scholarly journals Quality Assurance can be applied to fundamental research: Supporting Excellence in the Science Base

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret M. Robins
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Formal System ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Science Base ◽  
Fundamental Research

Quality Assurance (QA) has a bad press in research circles. Fundamental researchers tend to consider that experienced scientists do not need any controls beyond their own integrity. This article attempts to show how QA can be applied even to the most original and basic research areas, and that there are benefits to the introduction of a formal system, provided all personnel are involved in the aspects that affect them.

scholarly journals Coelenterazine-Dependent Luciferases as a Powerful Analytical Tool for Research and Biomedical Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasilisa V. Krasitskaya ◽  
Eugenia E. Bashmakova ◽  
Ludmila A. Frank
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Enzyme Substrate ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Powerful Analytical Tool ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Common Group ◽  
First Time

The functioning of bioluminescent systems in most of the known marine organisms is based on the oxidation reaction of the same substrate—coelenterazine (CTZ), catalyzed by luciferase. Despite the diversity in structures and the functioning mechanisms, these enzymes can be united into a common group called CTZ-dependent luciferases. Among these, there are two sharply different types of the system organization—Ca2+-regulated photoproteins and luciferases themselves that function in accordance with the classical enzyme–substrate kinetics. Along with deep and comprehensive fundamental research on these systems, approaches and methods of their practical use as highly sensitive reporters in analytics have been developed. The research aiming at the creation of artificial luciferases and synthetic CTZ analogues with new unique properties has led to the development of new experimental analytical methods based on them. The commercial availability of many ready-to-use assay systems based on CTZ-dependent luciferases is also important when choosing them by first-time-users. The development of analytical methods based on these bioluminescent systems is currently booming. The bioluminescent systems under consideration were successfully applied in various biological research areas, which confirms them to be a powerful analytical tool. In this review, we consider the main directions, results, and achievements in research involving these luciferases.

scholarly journals Cancer predictive studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivano Amelio ◽  
Riccardo Bertolo ◽  
Pierluigi Bove ◽  
Eleonora Candi ◽  
Marcello Chiocchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Research ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Disease Genes ◽  
Therapeutic Success ◽  
Cancer Prediction ◽  
Genetic Abnormalities ◽  
Genetic Landscape ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Therapeutic Protocols ◽  
Harmful Effects

Abstract The identification of individual or clusters of predictive genetic alterations might help in defining the outcome of cancer treatment, allowing for the stratification of patients into distinct cohorts for selective therapeutic protocols. Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial childhood tumour, clinically defined in five distinct stages (1–4 & 4S), where stages 3–4 define chemotherapy-resistant, highly aggressive disease phases. NB is a model for geneticists and molecular biologists to classify genetic abnormalities and identify causative disease genes. Despite highly intensive basic research, improvements on clinical outcome have been predominantly observed for less aggressive cancers, that is stages 1,2 and 4S. Therefore, stages 3–4 NB are still complicated at the therapeutic level and require more intense fundamental research. Using neuroblastoma as a model system, here we herein outline how cancer prediction studies can help at steering preclinical and clinical research toward the identification and exploitation of specific genetic landscape. This might result in maximising the therapeutic success and minimizing harmful effects in cancer patients.

Factors and Trends in the Development of Institutional and Organizational Leadership in the Leading Scientific and Technical Sectors and Basic Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
I. Korneeva
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Leadership ◽  
Effective Leadership ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Important Task ◽  
Study Analysis ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Institutional Leadership ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Fundamental Research

The article is devoted to the development of institutional and organizational leadership in the leading scientific and technical sectors and fundamental research. The paper presents the characteristics of the categories “organizational leadership” and “institutional leadership”, the features of effective leadership. Methodological tools of the study: analysis of statistical sources of information. As the study showed, the formation and development of leading positions are influenced by a number of factors. Their analysis is carried out, tendencies of development of leadership in the leading scientific and technical sectors and fundamental researches are revealed. It is concluded that an important task is the choice of the country’s development in the field of science and technology. The author considers the ways in which it is possible to develop institutional and organizational leadership in the leading scientific and technical sectors and fundamental research.

Preface

2012 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. iv
Author(s):  
Yuping Wu ◽  
Shiyou Guan ◽  
Guoxiu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Basic Research ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Biobased Materials ◽  
Novel Materials ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Academic Exchange ◽  
Fine Chemistry ◽  
Innovative Materials ◽  
High Level

In 2005 at the centennial anniversary of Fudan University, Shanghai, China, a new conference venue began [1]. This venue, the International Conference on Novel Materials and Synthesis (NMS) together with the International Symposium on Fine Chemistry and Functional Polymers (FCFP), is targeted to provide high-level academic exchange for both local and international chemists, materialists, physicists, engineers, and technologists in the fields of materials and synthesis. The year 2011 was the International Year of Chemistry, and it is well known that chemistry is an essential creative science for the sustainable development of humankind. As a result, the joint NMSVII/ FCFP-XXI event (www.nms-iupac.org), held in Shanghai, China, 16-21 October 2011, was more important than ever. The Conference received much support from IUPAC, The National Natural Science Foundation of China, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, the Science and Technology Commission of the Shanghai Municipality, and the National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB209700), and was carried out under the auspices of IUPAC. The Conference was attended by 430 participants from 40 countries and areas. The scientific program comprised 10 plenary lectures, 56 keynote lectures, 206 invited lectures, and 94 posters. Detailed, active, and lively discussions were covered by the following themes: - innovative chiral and achiral compounds - innovative bio- and biobased materials and composites - innovative polymers such as conducting, semiconducting ones, supramolecular (supermolecular, dynamers) - innovative energy systems including fuel cells, solar cells, lithium batteries, and supercapacitors - innovative nanomaterials such as 1D, 2D, and 3D nanomaterials - new ceramic materials such as superconductors, electronic, diaelectronic, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, optoelectric, and magnetic materials - new metallic materials including alloys - other novel materials including drugs, perfumes, agricultural chemicals, and photosensitive materials, displaying materials and fine ceramics; and - neutron scattering and its application in fundamental and applied research on new materials. The program served to emphasize that novel materials and their preparation are dynamic research areas that are attracting growing interest from researchers, engineers, industries, and policy-makers. Furthermore, novel materials continue to find applications that serve the needs and interests of producers and consumers. A selection of 13 papers based on specially invited presentations at NMSVII/ FCFP-XXI is published in this issue to demonstrate the quality and scope of the themes of this Conference. During the Conference, the role and contributions of this high-level academic platform to novel materials and their synthesis are well realized by the participants, sponsors, and exhibitors. In addition, the organization committee established the Distinguished Award 2011 for Novel Materials and their Synthesis along with IUPAC; Prof. Guoxiu Wang (Australia), Dr. Dr. Fusayoshi Masuda (Japan), Prof. Dr. André-Jean Attias (France), and Prof. Bao-Lian Su (Belgium) received the award for their excellent work. The IUPAC Prof. Jiang Novel Materials Youth Prize was awarded to two winners, Prof. Zhibo Li (China) and Dr. Jr-Hau He (Taiwan, China), for the first time. This will next be awarded in 2013. Three winners for the IUPAC Poster Prize were also awarded. Yuping Wu, Shiyou Guan, and Guoxiu Wang Conference Editors [1] Y. P. Wu. Pure Appl. Chem. 78 (10), iii (2006).

scholarly journals Periods of development of department of tourism at Ivan Franko National University of Lviv

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (40) ◽  
pp. 86-100
Author(s):  
M. Malska ◽  
M. Rutynskyi
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Staff Member ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
National University

The article describes the process of formation and main stages of the Tourism Chair of the Ivan Franko Lviv National University. The authors described the basic research areas of the Tourism Chair in detail. The contribution each of the staff member is evaluated. The attention is drawn to basic scientific monographs, textbooks and books prepared by the staff of the Chair during last nine years. Key words: Department of Tourism, periods of development, scientific specialisation.

scholarly journals Publication Landscape on Cushing's Disease: From the Past 40 Years to Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Jie Luo ◽  
Kelei Du ◽  
Xiaopeng Guo ◽  
Zihao Wang ◽  
Bing Xing
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cushing’S Disease ◽  
Latent Dirichlet Allocation ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Cushing's Disease ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Research Areas

Abstract PurposeThough literature related to Cushing's disease (CD) has grown significantly, previous reviews exclusively focused on specific research areas and were biased towards highly cited articles. This study aims to systemically analyze the research landscapes and trends using unbiased methods. MethodsWe queried all the CD-related publications in PubMed and clinical trials registered on clinicaltrials.gov. Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), a machine learning method, was used to derive research hotspots from article texts. The research topic clusters and country-level collaboration were revealed by network analysis.Results5015 articles were published since 1981, currently growing at 155 per year, with more retrospective studies but fewer prospective studies. Interestingly, the most popular LDA research topics were complications and comorbidities, endocrine hormone tests and surgical therapy, and they formed a remarkable triangle relationship in the research topic network. These topics had numerous international studies and were supported by most funding. In addition, many topics in the basic research domain were proliferating, including mutation, biomarkers, endopeptidases, and other molecular genetics and pathology of CD. Out of 63 registered clinical trials, over 25% were withdrawn due to inadequate patient recruitment or lack of funding.ConclusionsThis publication landscape analysis provided a systemic representation of CD literature regarding the history, current challenges, and future directions, enabling clinicians a rapid and comprehensive insight into the disease.

Pigment Composition of Haematococcus pluvialis Green Alga under the Action of Several Inducers of Astaxanthin Accumulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
R.G. Goncharik ◽  
E.A. Kulikov ◽  
A.A. Selishcheva
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Biotechnological Production ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Simultaneous Decrease ◽  
Valuable Compounds ◽  
High Intensity Light

The content of astaxanthin, including its mono- and diesters, and photosynthetic pigments, has been analyzed in cells of H. pluvialis strain IBCE-H17 under the combined prolonged action of several inducers of astaxanthin accumulation. The effective induction of the astaxanthin accumulation, mainly in the form of monoesters of fatty acids, was shown after a 20-day cultivation under high-intensity light and with the addition of 1-2 g/l of sodium acetate to the culture medium. A simultaneous decrease in the content of chlorophylls and lutein in the H. pluvialis cells was observed under these conditions. The use of sodium acetate in combination with sodium chloride did not lead to noticeable changes in the content of astaxanthin compared with the use of sodium acetate alone. The obtained data can be helpful in the biotechnological production of Haematococcus biomass enriched with economically valuable compounds. astaxanthin, Haematococcus pluvialis, pigments, sodium acetate, sodium chloride, high-intensity light. This work was supported by Grant no. Б19РМ-010 of the Belarusian Republican Foundation for Fundamental Research and Grant no. 19-54-04003 of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Supplementation Associated with Acute Respiratory Infection in Exclusively Breastfed Infants (P11-071-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Hong ◽  
Ting Xiong ◽  
Junmei Huang ◽  
Yuanjue Wu ◽  
Lixia Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Basic Research Project

Abstract Objectives To investigate the effect of routine oral vitamin D supplementation on acute respiratory infection in exclusively breastfed infants. Methods A retrospective analysis from a multi-center population-based prospective cohort study (TMCHC) in Wuhan, China. We retrospectively analyzed the data on ARI and ARI-related hospitalization experience and the vitamin D supplementation history among the exclusively breastfed infants by 6 months of age, from the TMCHC study. We set the first ARI by 6 months of age as the outcome endpoint, and assessed the infants vitamin D supplementation from birth to the outcome endpoint with or without supplementation and supplementation frequencies (≤ 2 days/week, 3–4 days/week, 5–6 days/week, > 6 days/week). Results Among 983 exclusively breastfed infants, 433 (44%) had an ARI and 55 (6%) experienced ARI-related hospitalization. Infants with vitamin D supplementation experienced a lower cumulative incidence of ARI than those without by 6 months of age (P < 0.001). Vitamin D supplementation was significantly associated with a decreased risk of ARI (OR = 0.19, 95%CI: 0.13-0.30) and ARI-related hospitalization (OR = 0.17, 95%CI: 0.09-0.30) after adjustment for all confounding factors. Additionally, this association represented a dose-response relationship (P for trend < 0.001). Conclusions Vitamin D supplementation was associated with a reduced risk of ARI and ARI-related hospitalization among exclusively breastfed infants by 6 months of age, suggesting that vitamin D supplementation is a promising strategy for acute respiratory infection prevention at early childhood. Funding Sources This study is supported by National Program on Basic Research Project of China (NO.2013FY114200), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (NO. HUST2016YXZD040), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NO. 81573149). Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

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