A study of the behaviour of polarized electrodes. Part 3.—The behaviour of the silver/silver chloride system during electrolytic reduction

1952 ◽  
Vol 48 (0) ◽  
pp. 1171-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. D. Briggs ◽  
H. R. Thirsk
Keyword(s):  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Electrolytic Reduction ◽  
Chloride System ◽  
Silver Silver ◽  
Silver Silver Chloride

VOLTAIC CELLS IN FUSED SALTS: PART I. THE SILVER – SILVER CHLORIDE, COBALT – COBALTOUS CHLORIDE SYSTEM

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1139-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Flengas ◽  
T. R. Ingraham
Keyword(s):  
Electromotive Force ◽  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Chloride System ◽  
Fused Salts ◽  
Silver Silver ◽  
The Right ◽  
Silver Silver Chloride ◽  
Voltaic Cell

A reversible silver − silver chloride reference electrode for use in melts at high temperatures has been developed. It was found that the solution of silver chloride in an equimolar mixture of KCl–NaCl melt is ideal for the range of concentrations studied, i.e. 1.0 × 10−3 to 6.0 × 10−2 mole fraction of AgCl.The electromotive force of the voltaic cell[Formula: see text]in which the half-cell to the right contains the above-mentioned reference electrode, was measured as a function of CoCl2 concentration. The applicability of the Nernst equation to this system was established. Deviation from ideality was observed in the case of the solution of CoCl2 in the melt solvent, and this was attributed to the formation of a complex. The dissociation constant of this complex was calculated as 4.50 × 10−2 at 710 °C.The effect of temperature on the electromotive force of this cell was also measured, and the heat of the cell reaction in the presence of solvent (Co + 2AgCl → CoCl2 + 2Ag) was calculated from the data as 22.8 ± 1.3 kcal.The thermodynamic significance of the standard electrode potential of the Co–Ag voltaic cell, derived experimentally as 0.324 volt, is discussed briefly.

scholarly journals A Novel Highly Durable Carbon/Silver/Silver Chloride Composite Electrode for High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1962
Author(s):  
Lingjun Li ◽  
Guangli Li ◽  
Yuliang Cao ◽  
Yvonne Yanwen Duan
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Silver Silver ◽  
Sintered Ag ◽  
Silver Silver Chloride

High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) is a promising non-invasive neuromodulation technique, which has been widely used in the clinical intervention and treatment of neurological or psychiatric disorders. Sintered Ag/AgCl electrode has become a preferred candidate for HD-tDCS, but its service life is very short, especially for long-term anodal stimulation. To address this issue, a novel highly durable conductive carbon/silver/silver chloride composite (C/Ag/AgCl) electrode was fabricated by a facile cold rolling method. The important parameters were systematically optimized, including the conductive enhancer, the particle size of Ag powder, the C:Ag:PTFE ratio, the saline concentration, and the active substance loading. The CNT/Ag/AgCl-721 electrode demonstrated excellent specific capacity and cycling performance. Both constant current anodal polarization and simulated tDCS measurement demonstrated that the service life of the CNT/Ag/AgCl-721 electrodes was 15-16 times of that of sintered Ag/AgCl electrodes. The much longer service life can be attributed to the formation of the three-dimensional interpenetrating conductive network with CNT doping, which can maintain a good conductivity and cycling performance even if excessive non-conductive AgCl is accumulated on the surface during long-term anodal stimulation. Considering their low cost, long service life, and good skin tolerance, the proposed CNT/Ag/AgCl electrodes have shown promising application prospects in HD-tDCS, especially for daily life scenarios.

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