scholarly journals Biliary excretion of foreign compounds. Benzene and its derivatives in the rat

1967 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 1269-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
M M Abou-el-Makarem ◽  
P Millburn ◽  
R L Smith ◽  
R T Williams
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Biliary Excretion ◽  
Aromatic Amines ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Benzene Derivatives ◽  
Aromatic Acids ◽  
Acid Conjugate ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Rat Bile ◽  
Sulphate Conjugate

1. The extent of the excretion in the bile of the rat of benzene and 21 of its simple derivatives was studied. 2. Some 16 compounds of molecular weight less than 200, and including neutral molecules (benzene and toluene), aromatic acids, aromatic amines and phenols, were injected in solution intraperitoneally into biliary-cannulated rats. Metabolites in the bile were identified and estimated. The extent of biliary excretion of these compounds was low, i.e. 0–10% of the dose in 24hr., and most appeared in the bile mainly as conjugates. 3. The biliary excretion of six conjugates of molecular weight less than 300, including three glycine conjugates, one sulphate conjugate, one glucuronic acid conjugate and two acetyl derivatives, was low (less than 3% of the dose). 4. It is concluded that simple benzene derivatives of molecular weight less than about 300 are poorly excreted in rat bile.

scholarly journals Biliary excretion of cyclohexylphenyl 4-[35S]sulphate in the guinea pig

1978 ◽  
Vol 176 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-448
Author(s):  
G M Powell ◽  
A H Olavesen ◽  
C G Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Biliary Excretion ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Intact Animal ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Metabolic Fate ◽  
Pig Liver ◽  
Acid Conjugate ◽  
Guinea Pig Liver

The metabolic fate and mode of excretion of cyclohexylphenyl 4-[35S]sulphate were studied in the guinea pig. Up to 54.8% of the dose appeared in the bile, the majority as unchanged ester. Substantial amounts of hydroxylated cyclohexylphenyl 4-[35S]sulphate were also excreted in the bile together with minor amounts of the corresponding glucuronic acid conjugate. When isolated guinea-pig livers were perfused with cyclohexylphenyl 4-[35S]sulphate the biliary components were the same as those in the intact animal, although the relative concentration of the hydroxylated derivative was significantly greater. When the hydroxylated derivative was re-injected into guinea pigs it was excreted almost entirely unchanged in the bile. However, in the rat, it was excreted in the bile as a glucuronic acid conjugate. These findings are discussed in relation to studies carried out in the rat [Hearse, Powell, Olavesen & Dodgson (1969) Biochem. Pharmacol. 18, 181–195] and to differences in enzyme activities in rat and guinea-pig liver. The results are also discussed in terms of the molecular-weight threshold for the excretion of anions in guinea-pig bile.

Toxicity of Para-Chloro Substituted Benzene Derivatives in the Microtox™ Test

1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus L.E. Kaiser ◽  
Juan M. Ribo ◽  
Brian M. Zaruk
Keyword(s):  
General Formula ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Photobacterium Phosphoreum ◽  
Benzene Derivatives ◽  
Quantitative Structure ◽  
Chlorinated Benzenes ◽  
Chloro Derivatives ◽  
Derivatives Of

Abstract This paper gives the results of part of a systematic investigation into contaminant toxicity to Photobacterium phosphoreum in the Microtox™ test. Reported are the toxicity values for 39 para-chloro substituted benzene derivatives of the general formula l-Cl-C6h4-4-X=CH2CH(NH2)COOH, F, SO2NH2, OCH2COOH, CH2COOH, CONHNH2, NHCOCH3, CONH2, CH=CHCOOH, SeOOH, CH2NH2, CH2CH2NH2, NO2, H, CF3, CHO, CH2OH, OH, CH3, CCl3, COCH3, COOH, NH2, SO2C6H5, Cl, CH2COCH3, COCl, CN, OCH3, NCO, NHCH3, I, COC6H5, CH2Cl, SH, CH2SH, NCS, CH2CN and SO2C6H4Cl. Except for the last compound, whose solubility is below the required concentration, the toxicities increase in the presented order with a total range of more than three orders of magnitude. The data are discussed in terms of quantitative structure-toxicity correlations with compound-specific structural parameters. In combination with a previously developed submodel on chlorinated benzenes, phenols, nitrobenzenes and anilines, the observed relationships allow the prediction of the toxicity of some 780 possible chloro derivatives of the general formula C6H5-nClnX, where n=<5 and X is a functional group as listed above.

scholarly journals Detection of Acetaminophen and Its Glucuronide in Fingerprint by SALDI Mass Spectrometry Using Zeolite and Study of Time-Dependent Changes in Detected Ion Amount

Analytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-75
Author(s):  
Toshiki Horikoshi ◽  
Chihiro Kitaoka ◽  
Yosuke Fujii ◽  
Takashi Asano ◽  
Jiawei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Laser Desorption ◽  
The Body ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Laser Desorption Ionization ◽  
Fingerprint Analysis ◽  
Desorption Ionization ◽  
Acid Conjugate ◽  
Over Time

The ingredients of an antipyretic (acetaminophen, AAP) and their metabolites excreted into fingerprint were detected by surface-assisted laser desorption ionization (SALDI) mass spectrometry using zeolite. In the fingerprint taken 4 h after AAP ingestion, not only AAP but also the glucuronic acid conjugate of AAP (GAAP), caffeine (Caf), ethenzamide (Eth), salicylamide (Sala; a metabolite of Eth), and urea were detected. Fingerprints were collected over time to determine how the amounts of AAP and its metabolite changed with time, and the time dependence of the peak intensities of protonated AAP and GAAP was measured. It was found that the increase of [GAAP+H]+ peak started later than that of [AAP+H]+ peak, reflecting the metabolism of AAP. Both AAP and GAAP reached maximum concentrations approximately 3 h after ingestion, and were excreted from the body with a half-life of approximately 3.3 h. In addition, fingerprint preservation was confirmed by optical microscopy, and fingerprint shape was retained even after laser irradiation of the fingerprint. Our method may be used in fingerprint analysis.

scholarly journals DERIVATIVES OF GLUCURONIC ACID

1933 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walther F. Goebel ◽  
Frank H. Babers
Keyword(s):  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Derivatives Of

scholarly journals Origin of some derivatives of retinoic acid found in rat bile

1968 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 580-586
Author(s):  
Kenneth Lippel ◽  
James Allen Olson
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Rat Bile

scholarly journals DERIVATIVES OF GLUCURONIC ACID

1938 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-220
Author(s):  
Walther F. Goebel ◽  
Richard E. Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Derivatives Of
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