scholarly journals The effect of normal development and of undernutrition on the exchange of[32P]orthophosphate with bone powder in vitro

1966 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 489-490
Author(s):  
RA McCance ◽  
RN Misra
Keyword(s):  
Normal Development ◽  
Bone Powder

scholarly journals Peculiarities of in vitro parthenogenesis of unpollinated maize ovaries

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Tatyana Alekseevna Alatortseva
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Mother Plant ◽  
Maize Line ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Parthenogenetic Embryo ◽  
Direct Embryogenesis ◽  
Agricultural Plants

The maize line AT-1 is characterized by a hereditary predisposition to parthenogenesis. The aim of this investigation is to study parthenogenetic embryo development in the culture of unpollinated ovaries in vitro . The unpollinated ovaries were explanted in 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 days after the appearance of stigmas from ears. The nutrient medium included mineral components of MS, vitamins, sucrose (9,0%), 2,4-D (2,0 mg/l), agar-agar. The structure of megagametophytes at the time of inoculation of the ovaries and on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21th, 28th day of cultivation was studied. The first divisions of unfertilized egg cells were observed on the 5th-7th day after appearance of stigmas from ears, independently from whether all this time the ovaries were on the mother plant or they were inoculated into the nutrient medium. The formation of the autonomous abnormal endosperm in some cultivated ovaries was detected. The abnormal endosperm disturbed normal development of the proembryo. As a rule, the ovaries with embryo and endosperm degenerated. In the absence of endosperm, the morphogenesis of parthenogenetic proembryos was carried out in one of two directions in vitro : 1) development of plants by direct embryogenesis; 2) regeneration of plants from numerous embryoids, raised on the surface of globular proembryos. The second direction was prevailed. The culture of unpollinated ovaries can be a promising method of mass haploid regenerants not only in maize, but also in other types of agricultural plants.

scholarly journals A multiple drug loaded, functionalized pH-sensitive nanocarrier as therapeutic and epigenetic modulator for osteosarcoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Yuan ◽  
Jia-Xing Song ◽  
Mei-Na Zhang ◽  
Bao-Shan Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Zoledronic Acid ◽  
Cellular Uptake ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Burst Release ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies ◽  
Bone Powder ◽  
Vitro Release

Abstract Osteosarcoma is a malignant condition affecting adolescents and children more than adults. Nanobiomedicine has opened up several avenues which have increased therapeutic efficiencies than the conventional treatment for the same. In the current study, a novel organic nanoparticle was devised conjugated with bisphosphonate zoledronic acid which has an affinity for bone tissues. Moreover, the nanoparticle was loaded with multiple anti-cancer drugs like gemcitabine and epirubicin. The nanoparticles were characterized by microscopic analysis, entrapment and loading efficiencies, bone affinity studies, in-vitro release studies, cytotoxicity studies and finally in-vivo tumor regression studies. Bone affinity studies depicted a high affinity of zoledronic acid towards bone powder. The nanoparticle exhibited a nanosize dimension, high entrapment and loading efficiencies with uniform symmetry devoid of agglomeration. The in-vitro release experiments showed a measured release of drugs over a longer time without any hint of burst release. However, the release was comparatively for a longer duration in acidic pH and normal physiological pH which may be excellent for therapeutic efficiency. The cytotoxicity studies revealed enhanced cytotoxic effect for MG-63 cell lines in comparison of free drug or single drug combinations. Nonetheless, they proved to be cytocompatible with primary bone cells. Additionally, cellular uptake of nanoparticle was appreciably improved. Significant tumor (250%) regression was seen upon treatment with multiple drug loaded zoledronic acid conjugated nanoparticle, along with epigenetic changes affecting microRNA expressions. The increased cytotoxicity and increased cellular uptake may be of greater advantage in systemic osteosarcoma therapy. Combining all results, our study demonstrated substantial potential towards management of osteosarcoma.

Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Regeneration

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 377-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Momoko Ikeuchi ◽  
David S. Favero ◽  
Yuki Sakamoto ◽  
Akira Iwase ◽  
Duncan Coleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Cell Fates ◽  
Developmental Programs ◽  
Hormonal Responses ◽  
Wound Stress ◽  
Directional Transport

Plants reprogram somatic cells following injury and regenerate new tissues and organs. Upon perception of inductive cues, somatic cells often dedifferentiate, proliferate, and acquire new fates to repair damaged tissues or develop new organs from wound sites. Wound stress activates transcriptional cascades to promote cell fate reprogramming and initiate new developmental programs. Wounding also modulates endogenous hormonal responses by triggering their biosynthesis and/or directional transport. Auxin and cytokinin play pivotal roles in determining cell fates in regenerating tissues and organs. Exogenous application of these plant hormones enhances regenerative responses in vitro by facilitating the activation of specific developmental programs. Many reprogramming regulators are epigenetically silenced during normal development but are activated by wound stress and/or hormonal cues.

scholarly journals Role of kinase-independent and -dependent functions of FAK in endothelial cell survival and barrier function during embryonic development

2010 ◽  
Vol 189 (6) ◽  
pp. 955-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofeng Zhao ◽  
Xu Peng ◽  
Shaogang Sun ◽  
Ann Y.J. Park ◽  
Jun-Lin Guan
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Vascular Development ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cadherin ◽  
Abnormal Distribution ◽  
Endothelial Cell Survival ◽  
Independent Functions

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is essential for vascular development as endothelial cell (EC)–specific knockout of FAK (conditional FAK knockout [CFKO] mice) leads to embryonic lethality. In this study, we report the differential kinase-independent and -dependent functions of FAK in vascular development by creating and analyzing an EC-specific FAK kinase-defective (KD) mutant knockin (conditional FAK knockin [CFKI]) mouse model. CFKI embryos showed apparently normal development through embryonic day (E) 13.5, whereas the majority of CFKO embryos died at the same stage. Expression of KD FAK reversed increased EC apoptosis observed with FAK deletion in embryos and in vitro through suppression of up-regulated p21. However, vessel dilation and defective angiogenesis of CFKO embryos were not rescued in CFKI embryos. ECs without FAK or expressing KD FAK showed increased permeability, abnormal distribution of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin), and reduced VE-cadherin Y658 phosphorylation. Together, our data suggest that kinase-independent functions of FAK can support EC survival in vascular development through E13.5 but are insufficient for maintaining EC function to allow for completion of embryogenesis.

In Vitro Fertilization of Bovine Oocytes Matured In Vitro

1997 ◽  
Vol 1987 ◽  
pp. 28-28
Author(s):  
K.H. Lu ◽  
I. Gordon ◽  
M.P. Boland ◽  
T.F. Crosby
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Laboratory Procedure ◽  
Commercial Exploitation ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Bovine Oocytes

The development of an efficient laboratory procedure which would enable cattle ovarian oocytes to be matured in vitro, fertilized and cultured in vitro to the blastocyst stage of development could have important practical and scientific implications. The commercial exploitation of certain embryo transfer techniques applicable in cattle (eg., twinning by embryo transfer) might be facilitated by the development of such a procedure and there would be many advantages to having a cheap source of embryos available for research purposes. The present report deals with some of the studies recently carried out in this laboratory aimed at utilising follicular oocytes recovered from the ovaries of cattle slaughtered for beef at the abattoir. Such studies have been undertaken over a period of almost twenty years, starting with the work of Sreenan (1968)* but it now realised that the oocytes of farm mammals are incapable of normal development until after the completion of complex changes during maturation.

Effect of Bicarbonate on the Behaviour of the Ions of Human Bone Powder in vitro

Nature ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 193 (4810) ◽  
pp. 65-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES MACGREGOR ◽  
B. E. C. NORDIN
Keyword(s):  
Human Bone ◽  
Bone Powder

Differentiation of Human Embryonal Carcinomas In vitro and In vivo Reveals Expression Profiles Relevant to Normal Development

2005 ◽  
Vol 65 (13) ◽  
pp. 5588-5598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf I. Skotheim ◽  
Guro E. Lind ◽  
Outi Monni ◽  
Jahn M. Nesland ◽  
Vera M. Abeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Development ◽  
Expression Profiles

scholarly journals Inhibition of β-Catenin Activity Abolishes LKB1 Loss-Driven Pancreatic Cystadenoma in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4649
Author(s):  
Mei-Jen Hsieh ◽  
Ching-Chieh Weng ◽  
Yu-Chun Lin ◽  
Chia-Chen Wu ◽  
Li-Tzong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Development ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Epithelial Polarity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Upstream Kinase ◽  
Pancreatic Cystadenoma ◽  
Peutz Jeghers Syndrome ◽  
Functional Analyses

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the seventh leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and remains one of our most recalcitrant and dismal diseases. In contrast to many other malignancies, there has not been a significant improvement in patient survival over the past decade. Despite advances in our understanding of the genetic alterations associated with this disease, an incomplete understanding of the underlying biology and lack of suitable animal models have hampered efforts to develop more effective therapies. LKB1 is a tumor suppressor that functions as a primary upstream kinase of adenine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is an important mediator in the regulation of cell growth and epithelial polarity pathways. LKB1 is mutated in a significant number of Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (PJS) patients and in a small proportion of sporadic cancers, including PC; however, little is known about how LKB1 loss contributes to PC development. Here, we report that a reduction in Wnt/β-catenin activity is associated with LKB1 tumor-suppressive properties in PC. Remarkably, in vivo functional analyses of β-catenin in the Pdx-1-Cre LKB1L/L β-cateninL/L mouse model compared to LKB1 loss-driven cystadenoma demonstrate that the loss of β-catenin impairs cystadenoma development in the pancreas of Pdx-1Cre LKB1L/L mice and dramatically restores the normal development and functions of the pancreas. This study further determined the in vivo and in vitro therapeutic efficacy of the β-catenin inhibitor FH535 in suppressing LKB1 loss-driven cystadenoma and reducing PC progression that delineates the potential roles of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in PC harboring LKB1 deficiency.

scholarly journals Hydrosalpinx fluid does not adversely affect the normal development of human embryos and implantation in vitro

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2921-2925 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Strandell ◽  
A. Sjogren ◽  
U. Bentin-Ley ◽  
J. Thorburn ◽  
L. Hamberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Development ◽  
Human Embryos
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