scholarly journals Studies of the chemical composition of a healing skin wound in rats, and of the concentrations of some constituents of tissues distant from the healing wound

1967 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 767-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Candlish ◽  
N. Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Skin Wound ◽  
Neutral Salt ◽  
Polythene Tube ◽  
Healing Wound ◽  
Muscle Water

1. A skin lesion was made in rats by dorsal incision and the insertion of a polythene tube. 2. Over a period of 25 days after wounding, assays were performed for ascorbic acid, DNA, hydroxyproline, methionine, tryptophan, tyrosine and free amino acids in the lesion tissue. 3. The neutral-salt-soluble proteins of the lesion tissue were fractionated on DEAE-Sephadex, with the separation of fibrinogen and gamma-globulin from a serum protein fraction. 4. Over a period of 20 days after wounding, in wounded rats and in controls, assays were conducted for: ascorbic acid in lens and liver, hydroxyproline, soluble protein, methionine and water in muscle and tendon, and free amino acids in muscle. 5. Relative to controls there was a decrease in lens and liver ascorbic acid, a rise in tendon hydroxyproline, a rise in muscle free amino acids, a fall in muscle protein and a rise in tendon and muscle water.

Reproduction Versus Somatic Growth: Hormonal Control in Octopus Vulgaris

1978 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. O'DOR ◽  
M. J. WELLS
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Gland Secretion ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Octopus Vulgaris ◽  
Precocious Maturity

Octopus vulgaris can be forced into precocious maturity by removal of the subpedunculate lobe from the brain, an operation that releases the optic glands from inhibition, and allows them to secrete a gonadotropin. 14C-leucine was injected into the bloodstream of immature animals and its subsequent incorporation into muscle protein followed by taking successive samples from the arms. The optic glands were then activated, and a further injection of 3H-leucine given and followed by means of further arm samples. Optic gland secretion suppresses protein synthesis in the muscles. This is associated with an increase in the total amino acid pool in the muscles and with a considerable increase in the concentration of free amino acids circulating in the blood. If an ovary is present these events are associated with a rapid growth of the ovary and its ducts, and a loss of weight elsewhere. In ovariectomized animals the ducts grow, but there is no yolk to absorb the large pool of free amino acids, and the animals gain weight by osmotic uptake of water into the muscles. The developing ovary may produce a hormone that increases the release of amino acids from muscle, since the concentration circulating in the blood of intact animals remains at least as high as in ovariectomized octopuses, despite the demands of the developing ovary. These matters are discussed in relation to other evidence for a gonadial hormone and in relation to the ‘self-destruct’ effect of the optic gland secretion in determining the post-reproductive death of octopuses.

Intracellular Free Amino Acids in Muscle Tissue of Patients with Chronic Uraemia: Effect of Peritoneal Dialysis and Infusion of Essential Amino Acids

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bergström ◽  
P. Fürst ◽  
L.-O. Norée ◽  
E. Vinnars
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Chronic Uraemia ◽  
Muscle Water ◽  
Intracellular Concentrations

1. Free amino acids were determined in the plasma and in the muscle tissue of 14 patients with chronic uraemia; eight were not on dialysis and six were having regular peritoneal dialysis. The concentration of each amino acid in muscle water was calculated with the chloride method. 2. In both groups of patients there were low intracellular concentrations of threonine, valine, tyrosine and carnosine, and high glycine/valine and phenylalanine/tyrosine ratios. Both groups of patients had increased amounts of 1- and 3-methylhistidine in plasma and in muscle water. 3. The non-dialysed patients had low intracellular concentrations of lysine, and the dialysed patients had high intracellular concentrations of lysine, isoleucine, leucine and of some of the non-essential amino acids. 4. After peritoneal dialysis for 22 h, the plasma concentration of several amino acids decreased but the intracellular concentrations of most amino acids did not change significantly. 5. Intravenous administration of essential amino acids and histidine during the last 4 h of dialysis increased in muscle the total free amino acids, the ratio of essential to non-essential amino acids and the valine and phenylalanine concentrations. 6. The results demonstrated that the plasma and muscle concentrations of several amino acids are grossly abnormal in chronic uraemia. Non-dialysed and dialysed patients exhibit important differences, especially in the intracellular amino acid patterns. Infusion of essential amino acids may result in enhancement of protein synthesis.

scholarly journals Lipoic Acid and Ascorbic Acid Affect Plasma Free Amino Acids Selectively in the Teleost Fish Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus)

2004 ◽  
Vol 134 (11) ◽  
pp. 2930-2934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bendik F. Terjesen ◽  
Kwan Park ◽  
Marcelo B. Tesser ◽  
Maria C. Portella ◽  
Yongfang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Teleost Fish ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Piaractus Mesopotamicus ◽  
Plasma Free Amino Acids

scholarly journals Ingestion of Free Amino Acids as Opposed to Intact Protein Increases Amino Acid Absorption but Does Not Further Augment Postprandial Muscle Protein Synthesis Rates

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 673-673
Author(s):  
Michelle E G Weijzen ◽  
Rob JJ van Gassel ◽  
Imre W K Kouw ◽  
Stefan H M Gorissen ◽  
Marcel CG van de Poll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Acid Absorption ◽  
Amino Acid Absorption

Abstract Objectives The rate of protein digestion and amino acid absorption determines the postprandial rise in circulating amino acids and, as such, modulates postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates. This study compares protein digestion and amino acid absorption kinetics and the subsequent muscle protein synthetic response following ingestion of intact protein versus an equivalent amount of free, crystalline amino acids. Methods Twenty-four healthy, young subjects (age: 22 ± 3 y, BMI: 23 ± 2 kg·m−2, sex: 12 M/12F) ingested 30 g intrinsically L-[1–13C]-phenylalanine and L-[1–13C]-leucine labeled milk protein (PROT; n = 12) or an equivalent amount of free amino acids (AA; n = 12). In addition, subjects received primed continuous L-[ring-2H5]-phenylalanine, L-[ring-3,5–2H2]-tyrosine, and L-[1–13C]-leucine infusions. Blood samples and muscle biopsies were obtained frequently to assess protein digestion and amino acid absorption kinetics and subsequent muscle protein synthesis rates over a 6 h postprandial period. An unpaired t-test was used to compare overall exogenous phenylalanine release in plasma. For other parameters repeated measures ANOVA were applied to determine differences between groups over time (time as within, and group as between-subjects factor). Data are expressed as mean ± SD. Results Postprandial plasma amino acid concentrations and exogenous phenylalanine appearance rates increased after ingestion of PROT and AA (both, P < 0.001), with a greater increase following ingestion of AA when compared to PROT (time*group interaction P < 0.001). Exogenous phenylalanine release in plasma assessed over the 6 h postprandial period, was greater in AA (76 ± 9%) compared with PROT (59 ± 10%; P < 0.001). Ingestion of AA and PROT strongly increased muscle protein synthesis rates based upon L-[ring-2H5]-phenylalanine (time effect P < 0.001), with no differences between groups (from 0.037 ± 0.015 to 0.053 ± 0.014%·h−1 and from 0.039 ± 0.016 to 0.051 ± 0.010%·h−1, respectively; time*group interaction P = 0.629). Conclusions Ingestion of free amino acids as opposed to intact milk protein is followed by more rapid amino acid absorption and greater postprandial plasma amino acid availability, but this does not further augment postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates. Funding Sources This research did not receive external funding.

scholarly journals Partial Characterization of a Low-Molecular-Mass Fraction with Cryoprotectant Activity from Jumbo Squid (Dosidicus gigas) Mantle Muscle

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Andrés Álvarez-Armenta ◽  
Ramón Pacheco-Aguilar ◽  
Juan Carlos Ramírez-Suárez ◽  
Susana María Scheuren-Acevedo ◽  
Enrique Márquez-Ríos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Protein Functionality ◽  
Dosidicus Gigas ◽  
Jumbo Squid

Freezing conditions affect fish muscle protein functionality due to its denaturation/aggregation. However, jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) muscle protein functionality remains stable even after freezing, probably due to the presence of low-molecular-mass compounds (LMMC) as cryoprotectants. Thus, water-soluble LMMC (<1 kDa) fraction obtained from jumbo squid muscle was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. From its spectra, total carbohydrates, free monosaccharides, free amino acids and ammonium chloride were determined. Cryoprotectant capacity and protein cryostability conferred by LMMC were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. Fraction partial characterization showed that the main components are free amino acids (18.84 mg/g), carbohydrates (67.1 µg/mg) such as monosaccharides (51.1 µg/mg of glucose, fucose and arabinose in total) and ammonium chloride (220.4 µg/mg). Arginine, sarcosine and taurine were the main amino acids in the fraction. LMMC, at the mass fraction present in jumbo squid muscle, lowered the water freezing point to –1.2 °C, inhibiting recrystallization at 0.66 °C. Significant myofibrillar protein stabilization by LMMC was observed after a freeze-thaw cycle compared to control (muscle after extraction of LMMC), proving the effectiveness on jumbo squid protein muscle cryo- stability. Osmolytes in LMMC fraction inhibited protein denaturation/aggregation and ice recrystallization, maintaining the muscle structure stable under freezing conditions. LMMC conferred protein cryostability even at the very low mass fraction in the muscle.

Prospects for the use of Chrysanthemum coronarium (L.) in medicinal crop production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.I. Tarasova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Chrysanthemum Coronarium ◽  
Medicinal Crop

А brief overview of the relevance of using garland chrysanthemum (Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach syn. Chrysanthemum coronarium (L.)) as a raw material in the preparation of medicaments is introduced in this article. High contents of micro- and macroelements were found in garland chrysanthemum, as well as other biologically active compounds, of which anthraquinones, flavonoids, carotenoids and ascorbic acid can be considered the main ones, likewise vitamins B, PP and free amino acids.

scholarly journals Measurement of the rates of protein synthesis in rabbits. A method for the estimation of rates of change in the specific radioactivities of free amino acids during continuous infusions

1980 ◽  
Vol 192 (2) ◽  
pp. 623-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
G E Lobley ◽  
S P Robins ◽  
R M Palmer ◽  
I McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits

1. A method is described by which, from analysis of terminal samples, the rate constants that define the changes in specific radioactivity of free amino acids during continuous infusions can be estimated. The method involves the infusion of 3H-labelled and 14C-labelled forms of an amino acid for different, but overlapping, periods. 2. The procedure was developed for infusions of proline and tyrosine into New Zealand White rabbits and the rate constants were determined for blood and muscle. 3. The rate constant for equilibrium of radioactive free proline was much lower in muscle than in blood, and indicated that a plateau condition may not be attained in muscle by the end of a 6 h infusion. 4. Comparison of the ratio of areas under the curves of estimated specific radioactivity plotted versus time with the 3H/14C ratio of bound amino acid in muscle protein suggested that radioactive proline and tyrosine may be incorporated preferentially from an extracellular rather than an intracellular source.

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