Liquid droplets and solid particles at surfactant solution interfaces

1995 ◽  
Vol 91 (17) ◽  
pp. 2681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Aveyard ◽  
John H. Clint
Keyword(s):  
Surfactant Solution ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Liquid Droplets

Acoustic Levitation as an IR Spectroscopy Sampling Technique

1989 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Cronin ◽  
T. B. Brill
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Surfactant Solution ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Acoustic Levitation ◽  
Liquid Droplets ◽  
Aqueous Nitrate Solution ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Sample Support ◽  
Support Methods

Acoustic levitation of liquid droplets (< 4 mm diameter), bubbles, and solid particles is described as an unusual sampling technique for obtaining the infrared spectrum of samples that might be incompatible with conventional sample support methods, and for studies of materials under extreme conditions. Excellent FT-IR spectra were recorded of bubbles of a concentrated aqueous nitrate solution, of mineral oil, and of an aqueous surfactant solution. Polymethacrylic acid packing foam also produced a high-quality spectrum. Large aqueous droplets and dense solids gave unsatisfactory spectra. The design of the levitator and various spectroscopic considerations are discussed.

Simulation of Impaction Between Liquid Droplet and Solid Particles Based on SPH Method

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Meng ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Rui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Solid Particle ◽  
Liquid Droplet ◽  
Particle Interaction ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Seed Particle ◽  
Liquid Droplets ◽  
Particle Hydrodynamics ◽  
Smoothed Particle ◽  
Spray Granulation

The phenomenon of impaction between liquid droplets and solid particles is involved in many scientific problems and engineering applications, such as impaction between sprayed droplet and solid particles in limestone injection desulfurization system and the collision between a droplet of the liquid to be granulated and a seed particle in fluidized bed spray granulation process. There are a lot of factors affected this phenomenon: droplet and particle size, momentum of both liquid droplet and solid particles, materials, surface conditions of the solid particles and so on. However the experimental or numerical researches have been done mostly pay attention to Specific application or process, so the impaction phenomenon has not been through studied, for example how different factors affected the impaction process with its effect on different applications. This paper focuses on the basic issue of interaction between droplet and solid particles. Three main factors were considered: ratio of diameter between the droplet and solid particle, relative velocity and the surface tension (including the contact angle between droplet and solid particle). All the study is based on simulation using SPH (smoothed particle hydrodynamics) method, and the surface tension is simulated by particle-particle interaction.

Measurement of Interactions between Solid Particles, Liquid Droplets, and/or Gas Bubbles in a Liquid using an Integrated Thin Film Drainage Apparatus

Langmuir ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 3594-3603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louxiang Wang ◽  
David Sharp ◽  
Jacob Masliyah ◽  
Zhenghe Xu
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Gas Bubbles ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Liquid Droplets ◽  
Film Drainage

Benchmark Study of CFD-Based Prediction Accuracy of the Models Evaluating Particle and Droplet Induced Erosion for Engineering Applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoxiang Qian ◽  
Shinichiro Kanamaru
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Liquid Droplets ◽  
Counter Measures ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Benchmark Study ◽  
Erosion Models

Abstract The particles (including solid particles and liquid droplets) existing in multi-phase flow in process plants can cause erosion due to flow turbulence, and thus, result in pipe wall thinning. Hence, it is important to evaluate erosion rate for determining design margin and finding counter-measures. Many models have been proposed for predicting particles induced erosion rate, but there is significant disparity in their prediction accuracy. The present study aims to verify prediction accuracy of some major erosion models utilizing the published experimental data, for applications to engineering. CFD benchmark study was conducted for three different piping geometries to investigate prediction accuracy of solid particle induced erosion rates for five major erosion models. CFD results show that the erosion rates predicted by Grant & Tabakoff model are closest to the experimental results with acceptable prediction accuracy for applications to engineering. Also, CFD benchmark study was also performed to verify the prediction accuracy of droplet induced erosion rates for three erosion models, utilizing the published experimental data. CFD results show that the erosion rates predicted by Haugen model for all the water impingement velocities are closest to the experimental results with acceptable prediction accuracy for applications to engineering.

scholarly journals New Generalized Viscosity Model for Non-Colloidal Suspensions and Emulsions

Fluids ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Rajinder Pal
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Colloidal Suspensions ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Viscosity Model ◽  
Viscosity Data ◽  
Liquid Droplets ◽  
Newtonian Liquids ◽  
Liquid Suspensions ◽  
Induced Aggregation

The viscous behavior of solids-in-liquid suspensions and liquid-in-liquid emulsions of non-Brownian solid particles and liquid droplets dispersed in Newtonian liquids is thoroughly discussed and reviewed. The full concentration range of the dispersed particles/droplets is covered, that is, 0<ϕ<ϕm, where ϕ is the volume fraction of inclusions (particles or droplets) and ϕm is the maximum packing volume fraction of inclusions. The existing viscosity models for suspensions and emulsions are evaluated using a large pool of experimental viscosity data on suspensions and emulsions. A new generalized model for the viscosity of suspensions and emulsions is proposed and evaluated. The model takes into consideration the influence of shear-induced aggregation of particles and droplets. It also includes the effect of the droplet-to-matrix viscosity ratio λ on the viscosity of emulsions. In the limit of high ratio of droplet viscosity to matrix viscosity (λ→∞), the model reduces to the suspension viscosity model. The proposed model uncovers some important and novel characteristics of suspension systems rarely discussed heretofore in the literature. The model is validated using twenty sets of experimental viscosity data on solids-in-liquid suspensions and twenty-three sets of experimental viscosity data on liquid-in-liquid emulsions.

scholarly journals Homogeneous nucleation rates of nitric acid dihydrate (NAD) at simulated stratospheric conditions – Part I: Experimental results

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 2091-2117 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Stetzer ◽  
O. Möhler ◽  
R. Wagner ◽  
S. Benz ◽  
H. Saathoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Liquid Droplets ◽  
In Situ Ftir ◽  
Data Set ◽  
In Situ Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Nucleation ◽  
Aerosol Chamber ◽  
Measured Volume

Abstract. The low temperature aerosol chamber AIDA was used to study the nucleation of nitric acid dihydrate (NAD) in super-cooled nitric acid aerosols under simulated stratospheric conditions in the temperature range 192 K–197 K. The nucleating solution droplets had median diameters between 225 and 290 nm and molar fractions of nitric acid between 0.26 and 0.28. Nucleation of solid particles was unambiguously observed in two out of three experiments during time periods of up to five hours. The newly formed crystals could be clearly distinguished from the remaining liquid droplets by their increasing size with an optical particle spectrometer. The solid particles could be unequivocally identified as strongly aspherical nitric acid dihydrate crystals (α-NAD) by in-situ FTIR-spectroscopy. From our experimental data set there is no indication of direct nucleation of NAT or a conversion of NAD into NAT while having saturation ratios with resprect to NAT of about 20–26. The temporal evolutions of the NAD particle concentrations were used to derive individual nucleation rates for NAD. The measured volume nucleation rates ranged from 3.9·105 cm-3s-1 at 195.8 K and XNA=0.27 to 1.9·107 cm-3s-1 at 192.1 K and XNA=0.28. The corresponding hypothetical surface nucleation rates of 2·100 to 1·102 cm-2s-1 are smaller than the parameterisation of Tabazadeh et al. (2002) by factors between 25 and >103.

scholarly journals Environmental Particulate Air Pollution Exposure and the Oxidative Stress Responses: A Brief Review of the Impact on the Organism and Animal Models of Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Brendler Goettems Fiorin ◽  
Mirna Stela Ludwig ◽  
Matias Nunes Frizzo ◽  
Thiago Gomes Heck
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Cellular Stress ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Cellular Stress Response ◽  
Liquid Droplets ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
Ultrafine Particulate Matter

Particulate matter (PM) is a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air, and it is one of the most harmful air pollutants. When inhaled, it affects the pulmonary system, cardiovascular systems, and other tissues. The size, composition, and deposition of PM, mainly related to fine and ultrafine particulate matter, are factors that determine the harmful effects of exposure to particles. Among the main effects is the inducer of ROS production, and consequently oxidative tissue damage in target organs and other responses, mediated by inflammatory cytokines and cellular stress response. The main pathway through which particles are potent mediators of oxidative stress is the damage caused to DNA and lipid molecules, whereas the pro-inflammatory response involves an immune response against PM, which in turn, it is related to cell stress responses observed by heat shock proteins (HSPs) expression and release. Thus, the ability of an organism to respond to PM inhalation requires anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and cellular stress defenses that can be impaired in susceptible subjects as people with chronic diseases as diabetes and obesity. In this chapter, we discuss the mechanistic aspects of PM effects on health and present some animal research models in particle inhalation studies.

Foams and Emulsions: Their Stability and Breakdown by Solid Particles and Liquid Droplets

1999 ◽  
pp. 21-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Aveyard ◽  
B. P. Binks ◽  
J. H. Clint ◽  
P. D. I. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Solid Particles ◽  
Liquid Droplets
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