The reactions of carbon with sulphur compounds. Part 2.—The reaction of hydrogen sulphide with various types of carbon

1953 ◽  
Vol 49 (0) ◽  
pp. 1198-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Owen ◽  
K. W. Sykes ◽  
D. J. D. Thomas ◽  
P. White
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Sulphur Compounds

scholarly journals Biodegradation of the xenobiotic organic disulphide 4,4′-dithiodibutyric acid by Rhodococcus erythropolis strain MI2 and comparison with the microbial utilization of 3,3′-dithiodipropionic acid and 3,3′-thiodipropionic acid

Microbiology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 156 (4) ◽  
pp. 1221-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Hendrik Wübbeler ◽  
Nadine Bruland ◽  
Milena Wozniczka ◽  
Alexander Steinbüchel
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Rhodococcus Erythropolis ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Microbial Utilization ◽  
Broad Variety

Application of the non-toxic 3,3′-thiodipropionic acid (TDP) and 3,3′-dithiodipropionic acid (DTDP) as precursors for the microbial production of polythioesters (PTEs), a class of biologically persistent biopolymers containing sulphur in the backbone, was successfully established previously. However, synthesis of PTEs containing 4-mercaptobutyrate (4MB) as building blocks could not be achieved. The very harmful 4MB is not used as a PTE precursor or as the carbon source for growth by any known strain. As a promising alternative, the harmless oxidized disulfide of two molecules of 4MB, 4,4′-dithiodibutyric acid (DTDB), was employed for enrichments of bacterial strains capable of biodegradation. Investigation of novel precursor substrates for PTEs and comparison of respective strains growing on TDP, DTDP and DTDB as sole carbon source was accomplished. A broad variety of bacteria capable of using one of these organic sulphur compounds were isolated and compared. TDP and DTDP were degraded by several strains belonging to different genera, whereas all DTDB-utilizing strains were affiliated to the species Rhodococcus erythropolis. Transposon mutagenesis of R. erythropolis strain MI2 and screening of 7500 resulting mutants yielded three mutants exhibiting impaired growth on DTDB. Physiological studies revealed production of volatile hydrogen sulphide and accumulation of significant amounts of 4MB, 4-oxo-4-sulphanylbutanoic acid and succinic acid in the culture supernatants. Based on this knowledge, a putative pathway for degradation of DTDB was proposed: DTDB could be cleaved into two molecules of 4MB, followed by an oxidation yielding 4-oxo-4-sulphanylbutanoic acid. A putative desulphydrase probably catalyses the abstraction of sulphur, thereby generating succinic acid and hydrogen sulphide.

Anaerobic 35°C and 55°C Treatment of a BCTMP/TMP Effluent: Sulphur Management Strategies

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 433-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Stephenson ◽  
R. M. R. Branion ◽  
K. L. Pinder
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sulphate Reduction ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Thermomechanical Pulp ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Molybdenum Addition

Pulp manufacture uses sulphur in a variety of forms and these sulphur compounds ultimately end up in the effluent. Under anaerobic conditions, sulphite and sulphate are reduced to sulphide, presenting problems of toxicity, odour, corrosion, and reduced methane yields and treatment efficiencies. The fate of these inorganic sulphur compounds in a bleached chemi-thermomechanical pulp/thermomechanical pulp (BCTMP/TMP) effluent mixture was examined in two phase anaerobic reactors at 35°C and 55°C. The following sulphur management strategies were investigated: 1) controlling the pH of the acidogenic reactor, 2) inhibiting the sulphur reducing bacteria via molybdenum addition to the feed tank, and 3) stripping the hydrogen sulphide dissolved in the methane phase reactor liquor by recycling hydrogen sulphide-free off gas. The laboratory scale experimental apparatus consisted of upflow anaerobic sludge bed pre-treatment or acidogenic reactors followed by hybrid upflow anaerobic sludge bed/fixed film methanogenic reactors. At 35°C, controlling the pH of the acidogenic reactors with sodium carbonate from 5.5 (uncontrolled) to 8.0 in order to shift the formed sulphide species to the less toxic ionic form appeared to be ineffective in promoting wastewater treatment efficiency. Molybdenum addition to the wastewater at levels from 0.1 to 1.0 mM was effective at 1.0 mM in retarding sulphate reduction or sulphide formation. Hydrogen sulphide stripping, using ferric chloride scrubbed and recycled off gas, appeared to be the most effective means of sulphur management for this type of wastewater under these conditions. Tbermophilic 55°C anaerobic treatment was also studied using the same effluent, inocula and sulphur management strategies. Overall, both the treatment efficiency and the sulphate reduction were lower for the thermophilic runs compared to the mesophilic runs. Raising the acidogenic phase reactor pH from 7.0 to 7.5 to 8.0 appeared to have no significant effect on organic carbon removal efficiency or on sulphate reduction. Molybdenum inhibition of sulphur reduction was not as marked as for the 1.0 mM level at 35°C, perhaps due to the already low baseline sulphate reduction efficiency at 55°C. Stripping hydrogen sulphide from the reactor liquor helped to promote the treatment efficiency and lowered the sulphide and sulphate levels. Similar to the 35°C study, sulphide removal by gas stripping appeared to be the most effective means of sulphur management

Formation of sulphur compounds during the hydrodenitrogenation of aniline, cyclohexylamine, benzylamine, and 2-phenylethylamine on a nickel-tungsten catalyst in the presence of hydrogen sulphide

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 2387-2392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Černý ◽  
Antonín Trka
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Degree Of Conversion ◽  
Direct Part ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Nickel Tungsten

Hydrodenitrogenations of aniline, cyclohexylamine, benzylamine, and 2-phenylethylamine were performed on a sulphided nickel-tungsten catalyst at 300°C in an autoclave filled with hydrogen in the absence and in the presence of hydrogen sulphide. Due to the presence of hydrogen sulphide the degree of conversion increased from 0.9 to 3,6% for aniline and from 72 to 99% for benzylamine, and the fraction of neutral substances increased from 2.4 to 7% for cyclohexylamine and from 5.0 to 8.9% for 2-phenylethylamine. The neutral fractions contained cyclohexanethiol, thiobenzamide, 2-phenylethanethiol, and other sulphur compounds giving evidence that the increased degree of conversion of the amines was due to the hydrogen sulphide taking direct part in the chemical reaction.

scholarly journals Biomonitoring Studies and Preventing the Formation of Biogenic H2S in the Wierzchowice Underground Gas Storage Facility

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5463
Author(s):  
Anna Turkiewicz ◽  
Teresa Steliga ◽  
Dorota Kluk ◽  
Zbigniew Gminski
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Storage Facility ◽  
Underground Gas Storage ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Organic Sulphur ◽  
Isotopic Analyses ◽  
Production Wells ◽  
Observation Wells

The article discusses the results of biomonitoring research at the Underground Gas Storage (UGS). Hydrogen sulphide, as one of the products of microbiological reaction and transformation, as well as a product of chemical reactions in rocks, is a subject of interest for global petroleum companies. The materials used in this research work were formation waters and stored natural gas. The biomonitoring of reservoir waters and cyclical analyses of the composition of gas stored at UGS Wierzchowice enabled the assessment of the microbiological condition of the reservoir environment and individual storage wells in subsequent years of operation. Investigations of the formation water from individual wells of the UGS Wierzchowice showed the presence of sulphate reducing bacteria bacteria (SRB), such as Desulfovibrio and Desulfotomaculum genera and bacteria that oxidize sulphur compounds. In the last cycles of UGS Wierzchowice, the content of hydrogen sulphide and sulphides in the reservoir waters ranged from 1.22 to 15.5 mg/dm3. The monitoring of natural gas received from UGS production wells and observation wells, which was carried out in terms of the determination of hydrogen sulphide and organic sulphur compounds, made it possible to observe changes in their content in natural gas in individual storage cycles. In the last cycles of UGS Wierzchowice, the content of hydrogen sulphide in natural gas from production wells ranged from 0.69 to 2.89 mg/dm3, and the content of organic sulphur compounds converted to elemental sulphur ranged from 0.055 to 0.130 mg Sel./Nm3. A higher hydrogen sulphide content was recorded in natural gas from observation wells in the range of 2.02–25.15 mg/Nm3. In order to explain the causes of hydrogen sulphide formation at UGS Wierzchowice, isotopic analyses were performed to determine the isotope composition of δ34SH2S, δ34SSO4, δ18OSO4 in natural gas samples (production and observation wells) and in the deep sample of reservoir water. The results of isotope tests in connection with microbiological tests, chromatographic analyses of sulphur compounds in natural gas collected from UGS Wierzchowice and an analysis of the geological structure of the Wierzchowice deposit allow us to conclude that the dominant processes responsible for the formation of hydrogen sulphide at UGS Wierzchowice are microbiological, consisting of microbial sulphate reduction (MSR). The presented tests allow for the control and maintenance of hydrogen sulphide at a low level in the natural gas received from the Wierzchowice Underground Gas Storage facility.

Changes in Concentration of Volatile Sulphur Compounds of Mouth Air during the Menstrual Cycle

1978 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Tonzetich ◽  
George Preti ◽  
George R Huggins
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Methyl Mercaptan ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Volatile Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Vaginal Secretions ◽  
Cyclic Variations ◽  
Cyclic Changes

Five female subjects were studied to determine the applicability of volatile sulphur analysis of mouth air to monitor chemical, cytological and physiological changes observed during the menstrual cycle. Volatile sulphur results were compiled over twelve ovulatory cycles derived from two or three consecutive cycles from each subject. The results of mouth air evaluations were compared with concurrently determined levels of hormones in blood serum and organic metabolites in vaginal secretions. Distinct cyclic variations were observed in concentrations of all three volatile sulphur components (hydrogen sulphide, methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulphide) of mouth air. There was a definite overall trend for the compounds to increase two- to four-fold immediately around mid-cycle and menstruation as well as during mid-proliferative and mid-luteal phases of each menstrual cycle. In those cycles in which hormonal profiles were obtained, the increase in volatile sulphur content closely coincided with the mid-cycle surge in luteinizing hormone, while the peak during the mid-luteal phase corresponded to a period of maximum level of progesterone and elevated oestrogens. The concentrations of lactic acid and urea in vaginal secretions also underwent cyclic changes analogous to those described for volatile sulphur components of mouth air. The occurrence of malodourous concentrations of hydrogen sulphide and methyl mercaptan immediately around menses in most of the cycles studied satisfactorily accounts for the reported incidence of breath malodour observed during this time.

Some volatile compounds in New Zealand Cheddar cheese and their possible significance in flavour formation: II. Volatile compounds of sulphur

1959 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. L. Walker
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Carbonyl Compounds ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Cheddar Cheese ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Gas Entrainment ◽  
Volatile Sulphur Compounds

The volatile sulphur compounds present in New Zealand Cheddar cheese have been studied by means of gas entrainment and steam-distillation techniques. Hydrogen sulphide was the only sulphur compound which could be detected, and after removal of this compound from the gas stream or steam distillate only a mixture of carbonyl compounds remained. Subsequent removal of these compounds completely destroyed the original cheesy aroma of the gas stream or distillate.The parts played by hydrogen sulphide and carbonyl compounds in Cheddar cheese flavour are discussed.The author wishes to record his gratitude to Dr H. R. Whitehead and Dr W. A. McGillivray for their helpful advice and criticism and to Mr P. L. McLaughlin for technical assistance.

Chemotropic studies on the blow-flies Lucilia sericata (Mg.) and Lucilia caesar (L.)

Parasitology ◽  
1945 ◽  
Vol 36 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 168-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Cragg ◽  
G. R. Ramage
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Ammonium Carbonate ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Lucilia Sericata ◽  
New Method ◽  
Living Animal ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Ethyl Mercaptan ◽  
Sheep Wool

1. Oviposition by L. sericata has been induced on a moist clipped fleece by incorporating ammonium carbonate and indole, hence attraction is not completely dependent on some factor produced by the living animal.2. Chemistry of attractants. A new method for determining small amounts of hydrogen sulphide is described. Larval excreta contains hydrogen sulphide but no indole or skatole. Following incubation the ammonia and sulphydryl contents of various natural attractants are markedly increased.3. Field trials on sheep. 0·002% ethyl mercaptan in conjunction with 0·1% ammonium carbonate was able to induce oviposition by L. sericata. The mercaptan concentration could be reduced to 0·001%, providing 0·0001% hydrogen sulphide was present. 0·01% mercaptan and aqueous solutions of hydrogen sulphide alone are not attractive.4. The results obtained support the hypothesis that attraction is the result of the breakdown of cystine, with the production of sulphur compounds, coupled with the presence of ammonium carbonate (or of some putrefactive material).5. Chemical baits. During the period 17 August–21 September 1943, various combinations of ammonium carbonate, hydrogen sulphide and indole in conjunction with sheep wool proved to be attractants for females of L. caesar.

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