scholarly journals A function of the Golgi apparatus in polysaccharide synthesis and transport in the root-cap cells of wheat

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
DH Northcote ◽  
JD Pickett-Heaps
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Root Cap ◽  
Polysaccharide Synthesis

The Golgi apparatus of the scaly green flagellate Scherffelia dubia : uncoupling of glycoprotein and polysaccharide synthesis during flagellar regeneration

Planta ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 210 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Perasso ◽  
Andrea Grunow ◽  
Ines Maria Brüntrup ◽  
Barbara Bölinger ◽  
Michael Melkonian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Polysaccharide Synthesis ◽  
Flagellar Regeneration ◽  
Green Flagellate ◽  
Scherffelia Dubia

Golgi apparatus mediated polysaccharide secretion by outer root cap cells of Zea mays

Planta ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. James Morr� ◽  
Daniel D. Jones ◽  
Hilton H. Mollenhauer
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Root Cap ◽  
Polysaccharide Secretion

The synthesis and transport of some plant glycoproteins

1982 ◽  
Vol 300 (1099) ◽  
pp. 195-206 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Root Cap ◽  
Maize Root ◽  
Carbohydrate Moiety ◽  
Plant Glycoproteins

Maize root slime is secreted by the outer root-cap cells. It is a complex of at least three polysaccharides, two of which are acidic and contain a high proportion of fucose. The polysaccharides are assembled and secreted by the endoplasmic reticulum and dictyosomes of the cells. It has been found that the synthesis of fucose-containing oligosaccharides takes place by an assembly of at least nine sugar residues on a polyprenyl diphosphate acceptor and this occurs at the endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, a glycoprotein carrying a large molecular mass carbohydrate portion containing fucose is synthesized mainly within the Golgi apparatus, although synthesis may be initiated in the endoplasmic reticulum. This glycoprotein could be an intermediate in the synthesis of slime polysaccharide, and the carbohydrate moiety of the glycoprotein may be assembled by transglycosylations from the polyprenyl diphosphate oligosaccharides.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of chondroitin sulphate by a Golgi-apparatus-enriched preparation from cultures of mouse mastocytoma cells

1980 ◽  
Vol 190 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
J E Silbert ◽  
L S Freilich
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Suspension Culture ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Chondroitin Sulphate ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Active Location ◽  
Polysaccharide Synthesis ◽  
Mastocytoma Cells

Mouse mastocytoma cells grown in suspension culture produce chondroitin 4-sulphate. A Golgi-apparatus-enriched fraction from these cells was prepared and examined for chondroitin-synthesizing activity. When Golgi-apparatus-enriched fractions were incubated with UDP-[14C]glucuronic acid and UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, they demonstrated a greater than 13-fold increase in chondroitin-synthesizing activity over cell homogenates. Similar incubations with the addition of a pentasaccharide from chondroitin sulphate resulted in a greater than 40-fold increase in [14C]glucuronic acid-incorporating activity over cell homogenates. Other membrane fractions had much less activity, suggesting that the Golgi apparatus is the most active location for chondroitin biosynthesis. Products of the incubations indicated the formation of [14C]chondroitin glycosaminoglycan on endogenous primers and formation of [14C]-hexasaccharide and somewhat larger [14C]oligosaccharides on exogenous pentasaccharide acceptors. There was, however, a significant amount of large [14C]-chondroitin glycosaminoglycan formed on pentasaccharide, indicating that some pentasaccharide did serve as a true primer for polysaccharide synthesis.

Relationship between golgi apparatus and axonal reticulum in sympathetic ganglion cells

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 598-599
Author(s):  
J. Quatacker ◽  
W. De Potter
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglion ◽  
Phosphotungstic Acid ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Dense Core ◽  
Dense Core Vesicles ◽  
Large Dense Core Vesicles ◽  
Cervical Ganglia ◽  
Axoplasmic Reticulum

Mucopolysaccharides have been demonstrated biochemically in catecholamine-containing subcellular particles in different rat, cat and ox tissues. As catecholamine-containing granules seem to arise from the Golgi apparatus and some also from the axoplasmic reticulum we examined wether carbohydrate macromolecules could be detected in the small and large dense core vesicles and in structures related to them. To this purpose superior cervical ganglia and irises from rabbit and cat and coeliac ganglia and their axons from dog were subjected to the chromaffin reaction to show the distribution of catecholamine-containing granules. Some material was also embedded in glycolmethacrylate (GMA) and stained with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) at low pH for the detection of carbohydrate macromolecules.The chromaffin reaction in the perikarya reveals mainly large dense core vesicles, but in the axon hillock, the axons and the terminals, the small dense core vesicles are more prominent. In the axons the small granules are sometimes seen inside a reticular network (fig. 1).

Golgi Apparatus and Melanogenesis: Ultrastructural Study of a Human Cellular Blue Nevus (Melanocytoma)

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 380-381
Author(s):  
S.R. Allegra
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blue Nevus ◽  
Normal Complement ◽  
Golgi Vesicles ◽  
Golgi System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cellular Blue Nevus

The respective roles of the ribo somes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and perhaps nucleus in the synthesis and maturation of melanosomes is still the subject of some controversy. While the early melanosomes (premelanosomes) have been frequently demonstrated to originate as Golgi vesicles, it is undeniable that these structures can be formed in cells in which Golgi system is not found. This report was prompted by the findings in an essentially amelanotic human cellular blue nevus (melanocytoma) of two distinct lines of melanocytes one of which was devoid of any trace of Golgi apparatus while the other had normal complement of this organelle.

A Protozoan Model for Golgi-Associated Calcification

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 332-333
Author(s):  
D. C. Williams ◽  
D. E. Outka
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Model System ◽  
Sequential Formation

Many studies have shown that the Golgi apparatus is involved in a variety of synthetic activities, and probably no Golgi product is more elaborate than the scales produced by various kinds of phytoflagellates. The formation of calcified scales (coccoliths, Fig. 1,2) of the coccolithophorid phytoflagellates provides a particularly interesting model system for the study of biological mineralization, and the sequential formation of Golgi products.The coccoliths of Hymenomonas carterae consist of a scale-like base (Fig. 2 and 4, b) with a highly structured calcified (CaCO3) rim composed of two distinct elements which alternate about the base periphery (Fig. 1 and 3, A, B). Each element is enveloped by a sheath-like organic matrix (Fig. 3; Fig. 4, m).

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