scholarly journals Hydrogen sulfide in ageing, longevity and disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 478 (19) ◽  
pp. 3485-3504
Author(s):  
Stephen E. Wilkie ◽  
Gillian Borland ◽  
Roderick N. Carter ◽  
Nicholas M. Morton ◽  
Colin Selman
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Signalling Molecule ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Toxic Gas

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) modulates many biological processes, including ageing. Initially considered a hazardous toxic gas, it is now recognised that H2S is produced endogenously across taxa and is a key mediator of processes that promote longevity and improve late-life health. In this review, we consider the key developments in our understanding of this gaseous signalling molecule in the context of health and disease, discuss potential mechanisms through which H2S can influence processes central to ageing and highlight the emergence of novel H2S-based therapeutics. We also consider the major challenges that may potentially hinder the development of such therapies.

scholarly journals Hydrogen sulfide: stench from the past as a mediator of the future

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmina Zivanovic ◽  
Milos R. Filipovic
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Signalling Molecule ◽  
Actual Mechanism ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Pharmacological Potential

The past decade has witnessed the discovery of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as a new signalling molecule. Its ability to act as a neurotransmitter, regulator of blood pressure, immunomodulator or anti-apoptotic agent, together with its great pharmacological potential, is now well established. Notwithstanding the growing body of evidence showing the biological roles of H2S, the gap between these roles and the actual mechanism(s) behind these processes is getting larger. We propose a way that protein cysteine residues can be modified to form protein persulfides (P-SSH) and explain how this process is controlled in a physiologically relevant fashion. This article provides an overview of H2S signalling in the human body with particular emphasis on the latest discoveries regarding the mechanisms of protein persulfidation and depersulfidation, as well as about the biological reactivity of persulfides and their role in health and disease.

scholarly journals Late-life intermittent fasting decreases aging-related frailty and increases renal hydrogen sulfide production in a sexually dimorphic manner

GeroScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko O. Henderson ◽  
Nazmin Bithi ◽  
Christopher Link ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Rebecca Schugar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Multiple Components

AbstractGlobal average life expectancy continues to rise. As aging increases the likelihood of frailty, which encompasses metabolic, musculoskeletal, and cognitive deficits, there is a need for effective anti-aging treatments. It is well established in model organisms that dietary restriction (DR), such as caloric restriction or protein restriction, enhances health and lifespan. However, DR is not widely implemented in the clinic due to patient compliance and its lack of mechanistic underpinnings. Thus, the present study tested the effects of a somewhat more clinically applicable and adoptable DR regimen, every-other-day (EOD) intermittent fasting, on frailty in 20-month-old male and female C57BL/6 mice. Frailty was determined by a series of metabolic, musculoskeletal, and cognitive tasks performed prior to and toward the end of the 2.5-month dietary intervention. Late-life EOD fasting attenuated overall energy intake, hypothalamic inflammatory gene expression, and frailty in males. However, it failed to reduce overall caloric intake and had a little positive effect in females. Given that the selected benefits of DR are dependent on augmented production of the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and that renal H2S production declines with age, we tested the effects of EOD fasting on renal H2S production capacity and its connection to frailty in males. EOD fasting boosted renal H2S production, which positively correlated with improvements in multiple components of frailty tasks. Therefore, late-life initiated EOD fasting is sufficient to reduce aging-related frailty, at least in males, and suggests that renal H2S production capacity may modulate the effects of late-life EOD fasting on frailty.

Hydrogen sulfide-mediated cardioprotection: mechanisms and therapeutic potential

2010 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhav Lavu ◽  
Shashi Bhushan ◽  
David J. Lefer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Blood Pressure Regulation ◽  
Pressure Regulation ◽  
Signalling Molecule ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

H2S (hydrogen sulfide), viewed with dread for more than 300 years, is rapidly becoming a ubiquitously present and physiologically relevant signalling molecule. Knowledge of the production and metabolism of H2S has spurred interest in delineating its functions both in physiology and pathophysiology of disease. Although its role in blood pressure regulation and interaction with NO is controversial, H2S, through its anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, has demonstrated significant cardioprotection. As a result, a number of sulfide-donor drugs, including garlic-derived polysulfides, are currently being designed and investigated for the treatment of cardiovascular conditions, specifically myocardial ischaemic disease. However, huge gaps remain in our knowledge about this gasotransmitter. Only by additional studies will we understand more about the role of this intriguing molecule in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Hidden in plain sight: What remains to be discovered in the eukaryotic proteome?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Wood ◽  
Antonia Lock ◽  
Midori A. Harris ◽  
Kim Rutherford ◽  
Jürg Bähler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Ontology ◽  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Health And Disease

AbstractThe first decade of genome sequencing stimulated an explosion in the characterization of unknown proteins. More recently, the pace of functional discovery has slowed, leaving around 20% of the proteins even in well-studied model organisms without informative descriptions of their biological roles. Remarkably, many uncharacterized proteins are conserved from yeasts to human, suggesting that they contribute to fundamental biological processes. To fully understand biological systems in health and disease, we need to account for every part of the system. Unstudied proteins thus represent a collective blind spot that limits the progress of both basic and applied biosciences.We use a simple yet powerful metric based on Gene Ontology (GO) biological process terms to define characterized and uncharacterized proteins for human, budding yeast, and fission yeast. We then identify a set of conserved but unstudied proteins in S. pombe, and classify them based on a combination of orthogonal attributes determined by large-scale experimental and comparative methods. Finally, we explore possible reasons why these proteins remain neglected, and propose courses of action to raise their profile and thereby reap the benefits of completing the catalog of proteins’ biological roles.

The Salivary miRNome: A Promising Biomarker of Disease

MicroRNA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Tomei ◽  
Harshitha Shobha Manjunath ◽  
Selvasankar Murugesan ◽  
Souhaila Al Khodor
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Disease Pathogenesis ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs ranging from 18-24 nucleotides also known to regulate the human genome mainly at the post-transcriptional level. MiRNAs were shown to play an important role in most biological processes such as apoptosis and in the pathogenesis of many diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Recent developments of advanced molecular high-throughput technologies have enhanced our knowledge of miRNAs. MiRNAs can now be discovered, interrogated, and quantified in various body fluids, and hence can serve as diagnostic and therapeutic markers for many diseases. While most studies use blood as a sample source to measure circulating miRNAs as possible biomarkers for disease pathogenesis, fewer studies have assessed the role of salivary miRNAs in health and disease. This review aims at providing an overview of the current knowledge of the salivary miRNome, addressing the technical aspects of saliva sampling and highlighting the applicability of miRNA screening to clinical practice.

Toxic Gases

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie T Weiss ◽  
Kathryn W Weibrecht
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Normobaric Oxygen ◽  
Levels Of Care ◽  
Cyanide Antidote ◽  
Gas Poisoning ◽  
Toxic Gas

This review looks at the potential causes, diagnoses, and possible treatments for three asphyxiant gases: carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, and hydrogen sulfide, Exposure to these gases can lead to central nervous system depression, unconsciousness, and death due to tissue hypoxia. These gases are among the most common causes of fatalities related to toxic gas poisoning, with carbon monoxide responsible for 36% and hydrogen sulfide 7.7%. It is necessary to remove victims affected by poisoning immediately from the source of the toxic gas, administer oxygen, and assess their stability. As symptoms of these gases can differ widely, ranging from broad and unspecific to highly morbid, and may require different levels of care, the correct diagnosis should also rely on inferences from the patient history and the context of the admission, including evidence of fire and chemical reactions. Normobaric oxygen and hyperbaric oxygen are the two main treatments for carbon monoxide, although studies have been inconclusive in regards to the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen. The Cyanokit (containing hydroxocobalamin) is considered to be more effective for hydrogen cyanide when compared with the Cyanide Antidote Kit due to the former’s low toxicity and high effectiveness. Hydrogen sulfide is often used as a suicide agent, the mortality of which is close to 100%. Figures show the mechanisms by which the asphyxiant gases carry out their negative effects on the human body. Tables show the half-life of carboxyhemoglobin with oxygen therapy and a comparison between the Cyanide Antidote Kit and the Cyanokit. This review contains 3 figures, 13 tables, and 44 references.  Keywords: Inhalation, poisoning, carbon monoxide, cyanide, methemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, hydrogen sulfide, smoke

scholarly journals Dietary microRNA—A Novel Functional Component of Food

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Ting Chen ◽  
Yulong Yin ◽  
Chen-Yu Zhang ◽  
Yong-Liang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Functional Component ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Regulate Gene

ABSTRACT MicroRNAs are a class of small RNAs that play essential roles in various biological processes by silencing genes. Evidence emerging in recent years suggests that microRNAs in food can be absorbed into the circulatory system and organs of humans and other animals, where they regulate gene expression and biological processes. These food-derived dietary microRNAs may serve as a novel functional component of food, a role that has been neglected to date. However, a significant amount of evidence challenges this new concept. The absorption, stability, and physiological effects of dietary microRNA in recipients, especially in mammals, are currently under heavy debate. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the unique characteristics of dietary microRNAs and concerns about both the mechanistic and methodological basis for studying the biological significance of dietary microRNAs. Such efforts will benefit continuing investigations and offer new perspectives for the interpretation of the roles of dietary microRNA with respect to the health and disease of humans and animals.

scholarly journals Current approaches to measure nitric oxide in plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (17) ◽  
pp. 4333-4343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhaypratap Vishwakarma ◽  
Aakanksha Wany ◽  
Sonika Pandey ◽  
Mallesham Bulle ◽  
Aprajita Kumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Reactive Intermediates ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Cellular Redox ◽  
Signalling Molecule ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Scavenging Enzymes ◽  
Important Signalling Molecule

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) is now established as an important signalling molecule in plants where it influences growth, development, and responses to stress. Despite extensive research, the most appropriate methods to measure and localize these signalling radicals are debated and still need investigation. Many confounding factors such as the presence of other reactive intermediates, scavenging enzymes, and compartmentation influence how accurately each can be measured. Further, these signalling radicals have short half-lives ranging from seconds to minutes based on the cellular redox condition. Hence, it is necessary to use sensitive and specific methods in order to understand the contribution of each signalling molecule to various biological processes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on NO measurement in plant samples, via various methods. We also discuss advantages, limitations, and wider applications of each method.

Challenges in the analysis of epigenetic biomarkers in clinical samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis García-Giménez ◽  
Salvador Mena-Mollá ◽  
Jesús Beltrán-García ◽  
Fabian Sanchis-Gomar
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Gene Methylation ◽  
Disease Biomarkers ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarkers ◽  
Patient Diagnosis ◽  
History Of Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health And Disease

AbstractEpigenetic modifications represent an interesting landscape which can describe relevant features of human disease. Epigenetic biomarkers show several advantages as disease biomarkers because they provide information about gene function, specific endophenotypes and can even incorporate information from the environment and the natural history of disease. The improvement in genomic and epigenomic technologies has revolutionized the current comprehension of biological processes underlying health and disease. However, now is the time to adopt these new technologies to improve human health, thus converting this information into reliable biomarkers. This endeavor should be focused on improving methodologies to analyze gene methylation, histone modifications and microRNAs. Ideally, epigenetic biomarkers should be robust, routine, accurate and inexpensive in order to provide better information for patient diagnosis, prognosis, stratification and treatment monitoring. Here we describe some challenges and provide strategies to improve the adoption of epigenetic biomarkers into clinical routine. Furthermore, we summarize the recommended properties for clinical epigenetic biomarkers.

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