scholarly journals Boosting the immune system with antioxidants: where are we now?

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Pangrazzi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Immune System ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Oxygen Radicals ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Inflammatory Molecules ◽  
Fight Against Cancer

A strong immune system doesn't have to be just a dream. Over the last few decades, several strategies for boosting the immune system have been studied, with the aim of reducing the incidence and severity of infectious diseases. Furthermore, investigations into the possibility of improving the fight against cancer continue. Simple and powerful tools are already in our hands: the antioxidants. As we get older, or when we are particularly stressed, high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulate, promoting oxidative stress and inflammation throughout the body. In this situation, normal body functions, in particular the immune systems, are severely impaired by an excess of oxygen radicals and pro-inflammatory molecules. For this reason, blocking the side effects of ROS with antioxidants may help us improve our immune system performance.

scholarly journals How to express the antioxidant properties of substances properly?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Olszowy-Tomczyk
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Good Tool

AbstractOxidative stress, associated with an imbalance between the oxidants (reactive oxygen species) and the antioxidants in the body, contributes to the development of many diseases. The body’s fight against reactive oxygen species is supported by antioxidants. Nowadays, there are too many analytical methods, but there is no one universal technique for assessing antioxidant properties. Moreover, the applied different ways of expressing the results lead to their incompatibility and unreasonable interpretation. The paper is a literature review concerning the most frequent ways of antioxidant activities expression and for an easy and universal method of the obtained results discussion. This paper is an attempt to point out their disadvantages and advantages. The manuscript can support the searching interpretation of the obtained results which will be a good tool for the development of a number of fields, especially medicine what can help in the future detection and treatment of many serious diseases. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Sources of ROS Species an Its Harmful and Benefical Effects on Human Health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidra Munir
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Partial Oxidation ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Essential Function

When the antioxidants in our immune system cannot neutralize or convert Reactive oxygen species into safe molecules at the rate at which it is produced then this imbalance is termed as “oxidative stress”. It is related with a wide array of diseases that includes cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension etc. These ROS species however are utmost essential for the proper functioning of human body which are produced as a consequence of partial oxidation of cellular metabolism performing essential functions such as protein phosphorylation, activation of several transcriptional factors, apoptosis, immunity, and differentiation. The sources by which these are produced can be broadly classified are intrinsic and extrinsic sources. There are variety of natural antioxidant enzymes of human body that combat against this oxidative stress. The extrinsic sources of ROS include the use of natural plants, extracted flavonoids and vitamins. In this review we will briefly explain how the sources of ROS, its essential function in human body, its elevation and associated damage to organs and effect on various diseases, and a hope of finding a way of how this oxidative stress can be exploited for therapeutic potential.

Curcuma longa extract reduces the risk of oxidative stress during intense physical exertion

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
A. A. Khisamova ◽  
O. A. Gizinger
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Irreversible Processes ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Wide Range

Increased physical exertion is a catalyst for oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen species, which entails irreversible processes in the body, leading to chronic diseases and disability. This article contains a literature review of studies that prove the effect of the antioxidant properties of Curcuma longa on cells under oxidative stress. To search for data, a wide range of literature and databases was explored: Pubmed, Google.Scholar, and Embase.

scholarly journals Impacts of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants on Semen Functions

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrit Kaur Bansal ◽  
G. S. Bilaspuri
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Atp Depletion ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
High Concentrations

Oxidative stress (OS) has been considered a major contributory factor to the infertility. Oxidative stress is the result of imbalance between the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants in the body which can lead to sperm damage, deformity, and eventually male infertility. Although high concentrations of the ROS cause sperm pathology (ATP depletion) leading to insufficient axonemal phosphorylation, lipid peroxidation, and loss of motility and viability but, many evidences demonstrate that low and controlled concentrations of these ROS play an important role in sperm physiological processes such as capacitation, acrosome reaction, and signaling processes to ensure fertilization. The supplementation of a cryopreservation extender with antioxidant has been shown to provide a cryoprotective effect on mammalian sperm quality. This paper reviews the impacts of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species on spermatozoa functions, causes of ROS generation, and antioxidative strategies to reduce OS. In addition, we also highlight the emerging concept of utilizing OS as a tool of contraception.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Homeostasis of Oxidative Stress-Related Pathways in Altered Gravity

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svantje Tauber ◽  
Swantje Christoffel ◽  
Cora Thiel ◽  
Oliver Ullrich
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Parabolic Flight ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Altered Gravity ◽  
Human Immune System

Whereby several types of cultured cells are sensitive to gravity, the immune system belongs to the most affected systems during spaceflight. Since reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are serving as signals of cellular homeostasis, particularly in the cells of the immune system, we investigated the immediate effect of altered gravity on the transcription of 86 genes involved in reactive oxygen species metabolism, antioxidative systems, and cellular response to oxidative stress, using parabolic flight and suborbital ballistic rocket experiments and microarray analysis. In human myelomonocytic U937 cells, we detected a rapid response of 19.8% of all of the investigated oxidative stress-related transcripts to 1.8 g of hypergravity and 1.1% to microgravity as early as after 20 s. Nearly all (97.2%) of the initially altered transcripts adapted after 75 s of hypergravity (max. 13.5 g), and 100% adapted after 5 min of microgravity. After the almost complete adaptation of initially altered transcripts, a significant second pool of differentially expressed transcripts appeared. In contrast, we detected nearly no response of oxidative stress-related transcripts in human Jurkat T cells to altered gravity. In conclusion, we assume a very well-regulated homeostasis and transcriptional stability of oxidative stress-related pathways in altered gravity in cells of the human immune system.

Oxidative stress and its implications in chronic kidney disease

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nosratola D. Vaziri
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Oxygen Radicals ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Low Levels

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced at low levels physiologically and their production conveys signals and has specific functions. Control mechanisms ensure that this does not cause damage. ROS are highly reactive and cytotoxic and are also deliberately produced by inflammatory cells (granulocytes, macrophages) to kill pathogens. If these chemicals are released inappropriately or excessively, or if control mechanisms are under-functioning, bystander or unintended tissue damage may be caused. The concept of oxidative stress is based on the idea that in certain states, commonly inflammatory states, release of oxygen radicals may be excessive, or control mechanisms weakened, so that tissue damage occurs. In CKD, both overproduction and diminished control may apply. No effective therapies acting via these pathways have been established so far though there remain some candidates.

The effect of ethanol on the development of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-149
Author(s):  
I. A. Chernov ◽  
◽  
Yu. A. Kirillov ◽  
D. A. Areshidze ◽  
M. A. Kozlova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Small Doses

The review focuses on the pathogenetic mechanisms of ethanol influence on the development of oxidative stress (OS) and endothelial dysfunction (ED). It is shown that both in acute and chronic alcohol intoxication, the intake of ethanol in the body initiates the development of OS, the formation of reactive oxygen species, causes a decrease in the content of endothelium-derived relaxing factors (nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin, endothelium-derived hyperpolarization factor (EDHF)), an increase in the concentration of endothelium-derived constricting factors (endothelin, angiotensin-II), thereby causing the development of ED. When alcohol is consumed in small doses by healthy non-drinkers, ethanol can act as an antioxidant, cause the neutralization of reactive oxygen species, promote the formation of NO, and prevent the formation of ED. Currently used methods for evaluating ED allow us to characterize the functional state of the endothelium. Structural changes in the blood vessel wall as a manifestation of ED in alcoholic disease are not sufficiently described, which indicates the need to study them using modern histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic methods.

scholarly journals Impact of Comorbidity on Severity of Covid-19 Patients: A Network of Target Coding Genes Perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reetu Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
High Oxidative Stress ◽  
The Common ◽  
Relation Classification ◽  
Neuronal Systems ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Millions of people have been forfeiting their lives due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Most of them are patients suffering from comorbid complications. However, what makes these patients susceptible to mortality is unknown. For this, we employed a novel network-based approach to Covid-19 associated human target coding genes (TC-genes) overlapping with high relevant diseases to reveal the disease-disease relation. Classification of TC-genes in our study suggests that most of them participate in signal transduction, immune and neuronal systems. The network-based approach provides an insight into the mechanism involving the cascade of the TC-genes action that may drastically increase the reactive oxygen species (ROS). An increase in ROS triggers high oxidative stress and inflammation in the body through the cytokines storm. The cytokines storm set the burden on the comorbid patient by weakening the system that may lead to mortality. Our work highlights the TC-genes that may link Covid-19 to certain diseases. Collectively, the study indicates that selective TC-genes can carry out an overlapping role in seemingly distinct mechanisms. Besides, many mechanisms could independently affect selective targets. Oxidative stress and inflammation are the common processes present in severe Covid-19 patients. The approach demonstrates the potential to elucidate disease-disease relationship that can be applied to other diseases.

scholarly journals The Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Balance in Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Tarique Hussain ◽  
Ghulam Murtaza ◽  
Elsayed Metwally ◽  
Dildar Hussain Kalhoro ◽  
Muhammad Saleem Kalhoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
In Pregnancy

It has been widely known that oxidative stress disrupts the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant system in the body. During pregnancy, the physiological generation of ROS is involved in a variety of developmental processes ranging from oocyte maturation to luteolysis and embryo implantation. While abnormal overproduction of ROS disrupts these processes resulting in reproductive failure. In addition, excessive oxidative stress impairs maternal and placental functions and eventually results in fetal loss, IUGR, and gestational diabetes mellitus. Although some oxidative stress is inevitable during pregnancy, a balancing act between oxidant and antioxidant production is necessary at different stages of the pregnancy. The review aims to highlight the importance of maintaining oxidative and antioxidant balance throughout pregnancy. Furthermore, we highlight the role of oxidative stress in pregnancy-related diseases.

scholarly journals The Combination of Black Soybean Tempeh and Purple Sweet Potato Affect Reactive Oxygen Species and Malondialdehyde Level in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Eka Pratama Putri ◽  
Sri Rahayu Lestari ◽  
Abdul Gofur
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Purple Sweet Potato ◽  
Stress Oxidative

Hyperglycemia conditions increase free radicals in the body that cause oxidative stress. Oxidative stress increase lipid peroxidation activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS). An antioxidant can prevent a free radical movement. The materials that contain potent antioxidants are black soybeans tempeh (BST) and purple sweet potatoes (PSP). The antioxidants in the BST are isoflavones with their derivates, and PSP is anthocyanins. This study aimed to determine the effect of BST and PSP extract on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. In this study, rats were given a high-fat diet, 10% sucrose drink, and injected with multiple low-dose streptozotocin to induce T2DM. The animal's experiment divided into six groups: healthy rats, DM rats, DM rats + glibenclamide, DM rats + combination of BST and PSP in 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3 respectively. ROS levels were determined using the ELISA method and MDA levels were determined using spectrophotometer according to Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA) method. Our result suggests that the combination of BST and PSP significantly reduces ROS and MDA levels.

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