scholarly journals Discovery, metabolism and functions of NAD and NADP

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magali R. VanLinden ◽  
Renate Hvidsten Skoge ◽  
Mathias Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Positive Charge ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Electron Carriers ◽  
Reduced Forms

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) are two major players in metabolism as they participate as electron carriers in a multitude of redox reactions. Moreover, they act in life and death decisions on a cellular level in all known life forms. NAD and NADP both exist in two states; the oxidized forms are characterized by a positive charge on the nicotinamide (Nam) moiety, denoted NAD+ and NADP+ respectively. The reduced forms are denoted NADH and NADPH (Figure 1).

scholarly journals The chemistry of the vitamin B3 metabolome

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail V. Makarov ◽  
Samuel A.J. Trammell ◽  
Marie E. Migaud
Keyword(s):  
Cell Signaling ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine ◽  
Vitamin B3 ◽  
Phosphorylated Form ◽  
Reduced Forms ◽  
Therapeutic Avenue

Abstract The functional cofactors derived from vitamin B3 are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), its phosphorylated form, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) and their reduced forms (NAD(P)H). These cofactors, together referred as the NAD(P)(H) pool, are intimately implicated in all essential bioenergetics, anabolic and catabolic pathways in all forms of life. This pool also contributes to post-translational protein modifications and second messenger generation. Since NAD+ seats at the cross-road between cell metabolism and cell signaling, manipulation of NAD+ bioavailability through vitamin B3 supplementation has become a valuable nutritional and therapeutic avenue. Yet, much remains unexplored regarding vitamin B3 metabolism. The present review highlights the chemical diversity of the vitamin B3-derived anabolites and catabolites of NAD+ and offers a chemical perspective on the approaches adopted to identify, modulate and measure the contribution of various precursors to the NAD(P)(H) pool.

scholarly journals Stable isotope labeling by essential nutrients in cell culture (SILEC) for accurate measurement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism

The Analyst ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 142 (23) ◽  
pp. 4431-4437 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Frederick ◽  
Sophie Trefely ◽  
Alexia Buas ◽  
Jason Goodspeed ◽  
Jay Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Isotope Labeling ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Stable Isotope Labeling ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine ◽  
Essential Nutrients ◽  
Domains Of Life

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) are conserved metabolic cofactors that mediate reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions throughout all domains of life.

Effect of Niacin on Mitochondria of Allium Cepa Root Cells

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
M. Arif Hayat
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Hydrogen Transfer ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Transfer Processes ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Critical Interest

Although it is recognized that niacin (pyridine-3-carboxylic acid), incorporated as the amide in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) or in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), is a cofactor in hydrogen transfer in numerous enzyme reactions in all organisms studied, virtually no information is available on the effect of this vitamin on a cell at the submicroscopic level. Since mitochondria act as sites for many hydrogen transfer processes, the possible response of mitochondria to niacin treatment is, therefore, of critical interest.Onion bulbs were placed on vials filled with double distilled water in the dark at 25°C. After two days the bulbs and newly developed root system were transferred to vials containing 0.1% niacin. Root tips were collected at ¼, ½, 1, 2, 4, and 8 hr. intervals after treatment. The tissues were fixed in glutaraldehyde-OsO4 as well as in 2% KMnO4 according to standard procedures. In both cases, the tissues were dehydrated in an acetone series and embedded in Reynolds' lead citrate for 3-10 minutes.

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