Activity coefficients of some tetra-alkyl ammonium salts in aqueous solution

1962 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 784 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. V. Devanathan ◽  
M. J. Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Alkyl Ammonium

Stability of Ammoniated Latex and Soap-Stabilized Emulsions in the Presence of Complex Zinc Salts

1957 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 254-263
Author(s):  
T. S. McRoberts
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Zinc Salts ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
Oil Particles

Abstract The solubility of zinc oxide in solutions of ammonia and different ammonium salts has been determined. The interaction between ammonium laurate and zinc ammine (or ethylene diammine) salts has been studied in aqueous solution, in latex, and in oil emulsions. The results indicate that destabilization of ammoniated latex or soap-stabilized emulsions by dissolved zinc oxide is due to the presence of zinc diammine ions, which form insoluble dilaurates. It is suggested that the increased rate of destabilization at elevated temperatures is most probably due to a decrease in hydration of the zinc diammine dilaurate formed at the surface of the rubber or oil particles.

NMR Evidence for Grotthuss-like Proton Diffusion on the Surface of N-Alkyl-ammonium Micelles in Acidic Aqueous Solution

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1698-1720
Author(s):  
Jean J. Delpuech ◽  
Laurence Dupont-Leclercq ◽  
Stephane Parant ◽  
Bernard Henry
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Acidic Aqueous Solution ◽  
Proton Diffusion ◽  
Alkyl Ammonium

Correlation of Activity Coefficients in Aqueous Solutions of Ammonium Salts Using Local Composition Models and Stochastic Optimization Methods

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Enrique Jaime-Leal ◽  
Adrián Bonilla-Petriciolet
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Annealing ◽  
Stochastic Optimization ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Data Fitting ◽  
Pattern Search ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Aqueous Electrolytes ◽  
Local Composition

In this study, several local composition models and stochastic optimization methods have been used and compared in data fitting of activity coefficients in aqueous electrolytes. We have utilized the electrolyte-NRTL model of Chen et al. and the modified Wilson models proposed by Xu and Macedo, and Zhao et al. to fit the activity coefficients of several quaternary ammonium salts in water at 25°C. These electrolytes have interesting properties for their application as ionic liquids. However, the modeling of their thermodynamic behavior using local composition models is a global optimization problem. In this study, several stochastic optimization methods have been used to solve this optimization problem and their numerical performances have been compared. Specifically, we have tested the classical Simulated Annealing and the hybrid methods: Direct Search Simulated Annealing, Simplex Coding Genetic Algorithm, Simulated Annealing Heuristic Pattern Search, and Directed Tabu Search. Our results show that Simulated Annealing is a suitable tool for data fitting of the activity coefficients of aqueous electrolytes. Finally, the tested models can satisfactorily correlate the mean activity coefficients of electrolytes treated in this study, and are suitable for process design.

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