scholarly journals Studies on the metabolism of semen. 6. Role of hormones. Effect of castration, hypophysectomy and diabetes. Relation between blood glucose and seminal fructose

1950 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Mann ◽  
U. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose

scholarly journals Role of small leucine zipper protein in hepatic gluconeogenesis and metabolic disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minsoo Kang ◽  
Sun Kyoung Han ◽  
Suhyun Kim ◽  
Sungyeon Park ◽  
Yerin Jo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Disorder ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hepatic Gluconeogenesis ◽  
Leucine Zipper Protein

Abstract Hepatic gluconeogenesis is the central pathway for glucose generation in the body. The imbalance between glucose synthesis and uptake leads to metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Small leucine zipper protein (sLZIP) is an isoform of LZIP and it mainly functions as a transcription factor. Although sLZIP is known to regulate the transcription of genes involved in various cellular processes, the role of sLZIP in hepatic glucose metabolism is not known. In this study, we investigated the regulatory role of sLZIP in hepatic gluconeogenesis and its involvement in metabolic disorder. We found that sLZIP expression was elevated during glucose starvation, leading to the promotion of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and glucose-6-phosphatase expression in hepatocytes. However, sLZIP knockdown suppressed the expression of the gluconeogenic enzymes under low glucose conditions. sLZIP also enhanced glucose production in the human liver cells and mouse primary hepatic cells. Fasting-induced cyclic adenosine monophosphate impeded sLZIP degradation. Results of glucose and pyruvate tolerance tests showed that sLZIP transgenic mice exhibited abnormal blood glucose metabolism. These findings suggest that sLZIP is a novel regulator of gluconeogenic enzyme expression and plays a role in blood glucose homeostasis during starvation.

LPS inhibits fasted plasma ghrelin levels in rats: role of IL-1 and PGs and functional implications

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (4) ◽  
pp. G611-G620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixin Wang ◽  
Nicole R. Basa ◽  
Almaas Shaikh ◽  
Andrew Luckey ◽  
David Heber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
Urocortin 1 ◽  
Fasted Rats

LPS injected intraperitoneally decreases fasted plasma levels of ghrelin at 3 h postinjection in rats. We characterized the inhibitory action of LPS on plasma ghrelin and whether exogenous ghrelin restores LPS-induced suppression of food intake and gastric emptying in fasted rats. Plasma ghrelin and insulin and blood glucose were measured after intraperitoneal injection of LPS, intravenous injection of IL-1β and urocortin 1, and in response to LPS under conditions of blockade of IL-1 or CRF receptors by subcutaneous injection of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) or astressin B, respectively, and prostaglandin (PG) synthesis by intraperitoneal indomethacin. Food intake and gastric emptying were measured after intravenous injection of ghrelin at 5 h postintraperitoneal LPS injection. LPS inhibited the elevated fasted plasma ghrelin levels by 47.6 ± 4.9%, 58.9 ± 3.3%, 74.4 ± 2.7%, and 48.9 ± 8.7% at 2, 3, 5, and 7 h postinjection, respectively, and values returned to preinjection levels at 24 h. Insulin levels were negatively correlated to those of ghrelin, whereas there was no significant correlation between glucose and ghrelin. IL-1Ra and indomethacin prevented the first 3-h decline in ghrelin levels induced by LPS, whereas astressin B did not. IL-1β inhibited plasma ghrelin levels, whereas urocortin 1 had no influence. Ghrelin injected intravenously prevented an LPS-induced 87% reduction of gastric emptying and 61% reduction of food intake. These data showed that IL-1 and PG pathways are part of the early mechanisms by which LPS suppresses fasted plasma ghrelin and that exogenous ghrelin can normalize LPS-induced-altered digestive functions.

Role of single serving form of dairy on satiety and postprandial glycaemia in young and older healthy adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1289-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley Vien ◽  
Hrvoje Fabek ◽  
Yurie Yamagishi ◽  
Ying Ti Lee ◽  
Bohdan L. Luhovyy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Dairy Proteins ◽  
Postprandial Glycaemia ◽  
Whole Milk

Dairy proteins reduce appetite and improve postprandial glycaemic response in adults. However, there are no reports of dairy in amounts usually consumed on satiety and postprandial glycaemia in either young or older adults. In a randomized crossover design, 30 healthy young adults (age: 23.5 ± 0.5 years; body mass index (BMI): 21.8 ± 0.4 kg/m2) and 30 healthy/overweight older adults (age: 65.2 ± 0.5 years; BMI: 24.7 ± 0.6 kg/m2) consumed 1 serving (according to manufacturers’ labels) of skim milk (0.1% milk fat (MF)), whole milk (3.25% MF), plain Greek yogurt (2% MF), cheddar cheese (31% MF), and water (energy-free control) after a 12-h fast. Subjective appetite was measured every 15–30 min over 3 h. Blood glucose and insulin were measured at baseline and every 15–30 min over 2 h. All dairy treatments reduced post-treatment subjective appetite area under the curve (AUC) over 3 h by 8%–17% more than water. Greek yogurt reduced appetite 3-h AUC more than skim and whole milk by 9% and 7%, respectively (p < 0.0001). Post-treatment blood glucose 2-h AUC was 42% lower in young compared with older adults (p = 0.003). It was also 52%–78% lower after cheese compared with milks and yogurt (p < 0.0001). Post-treatment insulin AUC after cheese was only 10%–15% of that after milks and Greek yogurt (p < 0.0001). We conclude that single servings of dairy differ in effect on postprandial satiety and glycaemia and merit consideration in management of metabolic syndrome.

The Role of Biomaterials in Insulin Delivery Systems

1980 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Bruck
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Sensor ◽  
Insulin Delivery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

The control of blood glucose levels in diabetes involving devices are critically reviewed, and the role of blood-contacting biomaterial components analyzed. These include mechanical insulin-delivery systems of the closed-loop type that require an electronic glucose sensor and feedback, and open-loop systems that deliver insulin without a sensor and feedback. Whole pancreatic and islet transplantations, islet encapsulation, and the potential role of polymeric sustained drug delivery systems are discussed. The medical and social impacts of diabetes mellitus are of prime public health concern and of even greater magnitude than those of heart disease in the United States. While future advances in device design, miniaturization, and biometrials technology will significantly add to the arsenal of therapeutic alternatives, devices capable of controlling blood glucose levels ought to be viewed as mere interim phases rather than as final goals of the problem.

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