On the Complete Hydrolytic Decomposition of Egg-Albumin at 180° C

1. Studies were carried out in vitro to examine the effects of phytate on the solubility of the trace elements zinc, copper and manganese. Appropriate volumes of a solution of sodium phytate were added to a mineral solution to achieve phytate: Zn values of from 0: 1 to 45:1. In a second series the same values for phytate: Zn were achieved by varying the amount of added Zn at a fixed phytate concentration.2. In both experiments > 85% of the Zn was rendered insoluble at pH 6.5 even at the lowest value for phytate:Zn (5:1). The effect of phytate on Zn solubility was greater than effects on Cu or Mn.3. In a dietary study, rats were offered a semi-synthetic egg-albumin-based diet with added phytate. Two series of diets were prepared, the first had a constant Zn content (18.5 mg Zn/kg) and the amount of sodium phytate varied so as to achieve values for phytate: Zn of from 0:1 to 40:1 (series 1). In the second series, the same values for phytate:Zn were achieved by adding a fixed amount of phytate (7.4 g phytic acid/kg) while the amount of Zn was varied (series 2).4. Dietary phytate caused significant reductions in growth rates, plasma Zn concentrations and hair Zn concentrations and greying of the coat at values for phytate:Zn of 15:1, 10:1, 10:1 and 15:1, respectively.5. While phytate was apparently slightly more effective in reducing Zn status when phytate:Zn values were achieved at the lower absolute levels of phytate and Zn (series I diets), the differences at equivalent phytate:Zn values were small. It was concluded that phytate:Zn values can be used as an indicator of Zn availability from phytate-rich diets.Rats offered three diets containing soya-bean-based textured-vegetable-protein (TVP) exhibited low rates of weight gain compared with rats offered an egg-albumen-based diet of similar Zn content (14.5 mg Zn/kg). Additional Zn supplied in drinking-water (25 mg Zn/l) was without effect on rats consuming the egg-albumin diet but significantly improved the weight gain of rats on the TVP diets.7. It was concluded that phytate naturally present in TVP behaves similarly to phytate added to an otherwise phytate-free diet and that the reduced availability of Zn in TVP diets can be accounted for entirely by their phytate contents.

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THE ABSORPTION OF PROTEIN SOLUTIONS FROM THE PULMONARY ALVEOLI

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.66.4.449 ◽

1937 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 449-458 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Cecil K. Drinker ◽

Madeleine Field Warren ◽

Margaret MacLanahan

Keyword(s):

Thoracic Duct ◽

Horse Serum ◽

Molecular Size ◽

The Other ◽

Immunological Methods ◽

Protein Solutions ◽

Blood Capillaries ◽

Egg Albumin ◽

Pulmonary Alveoli ◽

The Right

Horse serum, crystallized hemoglobin, and crystallized egg albumin have been injected into the lung alveoli of dogs in which the entrances of the right lymphatics have been tied and the thoracic duct cannulated. Samples of blood and lymph have been taken following this injection. Only after several hours in the case of the horse serum and hemoglobin have these proteins been detected by immunological methods and invariably they have appeared first in the blood. Egg albumin also enters the blood capillaries, but much more rapidly than the other two proteins, due probably to the smaller molecular size.

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EFFECT OF ACYLATING AGENTS ON THE SULFHYDRYL GROUPS OF CRYSTALLINE EGG ALBUMIN

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(18)72065-6 ◽

1944 ◽

Vol 152 (2) ◽

pp. 385-389

Author(s):

Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat

Keyword(s):

Sulfhydryl Groups ◽

Egg Albumin

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CYTOTOXICITY MEDIATED BY SOLUBLE ANTIGEN AND LYMPHOCYTES IN DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.128.6.1237 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 128 (6) ◽

pp. 1237-1254 ◽

Cited By ~ 96

Author(s):

Nancy H. Ruddle ◽

Byron H. Waksman

Keyword(s):

Lymph Node ◽

Genetic Difference ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

Delayed Hypersensitivity ◽

Target Cells ◽

Soluble Antigen ◽

Rat Embryo ◽

Egg Albumin ◽

Lymph Node Cells ◽

Electronic Particle Counter

In the presence of specific antigen, lymph node cells from inbred rats with delayed hypersensitivity to tuberculoprotein, bovine gammaglobulin, and egg albumin produced progressive destruction of monolayers of rat embryo fibroblasts in tissue culture, first apparent at 48 hr and maximal at 72 hr. The effect was specific and did not depend on a genetic difference between the lymph node cells and target cells. It required antigen concentrations equal to or greater than 1.25 µg/ml and lymphocyte: target cell ratios of approximately 10 or 20:1. It could be evaluated both by a plaquing technique and by cell enumeration with an electronic particle counter.

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Active Bronchial Anaphylaxis in the Rat

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y74-146 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 52 (6) ◽

pp. 1114-1118 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

L. M. Stotland ◽

N. N. Share

Keyword(s):

Allergic Asthma ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

Female Rats ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Egg Albumin ◽

Tracheal Pressure ◽

Resultant Increase ◽

Dose Responses ◽

Reaginic Antibodies ◽

Anaphylactic Response

Sprague–Dawley female rats were immunized with egg albumin (EA) in aluminum hydroxide gel (AHG) and with or without Bacillus pertussis vaccine (BPV). Fourteen days later, the animals were anesthetized and challenged with EA intravenously. The resultant increase in tracheal pressure was recorded as an index of anaphylactic bronchoconstriction. Ventilation with tracheal pressures of 6 cm H2O (588 N/m2) allowed maximal development of bronchoconstrictor responses to specific antigen challenge that were similar in both pithed and pentobarbital-anesthetized preparations. Forced reinflation of the lungs did not affect the magnitude of the response but did facilitate its recovery. Serum titers evaluated by 3-h and 72-h passive cutaneous anaphylactic reactions indicated that reaginic antibodies were primarily involved, although other immunoglobulins may have played a contributory role. Antigen dose-responses were similar for both the EA-AHG and EA-AHG-BPV immunized groups of animals despite lower reaginic serum titers for the former group. Thus, an immediate-type bronchial anaphylactic response mediated primarily by reaginic antibodies can be elicited in rats and quantitatively assessed. The potential immunologic similarity of these animals to human allergic asthma suggests their utility for further investigation.

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