scholarly journals Studies on bone enzymes. The assay of acid hydrolases and other enzymes in bone tissue

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Vaes ◽  
P Jacques
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Acid Hydrolases ◽  
Newborn Rat ◽  
Optimum Activity ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Acid Deoxyribonuclease ◽  
Beta Galactosidase

1. Nine acid hydrolases, cytochrome oxidase, alkaline phenylphosphatase and catalase were demonstrated in 0.25m-sucrose homogenates of newborn-rat calvaria. The acid hydrolases were: acid phenylphosphatase, acid beta-glycerophosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (beta-N-acetylaminodeoxyglucosidase), acid ribonuclease and acid deoxyribonuclease, showing optimum activity at about pH5; cathepsin, beta-galactosidase and hyaluronidase, with optimum activity at about pH3.6. 2. The main kinetic characters of these enzymes have been studied and methods for their quantitative assay have been worked out. The activities present in bone are given and compared with those found in liver. 3. Acid-phosphatase activity was assayed with phenyl phosphate and beta-glycerophosphate as substrates: activities with these two substrates appeared to be due to two different enzymes. Acid phenylphosphatase is particularly labile and is readily inactivated by various physical or chemical agents.

scholarly journals LYSOSOMES IN SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE

1970 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Canonico ◽  
John W. C. Bird
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Cathepsin D ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Equilibrium Density ◽  
Acid Hydrolases ◽  
Triton Wr 1339 ◽  
Arylsulfatase Activity

Postnuclear supernates from homogenates of skeletal muscle from rats subjected to starvation, injections of Triton WR-1339, dextran-500, and dextran + corticosterone were fractionated by means of rate and isopycnic zonal centrifugation in sucrose—0.02 M KCl gradients. Zonal fractions were analyzed for protein, RNA, cytochrome oxidase, and up to six acid hydrolases. The results indicate the presence of two groups of lysosome-like particles. One group contributes approximately 95% of the cathepsin D and acid phosphatase activity and 75% of the acid ribonuclease, ß-glucuronidase, and arylsulfatase activity in muscle. It is characterized by a modal equilibrium density of 1.18 that is decreased by starvation, but is not shifted by dextran-500 or Triton WR-1339. The second group has a higher proportion of acid ribonuclease, ß-glucuronidase, and arylsulftase; the equilibrium density can be shifted by dextran-500 and Triton WR-1339. It is suggested that this group of lysosomes is derived from macrophages and other connective tissue cells, whereas the former group represents lysosome-like particles from muscle cells.

Cell death in the ‘opaque patch’ in the central mesenchyme of the developing chick limb: a cytological, cytochemical and electron microscopic analysis

Development ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-424
Author(s):  
D. S. Dawd ◽  
J. R. Hinchliffe
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Mesenchymal Cells ◽  
Dead Cell ◽  
Acid Hydrolases ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Secondary Lysosomes ◽  
Mesenchyme Cells

Cell death in the ‘opaque patch’ of central mesenchyme of the developing chick forelimb was investigated by a variety of light and electron-microscope cytological and cytochemical techniques. Cell death appears first at stage 23/4 (4 days) and reaches its maximum extent at stages 24 and 25 (4½ and 5 days), at which it separates the ulnar and radial mesenchymal condensations. It then decreases in size to a small area separating the proximal parts of radius and ulna and disappears at stage 28. Cytological studies show the presence of a few isolated dead cells, of mesenchymal cells containing 1–3 ingested dead cells and of macrophages containing up to 18 dead cells in various stages of digestion. These findings are interpreted as showing that isolated dead cells are ingested by neighbouring mesenchymal cells which thus become transformed into macrophages, first ingesting and then digesting further dead cells. Histochemical studies show that isolated dead cells and recently ingested dead cells contain no more acid phosphatase activity, either discrete or diffuse, than either neighbouring living mesenchymal cells, or mesenchymal cells which have ingested 1–3 dead cells. Increased acid phosphatase activity is found within the macrophages, where activity is localized within the digestive vacuoles (‘secondary lysosomes’) containing the dead cells, and within the Golgi apparatus and Golgi vesicles (‘primary lysosomes’) of macrophage cytoplasm. Loss of staining capacity by the dead cell is correlated with high acid phosphatase activity: this is interpreted as indicating the digestion of dead cells within the macrophage by acid hydrolases. There is circumstantial evidence that viable mesenchyme cells in the ‘opaque patch’ area autophagocytose part of their own cytoplasm in secondary lysosomes (1·2–2µm). The role of the ‘opaque patch’ in relation to the pattern of limb chondrogenesis is discussed. It is suggested that cell death may play a role in separation of radius and ulna, and that autophagocytosis may indicate a change in the pathway of differentiation of the mesenchyme cells lying between radius and ulna.

Erythrophagocytosis in the Liver in Hemolytic Anemias

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 184-185
Author(s):  
O. T. Minick ◽  
E. Orfei ◽  
F. Volini ◽  
G. Kent
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Kupffer Cells ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Fragments ◽  
Reticulo Endothelial System ◽  
Important Site

Hemolytic anemias were produced in rats by administering phenylhydrazine or anti-erythrocytic (rooster) serum, the latter having agglutinin and hemolysin titers exceeding 1:1000.Following administration of phenylhydrazine, the erythrocytes undergo oxidative damage and are removed from the circulation by the cells of the reticulo-endothelial system, predominantly by the spleen. With increasing dosage or if animals are splenectomized, the Kupffer cells become an important site of sequestration and are greatly hypertrophied. Whole red cells are the most common type engulfed; they are broken down in digestive vacuoles, as shown by the presence of acid phosphatase activity (Fig. 1). Heinz body material and membranes persist longer than native hemoglobin. With larger doses of phenylhydrazine, erythrocytes undergo intravascular fragmentation, and the particles phagocytized are now mainly red cell fragments of varying sizes (Fig. 2).

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity and glutathione levels are modulated during hFOB 1.19 osteoblastic differentiation

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 627-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Salles de Souza Malaspina ◽  
Célio Xavier dos Santos ◽  
Ana Paula Campanelli ◽  
Francisco Rafael Martins Laurindo ◽  
Mari Cleide Sogayar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Osteoblastic Differentiation ◽  
Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase
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