Pairwise interaction parameters for sodium, potassium and halide ions in aqueous solutions

1988 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres C. R. Antonini ◽  
Michael J. Blandamer ◽  
John Burgess ◽  
Andrew W. Hakin ◽  
Neil D. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Pairwise Interaction ◽  
Interaction Parameters ◽  
Halide Ions ◽  
Sodium Potassium

The interaction parameters for solutions of n-butylurea in aqueous solutions of N-methylacetamide – The volumetric and compressibility studies between 288.15 K and 308.15 K

2020 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 106143
Author(s):  
Emilia Kaczkowska ◽  
Jarosław Wawer ◽  
Magdalena Tyczyńska ◽  
Małgorzata Jóźwiak ◽  
Joanna Krakowiak
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Interaction Parameters

scholarly journals Ice–Brine Dendritic Aggregate formed on Freezing of Aqueous Solutions

1967 ◽  
Vol 6 (47) ◽  
pp. 663-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Rohatgi ◽  
C. M. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Solute Concentration ◽  
Dendrite Spacing ◽  
Freezing Rate ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Binary Solutions ◽  
Chill Surface ◽  
Unidirectional Freezing ◽  
Solute Diffusivity

Dendritic aggregates of ice and brine formed upon freezing of aqueous solutions have been studied. Chlorides of sodium, potassium, lithium and hydrogen were used as solutes; structures produced on freezing of binary, ternary and quaternary solutions were examined. Effects of freezing rate, solute concentration, solute diffusivity, mixing of solutions and magnetic fields are reported. The spacing between ice platelets or dendrites was found experimentally to be proportional to the square root of the freezing time when the freezing rate was constant from beginning to end of solidification. During unidirectional freezing from a constant temperature chill, the solution at each location is subjected to a spectrum of freezing rates; dendrite spacing increases linearly with distance from the chill surface and it is inversely proportional to the square root of the maximum freezing rate. In binary solutions dendrite spacing increases linearly with solute concentration; above a critical solute concentration ice platelets develop side branches. Application of an external magnetic field has an effect similar to increasing concentration. At a given solute concentration, spacing between ice dendrites increases linearly with solute diffusivity. In ternary and quaternary solutions dendrite spacing is a function of the concentrations and diffusivities of each of the constituent solutes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document