scholarly journals The determination of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in normal human muscle and other tissues

1967 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 599-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. H. Emery
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Human Muscle ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Fibrous Connective Tissue ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes ◽  
Good Agreement

1. A technique has been developed, based on preferential inhibition by urea, for determining the amounts and proportions of the M and H sub-units of lactate dehydrogenase (referred to as LDH-M and LDH-H respectively) in human tissues, including muscle. 2. There was good agreement between the results obtained with urea inhibition and those obtained with starch-gel electrophoresis. 3. With increasing age there was a significant decrease in the total amount of lactate dehydrogenase and the amount of LDH-M in skeletal muscle. This could not be accounted for by the replacement of functioning muscle tissue by fibrous connective tissue. 4. The proportion of LDH-M was less in certain muscles (e.g. soleus and extra-ocular) than in other muscles (e.g. gastrocnemius and rectus abdominis). 5. The proportions of LDH-M and LDH-H did not differ significantly in different superficial limb muscles and were not significantly affected by either age or sex. 6. Specimens of muscle from 86 different individuals (all Europeans) have been subjected to electrophoresis, but no variants of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes have been found.

Improved Method for the Determination of Hemoglobin A2 by Starch-Gel Electrophoresis

1960 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
C A J. Goldberg ◽  
A C Ross
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Thalassemia Trait ◽  
Healthy Persons ◽  
Hemoglobin A2

Abstract It has been shown that variations in the preparation of the starch gel and in photographic interpretation can significantly affect the accuracy of the measurement of hemoglobin A2. An improved method for the determination of hemoglobin A2 by starch-gel electrophoresis has been presented which affords greater accuracy than was previously achieved. Hemoglobin A2 concentrations for healthy persons and patients with sickle cell trait, various nonthalassemic anemias, and thalassemia trait have been presented.

A New Method for Starch Gel Electrophoresis of Human Hemoglobins, with Special Reference to the Determination of Hemoglobin A2

1958 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 484-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
C A J Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
New Method ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Buffer System ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Hemoglobin A2

Abstract A method for starch gel electrophoresis of hemoglobins is presented in which a modified Lintner starch is used for the preparation of the gel. A discontinuous buffer system of tris-EDTA-borate/barbital is used as the electrolyte medium because of its superior resolving power. Hemoglobin A2 values, obtained with this method, of healthy individuals, patients with thalassemia, and those with various anemias of nonthalassemic origin are presented.

Fractionation of the Nondialyzable Components of Normal Human Gastric Juice by Starch Gel Electrophoresis

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham H. Jeffries ◽  
Frederic W. Smith ◽  
Donald W. Hoskins ◽  
Marvin H. Sleisenger
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Juice ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Human Gastric Juice ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Normal Human

GENETIC STUDIES OF ISOZYMES IN NEUROSPORA. I. A STUDY OF EIGHT SPECIES

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mohan Reddy ◽  
S. F. H. Threlkeld
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Acid Phosphatases ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Starch Gel

Mycelial extracts of 34 strains representing eight species of the genus Neurospora were subjected to acrylamide and starch gel electrophoresis to detect sites of esterase, lactate dehydrogenase, amylase, peroxidase, and acid phosphatase activity. Nine isozymes of esterases, four isozymes of lactate dehyrogenases, three isozymes of peroxidases, and two isozymes of acid phosphatases were detected on the gels for the species. The application of zymograms as a biochemical means to characterize species is discussed.

IMMUNOLOGICAL ESTIMATION OF SHEEP GROWTH HORMONE

1962 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. C. WALLACE
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Homogeneous Component ◽  
Biological Assay ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Assay Methods ◽  
Inhibition Reaction ◽  
Good Agreement

SUMMARY An electrophoretically homogeneous component obtained by starch gel electrophoresis of sheep growth hormone (GH) has been used to prepare antiserum in rabbits. By means of a haemagglutination—inhibition reaction, this antiserum was used to assay GH both in sheep pituitary extracts and in sheep sera. The values for the GH content of a number of pituitary extracts obtained by both immunological and biological assay methods were in good agreement. GH levels in sheep serum were found to range between 38 and 600 μg./100 ml.

The labelling of certain milk proteins with iodine131

1965 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Veringa ◽  
M. F. Kerkhof Mogot
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Fat Globules ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Clustering Effect ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin ◽  
Electrophoresis Pattern

SummaryWhole casein, β-casein, β-lactoglobulin and euglobulin were labelled with 131I. The conditions under which iodination was carried out were chosen so as to avoid any modification of the original characteristics of the proteins. This was checked by starch-gel electrophoresis and determination of sedimentation constants, apparent molecular weights and, for euglobulin, the clustering effect on fat globules.As was shown by autoradiograms of the starch-gel plates, the radioactivity was incorporated in all zones of the electrophoresis pattern.

Studies on enzyme variation in the murine malaria parasites Plasmodium berghei, P. yoelii, P. vinckei and P. chabaudi by starch gel electrophoresis

Parasitology ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Carter
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Enzyme Polymorphism ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Enzyme Variation ◽  
Starch Gel

SummaryElectrophoretic variation of the enzymes glucose phosphate isomerase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP-dependent) has been studied in the African murine malaria parasites Plasmodium berghei, P. yoelii, P. vinckei and P. chabaudi and their subspecies. Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was used throughout. The number of isolates examined in each subspecies varied from 1 (P. y. nigeriensis) to 24 (P. c. chabaudi). Extensive enzyme variation was found among isolates of most of the subspecies from which more than two such isolates were available for study. It is clear that the phenomenon of enzyme polymorphism is of common occurrence among malaria parasites. With the exception of P. berghei and P. yoelii, of which all isolates share an identical electrophoretic form of lactate dehydrogenase, no enzyme forms are shared between any of the 4 species of murine plasmodia. By contrast, within each species common enzyme forms are shared among each of the subspecies. The subspecies are, nevertheless, distinguished from each other by the electrophoretic forms of at least one enzyme.The distribution and reassortment of enzyme variation among isolates of a single subspecies is in accordance with the concept of malaria parasites as sexually reproducing organisms. The study of variation among parasites present in individual wild-caught rodent hosts demonstrates that natural malarial infections usually comprise genetically heterogeneous populations of parasites. Nevertheless, the number of genetically distinct types of parasite of any one species present in a single infected host appears to be small. Generally not more than 2 or 3 clones of parasite of distinct genetic constitution are present in a single infected animal.

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