scholarly journals Protoplast formation and yeast cell-wall structure. The action of the enzymes of the snail, Helix pomatia

1966 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 682-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
FB Anderson ◽  
JW Millbank
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Helix Pomatia ◽  
Cell Wall Structure ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Protoplast Formation ◽  
Snail Helix Pomatia

scholarly journals Up against the Wall: Is Yeast Cell Wall Integrity Ensured by Mechanosensing in Plasma Membrane Microdomains?

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 806-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Kock ◽  
Yves F. Dufrêne ◽  
Jürgen J. Heinisch
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Cell Wall Integrity ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall ◽  
Membrane Microdomains ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Membrane Spanning

ABSTRACTYeast cell wall integrity (CWI) signaling serves as a model of the regulation of fungal cell wall synthesis and provides the basis for the development of antifungal drugs. A set of five membrane-spanning sensors (Wsc1 to Wsc3, Mid2, and Mtl1) detect cell surface stress and commence the signaling pathway upon perturbations of either the cell wall structure or the plasma membrane. We here summarize the latest advances in the structure/function relationship primarily of the Wsc1 sensor and critically review the evidence that it acts as a mechanosensor. The relevance and physiological significance of the information obtained for the function of the other CWI sensors, as well as expected future developments, are discussed.

scholarly journals Sbe2p and Sbe22p, Two Homologous Golgi Proteins Involved in Yeast Cell Wall Formation

2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Santos ◽  
Michael Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Cell Wall Structure ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Cell Integrity ◽  
Cell Morphogenesis ◽  
Chitin Synthesis ◽  
Cell Wall Components ◽  
Wall Components

The cell wall of fungal cells is important for cell integrity and cell morphogenesis and protects against harmful environmental conditions. The yeast cell wall is a complex structure consisting mainly of mannoproteins, glucan, and chitin. The molecular mechanisms by which the cell wall components are synthesized and transported to the cell surface are poorly understood. We have identified and characterized two homologous yeast proteins, Sbe2p and Sbe22p, through their suppression of a chs5 spa2 mutant strain defective in chitin synthesis and cell morphogenesis. Althoughsbe2 and sbe22 null mutants are viable,sbe2 sbe22 cells display several phenotypes indicative of defects in cell integrity and cell wall structure. First,sbe2 sbe22 cells display a sorbitol-remediable lysis defect at 37°C and are hypersensitive to SDS and calcofluor. Second, electron microscopic analysis reveals that sbe2 sbe22cells have an aberrant cell wall structure with a reduced mannoprotein layer. Finally, immunofluorescence experiments reveal that in small-budded cells, sbe2 sbe22 mutants mislocalize Chs3p, a protein involved in chitin synthesis. In addition, sbe2 sbe22 diploids have a bud-site selection defect, displaying a random budding pattern. A Sbe2p–GFP fusion protein localizes to cytoplasmic patches, and Sbe2p cofractionates with Golgi proteins. Deletion of CHS5, which encodes a Golgi protein involved in the transport of Chs3p to the cell periphery, is lethal in combination with disruption of SBE2 andSBE22. Thus, we suggest a model in which Sbe2p and Sbe22p are involved in the transport of cell wall components from the Golgi apparatus to the cell surface periphery in a pathway independent of Chs5p.

scholarly journals Exogenous calcium ions enhance patulin adsorption capability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Luo ◽  
Xiaojiao Liu ◽  
Yanqing Han ◽  
Jianke Li
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Fruit Processing ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Exogenous Calcium ◽  
Adsorption Capability

AbstractPatulin contamination is a severe issue that restricts the development of the global fruit processing industry. Yeast adsorbs patulin more effectively than other microbial adsorbents, and this adsorption process mainly depends on the function of the cell wall. Additionally, exogenous calcium ions aid in yeast cell wall formation according to reports. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of exogenous calcium concentrations on the cell wall structure and the patulin adsorption capability was studied. We showed that the ability of the yeast to adsorb patulin was strengthened with an increase in exogenous calcium concentrations between 1×10-4 - 1×10-2 mol/L. Moreover, yeast cell wall thickness, β-1,3-glucan content and the activities of the key catalytic enzymes β-1,3-glucanase and β-1,3-glycosyl transferase were all increased within this range. The results indicated that exogenous calcium activates key enzymes and that these enzymes are crucial for cell wall network formation and patulin adsorption capability.ImportanceThe present work illuminates that the exogenous calcium ions could determine the insoluble network structure by regulating key enzyme activities under certain concentrations, thus indirectly influencing the yeast cell patulin adsorption capability. It could enhance patulin adsorption capability of yeast walls and successfully apply to fruit juice industry.

Electron microscopy of the conidial protoplasts of Neurospova crassa

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1561-1564 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Manocha
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Cell Wall Structure ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Protoplast Formation ◽  
Small Pore ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Micromorphology of conidia resembles that of young hyphae except for the details of the cell wall structure, which is thicker and prominently developed in unhydrated conidia. Although mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum are present in ungerminated conidia, these organelles increase greatly during germination, and vacuoles increase in size and number. Naked protoplasts protrude through a small pore in the partially digested wall of the conidium. Free protoplasts synthesize new wall material when incubated in a regenerative mixture. Similarities and differences between conidial germination and protoplast formation and regeneration are noted.

scholarly journals Peptidogalactomannan from Histoplasma capsulatum yeast cell wall: role of the chemical structure in recognition and activation by peritoneal macrophages

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Maria Pires dos Santos ◽  
Gustavo Ramalho Cardoso dos Santos ◽  
Mariana Ingrid Dutra da Silva Xisto ◽  
Rodrigo Rollin-Pinheiro ◽  
Andréa Regina de Souza Baptista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Yeast Cell Wall
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