Self-diffusion of chloride ions in rubidium chloride and exchange reaction between chlorine gas and the crystallites

1969 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Takaishi ◽  
Y. Sensui
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Reaction ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Rubidium Chloride ◽  
Self Diffusion ◽  
Chlorine Gas

scholarly journals Effect of cations on the removal rate of chloride ions and mechanism analysis in high-salt wastewater

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangning Gao ◽  
Jie Lu ◽  
Xi Wang ◽  
Dengxin Li ◽  
Shihong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Cuprous Chloride ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Chlorine Gas ◽  
Chlorine Ions ◽  
Chlorine Removal

Abstract Precipitation dechlorination has the advantage of being a simple process with a low cost. However, there are few reports on the effect of cations on dechlorination. In this study, we investigated the effect of cations in high-salt wastewater on the removal of chlorine ions by cuprous chloride precipitation and analysed the corresponding mechanism. A series of investigations revealed that Fe3+ could oxidise sulphite, thereby reducing the removal rate of chlorine ions. The reaction between magnesium and sulphite results in precipitation, which has a slightly adverse effect on the removal of chloride ions. Hexavalent chromium oxidises the chloride ion, resulting in the formation of chlorine gas, which improves the removal rate. Ferrous and manganese, however, do not have a notable effect on chlorine removal.

scholarly journals Development of an Electrolytic Pilot Plant for the Production of Chlorine Gas “In Situ” in the Disinfecting Water Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 335-341
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Central Compartment ◽  
Electrolytic Cell ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Calcium Hypochlorite ◽  
Electrolytic Dissociation ◽  
Chlorine Gas ◽  
Porous Diaphragm

Technology of gaseous chlorine in water treatment has shifted to the dosage of sodium hypochlorite or calcium hypochlorite because of their greater biocide power; require less contact time with the microorganisms in the pretreated water, and the pH of slightly affect water. The generation of chlorine gas in place is based on the principles of electrolytic dissociation and laws of electrolysis by Faraday. The equipment corresponds to an electrolytic cell of three (3) compartments , a central one (anode) where chlorine gas emerges , and two side (cathodes) where sodium hydroxide is produced in the central compartment must be refilled chloride solution sodium consumed due to the electrochemical reaction , the chlorine evolved being of gaseous nature ascends the column of sodium chloride and is captured by the vacuum venture system , who to put in direct contact with target that has been previously subjected to the processes of uptake , coagulation , sedimentation and filtration. Compartments anode-cathode - anode are physically separated by porous diaphragm, whose purpose is to permit selective flow of sodium and chloride ions , avoiding side reactions recombination , as additional product is the formation of sodium hydroxide in the cathode chambers, which should be removed from the cell through side pipes. Statistical models were used to optimize the performance and operation of the prototype.

scholarly journals Experimental modeling of convection-diffuse mass transfer in brine of Dombrovskyi quarry (Kalush, Ivano-Frankivsk region)

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Ya. O. Malkova ◽  
V. V. Dolin ◽  
V. M. Bobkov
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Tritium Concentration ◽  
Self Diffusion ◽  
Mass Transfer Processes ◽  
Criteria For Evaluation ◽  
Simulated Analysis

The article presents the analysis of diffusion-convective mass transfer processes and their parameters, defines hydrogeochemical criteria for evaluation of brine chemical composition formation in Dombrovskyi quarry of Kalush-Golynske deposit. It has been experimentally determined that the temperature gradient (20 °С) significantly affects the rate of mass transfer in the brines. This is probably due to convection-diffuse processes. The dynamics of processes occurring when fresh water enters the brine surface has been experimentally simulated. Analysis of these data from the point of view of formal kinetics for irreversible process allowed estimating the speed of convection-diffusion process. The rate of self-diffusion of water into saturated brine of galite (D=1,21·10-5 cm2/s) and hydrated (in tritium water) ions of Na+Cl- (D=6,62·10-6 cm2/s) were experimentally studied by the isotope method using the tritium label. According to the spatial dynamics of the half (from equilibrium) tritium concentration, the linear rate of self-diffusion of water into brine (6,56 cm/day) and diffusion of hydrated sodium chloride ions into water (1,10 cm/day) are calculated. At the same time, the change rate of position of half (from equilibrium) tritium concentration in the spatial plan is almost the same: (0,22 cm/day) and (0,23 cm/day), respectively. Mathematical models describing the dynamics of these processes have been constructed. The obtained data make it possible to calculate the rates of salts movement from the depth of the Dombrovskyi quarry to its surface. Estimated amount of fresh water (220 thousand tons), capable to indifundate within a year from the surface to a 100-meter depth in the lower layers of Dombrovskyi quarry brines and dissolve the salt-containing rocks in its sides and the bottom.

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