scholarly journals Regulation of triglyceride synthesis in the parturient guinea-pig mammary gland

1967 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Plasma Triglyceride ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Fat Synthesis

1. The specific activity of the enzyme palmitoyl-CoA–l-glycerol 3-phosphate palmitoyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.15) in the mammary tissue of guinea pigs has been shown to increase 37-fold at parturition. 2. Increases also occur in tissue concentrations of glycerol 3-phosphate, CoA and free fatty acid, but not in that of acid-insoluble CoA. 3. The isolation and fatty acid composition of plasma triglyceride and of mammary-tissue free fatty acid, diglyceride and triglyceride are described. 4. The findings are discussed in relation to the regulation of milk fat synthesis.

scholarly journals Rat mammary-gland fatty acid synthase. A simple purification procedure and stoicheiometry of CoA ester binding

1982 ◽  
Vol 203 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
P M Ahmad ◽  
D S Feltman ◽  
F Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Performic Acid ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Rat Mammary Gland

A simple procedure was devised which allows purification of rat lactating-mammary-gland fatty acid synthase to a high degree of purity, with recoveries of activity exceeding 50%. Over 50 mg of enzyme was isolated from 60 g of mammary tissue. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was about 2.5 mumol of NADPH oxidized/min per mg of protein at 37 degrees. The enzyme appeared homogeneous by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and by immunodiffusion analysis. Each mol (Mr 480 000) of the enzyme bound 3 mol of acetyl and 3-4 mol of malonyl groups when the binding experiments were performed at 0 degrees for 30 s. The presence of NADPH did not influence the binding stoicheiometry for these acyl-CoA derivatives. Approx. 2 mol of taurine was found per mol of the performic acid-oxidized enzyme, suggesting that there were 2 mol of 4′-phosphopantetheine in the native enzyme. Rat mammary-gland fatty acid synthase required free CoA for activity.

scholarly journals Uptake of substrates for milk-fat synthesis by lactating-rabbit mammary gland

1978 ◽  
Vol 174 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
C S Jones ◽  
D S Parker
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Cannulation Technique ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fat Synthesis ◽  
Milk Fat Synthesis

1. A cannulation technique is described for measuring arteriovenous differences across the lactating-rabbit mammary gland. 2. Analysis of milk obtained before and after surgery shows no effect of cannulation on milk constituents. 3. Results of blood analysis show significant net changes in the concentrations of glucose, acetate, 3-hydroxybutrate, triacylglycerols and non-esterified fatty acids across the mammary gland. 4. The molar proportions of individual fatty acids in both the triacylglycerol and non-esterified fatty acid fractions did not alter between the arterial and venous samples. 5. The extraction rates are compared with those obtained from other species.

scholarly journals 50 Role of fatty acid nutrition in milk fat synthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 24-25
Author(s):  
Adam L Lock
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Energy Partitioning ◽  
Milk Lipid ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fat Synthesis ◽  
Milk Fat Synthesis

Abstract Our understanding of fatty acid (FA) digestion and metabolism in dairy cows has advanced significantly in the last few decades. We now recognize that FA, both of dietary and rumen origin, can have different and specific effects on feed intake, rumen metabolism, small intestine digestibility, milk fat synthesis in the mammary gland, and energy partitioning between the mammary gland and other tissues. We will present research focusing on specific FA and how dairy cows respond differently to combinations of FA. Recent research has highlighted differences in intestinal digestibility among palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), and oleic (cis-9 C18:1) acids, which impacts the amount and profile of absorbed FA available for metabolic purposes including milk fat synthesis. C16:0, C18:0, and cis-9 C18:1 usually comprise the majority of FA present in milk fat and adipose tissue of dairy cows. In addition, these FA comprise the major FA in a wide range of commercially available fat supplements. While these FA have different functions in metabolism, they may also interact with each other by competitive or complementary mechanisms under different physiological conditions. In the mammary gland, milk FA are derived from 2 sources; 16 carbon FA originating from extraction from plasma. 16-carbon FA originate from either de novo or preformed sources. Milk lipid synthesis in the mammary gland is dependent upon the simultaneous supply of short/medium-chain FA and long-chain FA. C16:0 has a higher preference as a substrate to start triglyceride synthesis than C18:0 or cis-9 C18:1. Also, if the amount of preformed FA surpasses the capacity of the mammary gland, these might be redirected to other tissues (e.g. adipose tissue) altering energy partitioning. In the future, the opportunity and challenge will be to continue to improve our understanding of how and which FA affect nutrient digestion, energy partitioning, and milk synthesis in lactating dairy cows and effectively apply this knowledge in the feeding and management of high producing dairy cows.

Identification of genes affecting milk fat and fatty acid composition in Vrindavani crossbred cattle using 50 K SNP-Chip

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akansha Singh ◽  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Cedric Gondro ◽  
Andrea Renata da Silva Romero ◽  
A. Karthikeyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
Snp Chip

scholarly journals Regulation of lipogenic capacity in lactating rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 208 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Grigor ◽  
A Geursen ◽  
M J Sneyd ◽  
S M Warren
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Lipogenic Enzymes ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Specific Activities

1. The rate of mammary-gland lipogenesis measured in vivo from 3H2O was suppressed after decreasing the milk demand by decreasing the number of pups from ten to two or three, as well as by giving diets containing lipid [Grigor & Warren (1980) Biochem. J. 188, 61-65]. 2. The specific activities of the lipogenic enzymes fatty acid synthase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and ‘malic’ enzyme increased between 6- and 10-fold in the mammary gland and between 2- and 3-fold in the livers during the first 10 days of lactation. The increases in specific activity coupled with the doubling of liver mass which occurred during pregnancy and lactation resulted in considerable differences in total liver activities when compared with virgin animals. 3. Although consumption of a diet containing 20% peanut oil suppressed the activities of the three lipogenic enzymes in the livers, only the ‘malic’ enzyme was affected in the mammary glands. 4. In contrast, decreased milk demand did not affect the specific activities of any of the liver enzymes, whereas it resulted in suppression of all three lipogenic enzymes of the mammary glands. There was no effect on either the cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase or the lactate dehydrogenase of the mammary gland. 5. In all the experiments performed, the activity of the fatty acid synthase correlated with the amount of material precipitated by the rabbit antibody raised against rat fatty acid synthase.

Seasonal variations in the composition and thermal properties of New Zealand milk fat: I. Fatty-acid composition

1973 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. K. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Weight Percentage

SummaryThe fatty-acid composition of 17 samples of New Zealand milk fat obtained throughout one dairy season is reported.The weight percentage of butyric (C4:0) acid was significantly correlated with that of caproic (C6:0) acid and that of caprylic (C8:0) acid. Percentages of C6:0and C8:0showed a highly significant correlation with each other and with weight percentages of capric (C10:0) and lauric (C12:0) acids.There was a highly significant negative correlation between palmitic (C16:0) and stearic (C18:0) acids and between C4:0and C16:0acids. Oleic (C18:1) acid showed significant negative correlations with C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, myristic (C14:0) and C16:0acids.

MicroRNA-432 inhibits milk fat synthesis by targeting SCD and LPL in ovine mammary epithelial cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyun Hao ◽  
Yuzhu Luo ◽  
Jiqing Wang ◽  
Jon Hickford ◽  
Huitong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Differentially Expressed Mirnas ◽  
Fat Synthesis ◽  
Milk Fat Synthesis

In our previous studies, microRNA-432 (miR-432) was found to be one of differentially expressed miRNAs in ovine mammary gland between the two breeds of lactating sheep with different milk production...

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