysis were established. 5. The structure of soluble mucopeptide from B. licheniformis is discussed on the basis of these results together with data on the number of free amino groups present in soluble mucopeptide.

Pigments of marine animals. XI. Angular naphthopyrones from the crinoid Comanthus parvicirrus timorensis

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
IR Smith ◽  
MD Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ether ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Mild Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Yellow Colour ◽  
Methoxy Derivative ◽  
Colour Variant ◽  
Mild Acid

Green specimens of the comatulid crinoid, Comanthus parvicirrus timorensis J. Muller, yield to acetone three yellow water-soluble colouring matters, comaparvin sulphate, 6-methoxycomaparvin sulphate, and 6-methoxycomaparvin 5-methyl ether sulphate in approximately 0.1 %, 0.7 %, and 0.7 % yield respectively of the dry weight of the animal, Mild acid hydrolysis yields the corresponding phenols, the structures of which have been deduced largely by spectral studies as very probably 5,8-dihydroxy-10-methoxy-2-n-propyl-4H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran-4-one (1), the 6-methoxy derivative of (1), and the 6-methoxy methyl ether of (1) respectively. A yellow colour variant of the same species yielded the same colouring matters in slightly different proportions. The calcareous skeleton contains what are probably polyhydroxynaphthoquinones in combined form.

INVESTIGATIONS ON RUBBER-BEARING PLANTS: II. CARBOHYDRATES IN THE ROOTS OF TARAXACUM KOK-SAGHYZ ROD.

1946 ◽  
Vol 24c (2) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Gorham
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Mild Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Rubber Bearing ◽  
One Year ◽  
Mild Acid

The soluble carbohydrates were extracted, by means of hot water, from dried ground roots of Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rod. that had been extracted previously with acetone and benzene. A cleared portion of the extract served for the determination of hexose and, after invertase hydrolysis, sucrose. Another portion was subjected to mild acid hydrolysis before clearing, and served for the determination of total reducing value, whence fructosans, as inulin, were calculated. Separation of the free reducing sugars and sucrose from the fructosans by ethanol extraction proved unsatisfactory. Analyses of 171 one-year old roots from six crosses gave the following average values expressed as per cent dry weight: hexose 1.6, sucrose 4.7, and inulin 41. The analytical data suggest the possibility of selecting and breeding for strains of kok-saghyz capable of high carbohydrate production.

Amino acid sequence of cyanogen bromide fragment CB5 of human hemopexin

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Kluh ◽  
Ladislav Morávek ◽  
Manfred Pavlík
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Cyanogen Bromide ◽  
Polypeptide Chain ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Mild Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Methionine Residue ◽  
Cyanogen Bromide Fragment ◽  
Mild Acid

Cyanogen bromide fragment CB5 represents the region of the polypeptide chain of hemopexin between the fourth and fifth methionine residue (residues 232-352). It contains 120 amino acid residues in the following sequence: Arg-Cys-Ser-Pro-His-Leu-Val-Leu-Ser-Ala-Leu-Thr-Ser-Asp-Asn-His-Gly-Ala-Thr-Tyr-Ala-Phe-Ser-Gly-Thr-His-Tyr-Trp-Arg-Leu-Asp-Thr-Ser-Arg-Asp-Gly-Trp-His-Ser-Trp-Pro-Ile-Ala-His-Gln-Trp-Pro-Gln-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ala-Val-Asp-Ala-Ala-Phe-Ser-Trp-Glu-Glu-Lys-Leu-Tyr-Leu-Val-Gln-Gly-Thr-Gln-Val-Tyr-Val-Phe-Leu-Thr-Lys-Gly-Gly-Tyr-Thr-Leu-Val-Ser-Gly-Tyr-Pro-Lys-Arg-Leu-Glu-Lys-Glu-Val-Gly-Thr-Pro-His-Gly-Ile-Ile-Leu-Asp-Ser-Val-Asp-Ala-Ala-Phe-Ile-Cys-Pro-Gly-Ser-Ser-Arg-Leu-His-Ile-Met. The sequence was derived from the data on peptides prepared by cleavage of fragment CB5 by mild acid hydrolysis, by trypsin and chymotrypsin.

scholarly journals A New Look at the Enterobacterial Common Antigen Forms Obtained during Rough Lipopolysaccharides Purification

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 701
Author(s):  
Tomasz K Gozdziewicz ◽  
Anna Maciejewska ◽  
Alona Tsybulska ◽  
Czeslaw Lugowski ◽  
Jolanta Lukasiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Common Antigen ◽  
Mild Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Enterobacterial Common Antigen ◽  
Lipopolysaccharide Endotoxin ◽  
Lipid Moiety ◽  
Detailed Composition ◽  
Mild Acid

Enterobacterial common antigen (ECA) is a conserved antigen expressed by enterobacteria. It is built by trisaccharide repeating units: →3)-α-D-Fucp4NAc-(1→4)-β-D-ManpNAcA-(1→4)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1→ and occurs in three forms: as surface-bound linear polysaccharides linked to a phosphoglyceride (ECAPG) or lipopolysaccharide − endotoxin (ECALPS), and cyclic form (ECACYC). ECA maintains, outer membrane integrity, immunogenicity, and viability of enterobacteria. A supernatant obtained after LPS ultracentrifugation was reported as a source for ECA isolation, but it has never been assessed for detailed composition besides ECACYC. We used mild acid hydrolysis and gel filtration, or zwitterionic-hydrophilic interaction liquid (ZIC®HILIC) chromatography combined with mass spectrometry for purification, fractionation, and structural analysis of rough Shigella sonnei and Escherichia coli R1 and K12 crude LPS preparations. Presented work is the first report concerning complex characteristic of all ECA forms present in LPS-derived supernatants. We demonstrated high heterogeneity of the supernatant-derived ECA that contaminate LPS purified by ultracentrifugation. Not only previously reported O-acetylated tetrameric, pentameric, and hexameric ECACYC have been identified, but also devoid of lipid moiety linear ECA built from 7 to 11 repeating units. Described results were common for all selected strains. The origin of linear ECA is discussed against the current knowledge about ECAPG and ECALPS.

METHODS OF PROTEIN EXTRACTION FROM NEUROSPORA CRASSA

1964 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Stine ◽  
W. N. Strickland ◽  
R. W. Barratt
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Acid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Total Enzyme

Nine methods for disrupting the mycelium of Neurospora crassa have been compared. Protein percentages are calculated per gram dry weight of mycelium. A TPN-specific glutamic acid dehydrogenase was extracted and the efficiency of each extraction method is given as total enzyme extracted and specific activity. In terms of total protein, total enzyme, and practicality of the method, the Hughes Press, the French Press and the Raper–Hyatt Press were found to be the most efficient. The advantages and limitations of each method are considered.

The synthesis of a carbohydrate-like dihydrooxazine and tetrahydrooxazine as putative inhibitors of glycoside hydrolases: A direct synthesis of isofagomine

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 857-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne M Best ◽  
James M Macdonald ◽  
Brian W Skelton ◽  
Robert V Stick ◽  
D Matthew G Tilbrook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Synthesis ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolases ◽  
Crystalline Solid ◽  
Glycosidase Inhibitors ◽  
Protecting Group ◽  
Mild Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Catalytic Hydrogenolysis ◽  
Palladium On Carbon ◽  
Mild Acid

The treatment of benzyl 2,3-O-isopropylidene-β-L-xylopyranoside with N-hydroxyphthalimide under Mitsunobu conditions, followed by protecting-group interchange, gave benzyl 4-O-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2,3- O-isopropylidene-α-D-arabinoside. Mild acid hydrolysis and catalytic hydrogenolysis afforded 4-O-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-D-arabinose that, upon heating in water, gave the dihydrooxazine [(4R,5S,6R)-5,6-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-4H-1,2-oxazine] as a crystalline solid. A single-crystal structure determination of this solid showed it to exist in the 5H6 conformation. Reduction of the dihydrooxazine gave the tetrahydrooxazine [(4R,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-1,2-oxazine]. The dihydrooxazine was an effective inhibitor of two β-glucosidases (Ki = 27 and 35 µM). Benzyl 2,3-O-isopropylidene-β-L-xylopyranoside, via the derived imidazylate, was converted into a nitrile that, upon reduction and protecting-group manipulations, gave benzyl 4-C-aminomethyl-4-deoxy-α-D-arabinoside. Treatment of this amine with hydrogen and palladium-on-carbon gave isofagomine.Key words: dihydrooxazine, tetrahydrooxazine, isofagomine, iminosugars, glycosidase inhibitors.

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