Polarography of the hydrogen ion in concentrated solutions of lithium chloride

1968 ◽  
pp. 940 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. Roberts ◽  
H. van der Woude
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Concentrated Solutions

Pathogenesis of Intraventricular Hemorrhage

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-387
Author(s):  
Kenneth L. Wible
Keyword(s):  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Concentrated Solutions ◽  
Rapid Infusion ◽  
Free Hydrogen ◽  
Pharmacologic Effect ◽  
Cerebral Capillary ◽  
Capillary Bed ◽  
Bicarbonate Solutions

The article by Kenny et al (Pediatrics 62:465, 1978) on the pathogenesis of intraventricular hemorrhage has prompted some thoughts regarding the role of rapid infusion of concentrated bicarbonate solutions and their relationship to neonatal intracranial hemorrhage. I should like to suggest that perhaps rather than the osmotic influences as has often been suggested, we may be dealing with the pharmacologic effect of excessive amounts of CO2 transiently generated in the cerebral capillary bed by the reaction of these concentrated solutions with excessive free hydrogen ion.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE PURIFIED SPREADING FACTOR FROM TESTICLE

1937 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 661-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Claude ◽  
F. Duran-Reynals
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Concentrated Solutions ◽  
Spreading Factor ◽  
Semipermeable Membranes ◽  
Acid Media ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Spreading Property ◽  
Ether Alcohol

1. The factor responsible for the spreading property of testicle extracts was found to be soluble in water, in salt solution, and in acid media. It is relatively stable at high hydrogen ion concentrations, and it is not precipitated or inactivated by hydrochloric acid up to pH 2.0. The spreading substance is not soluble in acetone, ether, alcohol, chloroform, or pyridine. It is inactivated by crystalline trypsin and pepsin at the optimum pH of action of these enzymes. It is not attacked by a crystallized carboxypolypeptidase. The substance does not pass semipermeable membranes which retain proteins. The color tests for proteins are positive. At least 14.2 per cent of the fraction isolated is nitrogen. Taken together these properties are strong evidence that the testicular factor is a protein. 2. A method for the preparation of the spreading factor in relatively pure form is presented and discussed. 3. In addition to the spread, concentrated solutions of the testicular factor are shown to produce a condition of the skin having the characters of edema.

scholarly journals THE DECOMPOSITION OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE BY LIVER CATALASE

1928 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Williams
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Catalytic Decomposition ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Concentrated Solutions ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
A Value ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Adsorption Of Hydrogen ◽  
New Interpretation

1. The velocity of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by catalase as a function of (a) concentration of catalase, (b) concentration of hydrogen peroxide, (c) hydrogen ion concentration, (d) temperature has been studied in an attempt to correlate these variables as far as possible. It is concluded that the reaction involves primarily adsorption of hydrogen peroxide at the catalase surface. 2. The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by catalase is regarded as involving two reactions, namely, the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, which is a maximum at the optimum pH 6.8 to 7.0, and the "induced inactivation" of catalase by the "nascent" oxygen produced by the hydrogen peroxide and still adhering to the catalase surface. This differs from the more generally accepted view, namely that the induced inactivation is due to the H2O2 itself. On the basis of the above view, a new interpretation is given to the equation of Yamasaki and the connection between the equations of Yamasaki and of Northrop is pointed out. It is shown that the velocity of induced inactivation is a minimum at the pH which is optimal for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. 3. The critical increment of the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by catalase is of the order 3000 calories. The critical increment of induced inactivation is low in dilute hydrogen peroxide solutions but increases to a value of 30,000 calories in concentrated solutions of peroxide.

On the optimal conditions for the homogeneous nucleation of cubic ice from concentrated solutions of lithium chloride-deuterium oxide

1983 ◽  
Vol 87 (21) ◽  
pp. 4170-4173 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Elarby-Aquizerat ◽  
J. F. Jal ◽  
C. Ferradou ◽  
J. Dupuy ◽  
P. Chieux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
Homogeneous Nucleation ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Concentrated Solutions

scholarly journals Precipitation Phenomena and the Wassermann Reaction

1926 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. L. Wolf ◽  
E. K. Rideal
Keyword(s):  
Horse Serum ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Concentrated Solutions ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Violet Light ◽  
Repeated Freezing ◽  
Precipitation Phenomena ◽  
Wassermann Reaction

1. “Antigens” of varying sensitivity may be prepared by coating a dispersion of gum benzoin with saponin.2. Using suitable dispersions so prepared a zone of precipitation is observed which is more extended for specific than for normal sera. Differentiation is more pronounced as the region of the isoelectric point of the globulin is approached.3. Precipitation is effected by the ions of salts present in the solution discharging the negative antigen suspension which has been sensitised by the protein of the serum.4. The mechanism of sensitisation is described.5. Both albumins and globulins can protect or sensitise gum benzoin suspensions, the effect depending on an appropriate dilution. This effect occurs qualitatively irrespective of the hydrogen ion concentration of the medium. Quantitatively the position of the zone of precipitation and its extent is contingent on the reaction of the medium.6. The euglobulin fractions of normal and of luetie sera deprived as far as possible of their lipoids can be differentiated both by the Wassermann test, and by precipitation tests.7. Delipoided euglobulins from horse serum will yield a Wassermann positive reaction when used in certain concentrations. In more concentrated solutions an anticomplementary effect is exhibited.8. Evidence is presented for the view that the euglobulins of specific sera differ rather in their composition or state of aggregation than in quantity from the euglobulin of non-specific sera.9. The changes in sensitising power and in the Wassermann reactivity of euglobulin caused by repeated freezing or exposure to ultra-violet light run a parallel course.10. Attempts to change the Wassermann properties of normal sera are briefly described.

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