scholarly journals Young Life Scientists

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
Alexa Hime
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Scientific Conference ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Young Life ◽  
Young Researchers

The Young Life Scientists (YLS) project aims to give a group of earlycareer researchers the opportunity to organize a scientific conference on their subject of interest, for their peers. This year's symposia consisted of two different topics. The first, a joint project run with the Physiological Society and the British Phar macological Society, was based on asthma and its treatments. The second, sponsored by the Biochemical Society only, was based on the role of fatty acids in health and disease, confront ing the beneficial and detrimental effects on the human body. Overall, the YLS meetings reached nearly 200 students and young researchers this year; both events were a great success with the organizing committees doing a great job.

scholarly journals Exploring the Modulatory Effects of Gut Microbiota in Anti-Cancer Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenyu Li ◽  
Xiaorong Deng ◽  
Tingtao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Normal Microbiota ◽  
Surgery Research ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The One

In the recent decade, gut microbiota has received growing interest due to its role in human health and disease. On the one hand, by utilizing the signaling pathways of the host and interacting with the immune system, the gut microbiota is able to maintain the homeostasis in human body. This important role is mainly modulated by the composition of microbiota, as a normal microbiota composition is responsible for maintaining the homeostasis of human body, while an altered microbiota profile could contribute to several pathogenic conditions and may further lead to oncogenesis and tumor progression. Moreover, recent insights have especially focused on the important role of gut microbiota in current anticancer therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and surgery. Research findings have indicated a bidirectional interplay between gut microbiota and these therapeutic methods, in which the implementation of different therapeutic methods could lead to different alterations in gut microbiota, and the presence of gut microbiota could in turn contribute to different therapeutic responses. As a result, manipulating the gut microbiota to reduce the therapy-induced toxicity may provide an adjuvant therapy to achieve a better therapeutic outcome. Given the complex role of gut microbiota in cancer treatment, this review summarizes the interactions between gut microbiota and anticancer therapies, and demonstrates the current strategies for reshaping gut microbiota community, aiming to provide possibilities for finding an alternative approach to lower the damage and improve the efficacy of cancer therapy.

Role of omega-3 fatty acids in health and disease

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. S19-S45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Fernandes ◽  
Jaya T. Venkatraman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Health And Disease

The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Health and Disease

2014 ◽  
pp. 91-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Tan ◽  
Craig McKenzie ◽  
Maria Potamitis ◽  
Alison N. Thorburn ◽  
Charles R. Mackay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals The Double Edge Sword of Testosterone’s Role in the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnny S. Younis ◽  
Karl Skorecki ◽  
Zaid Abassi
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Double Edge ◽  
Double Edge Sword ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
High Level

COVID-19 is a complex disease with a multifaceted set of disturbances involving several mechanisms of health and disease in the human body. Sex hormones, estrogen, and testosterone, seem to play a major role in its pathogenesis, development, spread, severity, and mortalities. Examination of factors such as age, gender, ethnic background, genetic prevalence, and existing co-morbidities, may disclose the mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 infection, morbidity, and mortality, paving the way for COVID-19 amelioration and substantial flattening of the infection curve. In this mini-review, we focus on the role of testosterone through a discussion of the intricate mechanisms of disease development and deterioration. Accumulated evidence suggests that there are links between high level (normal male level) as well as low level (age-related hypogonadism) testosterone in disease progression and expansion, supporting its role as a double-edged sword. Unresolved questions point to the essential need for further targeted studies to substantiate these contrasting mechanisms.

scholarly journals The Controversial Role of Human Gut Lachnospiraceae

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirco Vacca ◽  
Giuseppe Celano ◽  
Francesco Maria Calabrese ◽  
Piero Portincasa ◽  
Marco Gobbetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
The Core ◽  
Host Diet ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Host Physiology

The complex polymicrobial composition of human gut microbiota plays a key role in health and disease. Lachnospiraceae belong to the core of gut microbiota, colonizing the intestinal lumen from birth and increasing, in terms of species richness and their relative abundances during the host’s life. Although, members of Lachnospiraceae are among the main producers of short-chain fatty acids, different taxa of Lachnospiraceae are also associated with different intra- and extraintestinal diseases. Their impact on the host physiology is often inconsistent across different studies. Here, we discuss changes in Lachnospiraceae abundances according to health and disease. With the aim of harnessing Lachnospiraceae to promote human health, we also analyze how nutrients from the host diet can influence their growth and how their metabolites can, in turn, influence host physiology.

scholarly journals Phage Prevalence in the Human Urinary Tract—Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1802
Author(s):  
Maciej Żaczek ◽  
Beata Weber-Dąbrowska ◽  
Ryszard Międzybrodzki ◽  
Andrzej Górski
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Bacterial Metabolism ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Tract Infections

Recent metagenomic analyses imply an immense abundance of phages in the human body. Samples collected from different sites (lungs, skin, oral cavity, intestines, ascitic fluid, and urine) reveal a generally greater number of phage particles than that of eukaryotic viruses. The presence of phages in those tissues and fluids reflects the paths they must overcome in the human body, but may also relate to the health statuses of individuals. Besides shaping bacterial metabolism and community structure, the role of phages circulating in body fluids has not been fully understood yet. The lack of relevant reports is especially visible with regard to the human urobiome. Certainly, phage presence and the role they have to fulfill in the human urinary tract raises questions on potential therapeutic connotations. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in humans and their treatment poses a difficult therapeutic dilemma. Despite effective antibiotic therapy, these infections tend to recur. In this review, we summarized the recent data on phage presence in the human urinary tract and its possible implications for health and disease.

Alcohol intake impairs glucose counterregulation during acute insulin-induced hypoglycemia in IDDM patients. Evidence for a critical role of free fatty acids

Diabetes ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 1626-1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Avogaro ◽  
P. Beltramello ◽  
L. Gnudi ◽  
A. Maran ◽  
A. Valerio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Critical Role
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