Nucleophilic substitution in binary mixed solvents. Kinetics and transfer enthalpies of anions in the mixed solvents methanol + propylene carbonate and methanol+N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone

1980 ◽  
Vol 76 (0) ◽  
pp. 812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiko Kondo ◽  
Kazumi Yuki ◽  
Takeshi Yoshida ◽  
Niichiro Tokura
Keyword(s):  
Nucleophilic Substitution ◽  
Propylene Carbonate ◽  
Mixed Solvents

Solubilities of the silver halides in propylene carbonate mixtures with bis(trifluoroethyl)sulfite

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (13) ◽  
pp. 2499-2503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Salomon
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Carbonate ◽  
Inductive Effect ◽  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Silver Ions ◽  
Halide Ions ◽  
Silver Halides

The complex solubilities of AgCl, AgBr, and AgI have been measured in several mixed solvents containing propylene carbonate and bis(trifluoroethyl)sulfite. The results indicate that a large inductive effect destabilizes the solvation of silver ions whereas the halide ions appear to be stabilized by coordination with the sulfinyl sulfur. Several physio-chemical properties of pure bis(trifluoroethyl)sulfite are reported.

Molar volumes and viscosities of LiClO4 and LiBr in propylene carbonate+1,2-dimethoxyethane mixed solvents at 298.15K

2006 ◽  
Vol 244 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Jianji Wang ◽  
Zhenning Yan ◽  
Kelei Zhuo
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Carbonate ◽  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
Molar Volumes

Some thermodynamic and transport properties of lithium salts in mixed aprotic solvents and the effect of water on such properties

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine Couture ◽  
Jacques E. Desnoyers ◽  
Gérald Perron
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Propylene Carbonate ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Ion Pairs ◽  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Heat Capacities ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Aprotic Solvents ◽  
High Concentration

In a continuing study on the optimization of the electrolyte medium for high-energy lithium batteries, volumes, heat capacities, and specific conductivities of LiClO4 and LiBr were measured in mixtures of γ-butyrolactone (BUTY) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) and of propylene carbonate (PC) and BUTY. These results are compared with those of the electrolytes in the pure solvents. Phase diagrams are also reported when appropriate. The effect of addition of water to these binary and ternary systems was investigated with the same techniques. The mixtures DME–BUTY, PC–DME, DME–H2O, and BUTY–H2O are typical of mixtures of aprotic solvents and mixtures of aprotic solvents and water. The electrolytes at high concentrations in aprotic solvents of low dielectric constants are largely associated. The medium still conducts electrolytically since the ion pairs are in a state that resembles to a large extent that of a molten salt. With some systems at high concentration, stable solvates persist in the solution medium, as evidenced mostly by heat capacities, and are in equilibrium with either the excess solvent or unsolvated molten salts. In mixed solvents, the properties of electrolytes can largely be predicted from the binary systems and by the coexistence of these solvates. The properties of water in DME, BUTY, or mixtures of the two solvents are modified significantly in the presence of LiBr but only slightly with LiClO4. These specific interactions, which affect the heat capacities much more than the volumes and which are especially large with the system LiBr–DME, could be responsible for the decrease in reactivity of water with lithium metal in an aprotic medium in the presence of certain electrolytes. Key words: LiClO4, LiBr, γ-butyrolactone, dimethoxyethane, propylene carbonate, lithium battery, aprotic solvent, water, association, solvates, solid–liquid phase diagrams, volumes, heat capacities, specific conductivities.

Viscosity Properties of Electrolytes in Propylene Carbonate Based Lithium Battery Electrolyte Solutions

2003 ◽  
Vol 217 (6) ◽  
pp. 637-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianji Wang ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Kelei Zhuo ◽  
Ruisen Lin
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Carbonate ◽  
Composition Dependence ◽  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
Activation Parameters ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Range Interaction ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Molecular Nature

AbstractViscosities of LiClO4 and LiBr have been measured in solvent mixtures of propylene carbonate (PC) with dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetonitrile (AN) and methyl formate (MF) at 298.15K. The dependence of viscosity on the composition of the mixed solvents was fitted with an equation without adjustable parameter. Viscosity B-coefficients for lithium salts and the corresponding activation free energies (Δμ0,≠) for viscous flow have been evaluated. At the same time, viscosity B-coefficients were predicted by the dielectric friction theory. The unsuccessful prediction of the composition dependence of the B-coefficients indicates that improvements will be necessary on the theory with taking account of the short-range interaction and molecular nature of the solvents. Furthermore, solute–solvent interactions in these mixed solvents are discussed in terms of the B-coefficients and activation parameters.

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