scholarly journals Biomolecules in fossil remains: Multidisciplinary approach to endurance

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Nielsen-Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Bone Collagen ◽  
Amino Acid Racemization ◽  
Living Organisms

Svante Pääbo, a leading pioneer in the study of ancient DNA, eloquently described the recovery of genetic information from the fossil record as a 21st Century form of genetic time travel1. The advent of PCR made possible the amplification of small amounts of DNA from fossil samples and allowed the direct study of phylogenetics from extinct organisms. Prior to this development, phylogenetic relationships determined by genetic variation relied mostly upon sequences from living organisms. The concept of time travel, via the analysis of ancient biomolecules, can be broadened to encompass numerous types of biomolecular information recovered from ancient bones. For example, palaeodiets and palaeoclimates can be reconstructed from stable isotopes of bone collagen, and estimations of age are obtained from amino acid racemization rates.

scholarly journals Genetic code and number theory

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branko Dragovich
Keyword(s):  
Number Theory ◽  
Genetic Code ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Life Science ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Universe

Living organisms are the most complex, interesting and significant objects regarding all substructures of the universe. Life science is regarded as a science of the 21st century and one can expect great new discoveries in the near futures. This article contains an introductory brief review of genetic information, its coding and translation of genes to proteins through the genetic code. Some theoretical approaches to the modelling of the genetic code are presented. In particular, connection of the genetic code with number theory is considered and the role of p-adic numbers is underlined.

Inferring relative levels of genetic variability in fossils: the link between heterozygosity and fluctuating asymmetry

Paleobiology ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Richard Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Significant Events ◽  
Insight Into

The lack of tools for teasing genetic information out of the fossil record has been a source of frustration to both neontologists and paleontologists, both of whom would like to know more about what was happening genetically in association with such evolutionarily significant events as cladogenesis and extinction. The dearth of such information has been a factor contributing to the current schism between population geneticists and paleontologists over interpretations of historical patterns of evolution (Gould and Eldredge 1977; Stanley 1979; Charlesworth et al. 1982; Levinton 1983; Turner 1983), a schism which seems unbridgeable without at least some insight into paleontological patterns of genetic variation. Several recent papers, however, have documented a negative correlation between the level of fluctuating asymmetry (small, random, right-left differences between otherwise bilaterally symmetrical characters) and the level of heterozygosity in a variety of organisms. Whatever its underlying cause may be, this correlation raises a flicker of hope that a tool may exist for inferring whether some populations of fossil taxa were more variable genetically than others.

Teaching Computing in a Multidisciplinary Way in Social Studies Classes in School – A Case Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Gresse Von Wangenheim ◽  
Nathalia Cruz Alves ◽  
Pedro Eurico Rodrigues ◽  
Jean Carlo Hauck
Keyword(s):  
Instructional Design ◽  
Social Studies ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Instructional Unit ◽  
Computing Education ◽  
Interest And Motivation

In order to be well-educated citizens in the 21st century, children need to learn computing in school. However, implementing computing education in schools faces several practical problems, such as lack of computing teachers and time in an already overloaded curriculum. A solution can be a multidisciplinary approach, integrating computing education within other subjects in the curriculum. The present study proposes an instructional unit for computing education in social studies classes, with students learning basic computing concepts by programming history related games using Scratch. The instructional unit is developed following an instructional design approach and is applied and evaluated through a case study in four classes (5th and 7th grade) with a total of 105 students at a school in (omitted for submission). Results provide a first indication that the instructional unit enables the learning of basic computing concepts (specifically programming) in an efficient, effective and entertaining way increasing also the interest and motivation of students to learn computing.

iAFP-gap-SMOTE: An Efficient Feature Extraction Scheme Gapped Dipeptide Composition is Coupled with an Oversampling Technique for Identification of Antifreeze Proteins

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahid Akbar ◽  
Maqsood Hayat ◽  
Muhammad Kabir ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Antifreeze Proteins ◽  
Protein Sequences ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Throughput Model ◽  
Extraction Scheme ◽  
Living Organisms

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) perform distinguishable roles in maintaining homeostatic conditions of living organisms and protect their cell and body from freezing in extremely cold conditions. Owing to high diversity in protein sequences and structures, the discrimination of AFPs from non- AFPs through experimental approaches is expensive and lengthy. It is, therefore, vastly desirable to propose a computational intelligent and high throughput model that truly reflects AFPs quickly and accurately. In a sequel, a new predictor called “iAFP-gap-SMOTE” is proposed for the identification of AFPs. Protein sequences are expressed by adopting three numerical feature extraction schemes namely; Split Amino Acid Composition, G-gap di-peptide Composition and Reduce Amino Acid alphabet composition. Usually, classification hypothesis biased towards majority class in case of the imbalanced dataset. Oversampling technique Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique is employed in order to increase the instances of the lower class and control the biasness. 10-fold cross-validation test is applied to appraise the success rates of “iAFP-gap-SMOTE” model. After the empirical investigation, “iAFP-gap-SMOTE” model obtained 95.02% accuracy. The comparison suggested that the accuracy of” iAFP-gap-SMOTE” model is higher than that of the present techniques in the literature so far. It is greatly recommended that our proposed model “iAFP-gap-SMOTE” might be helpful for the research community and academia.

scholarly journals Effect of synthetic glycosaminoglycan polysulfates on the bone collagen -with specialreference to amino acid composition-.

1981 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Suichi Motegi ◽  
Michio Yonezawa ◽  
Toshio Honda ◽  
Fumio Kawamura ◽  
Shigeki Nakagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Bone Collagen
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