Determination of intermolecular forces from macroscopic properties

1965 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Rowlinson
Keyword(s):  
Intermolecular Forces ◽  
Macroscopic Properties

Modifying the Metal Oxide Filler with a Silicon-Organic Oligomer in a Solution of an Organic Solvent

2020 ◽  
Vol 992 ◽  
pp. 775-779
Author(s):  
R.N. Yastrebinsky ◽  
A.A. Karnauhov ◽  
Anna V. Yastrebinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Intermolecular Forces ◽  
Wetting Angle ◽  
Oxide Surface ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Active Centers ◽  
Filled Polymers ◽  
Dioxide Powder ◽  
Hexane Solution ◽  
Polar Polymer

The use of tungsten dioxide as a filler for a non-polar polymer matrix is limited due to its high hydrophilicity and abrasiveness, which degrades the properties of the filled polymers. The paper presents the results of studies on the surface modification of tungsten oxide with organosilicon polyethylsiloxane. The mechanisms for modifying the surface of tungsten dioxide, based on the fixation of the modifier under the action of intermolecular forces of attraction and interaction of the hydroxyl groups of the oxide surface with the reactive bonds of the Si-H oligomer, have been established. To create additional active centers in the form of groups (–OH) on the surface of tungsten dioxide, it was boiled, which contributes to the forced hydroxylation of the surface. The adsorption of polyethylsiloxane with powdered tungsten dioxide from n-hexane solution was investigated. The results on determination of the wetting angle of unmodified and modified tungsten dioxide powder are presented. It has been established that modification with polyethylsiloxane leads to an increase in the wetting angle of tungsten dioxide to 121o, which indicates its hydrophobic properties.

The determination of intermolecular forces in gases from their viscosity

1937 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Intermolecular Forces ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Repulsive Force ◽  
Positive Zero ◽  
Intermolecular Force ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Coefficient Of Viscosity

A method of determining the coefficient of viscosity of a gas of spherically symmetrical molecules under ordinary conditions has been given by Chapman. His result is equivalent towhere m is the mass of a molecule of the gas, T is the absolute temperature, k is Boltzmann's constant 1·372. 10−16 and ε is a small quantity which later investigations on a gas in which the intermolecular force is inversely proportional to the nth power of the distance have shown to vary from zero when n = 5 to 0·016 when n = ∞ (equivalent to molecules which are elastic spheres); it may reasonably be supposed that ε is positive and less than 0·016 in all cases which are likely to be of interest, and it will be neglected in this paper. Alsoπ(r) being the mutual potential energy of two molecules (that is, the repulsive force between them is − ∂π/∂r), and r0 the positive zero of the expression in the denominator, or the largest such positive zero if there are several.

scholarly journals A general kinetic theory of liquids III. Dynamical properties

1947 ◽  
Vol 190 (1023) ◽  
pp. 455-474 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Theory ◽  
Intermolecular Forces ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Thermal Motion ◽  
Theory Of Liquids ◽  
Full Discussion ◽  
Molecular Forces ◽  
Monatomic Fluids ◽  
Fundamental Equations

The theory of liquids formulated in part I and applied to the equilibrium state in part II is here extended to liquids in motion. The connexion between the macroscopic and microscopic properties is revealed by the derivation of a set of generalized hydrodynamical equations, of which the fundamental equations of hydrodynamics are a special case; the more general equations describe the mean motion of clusters of molecules in the fluid. It is shown that the pressure tensor and energy-flux vector in a fluid consist of two parts, due to the thermal motion of the molecules and the intermolecular forces respectively, of which only the first is found in the kinetic theory of gases, but of which the second is dominant for the liquid state. A method is evolved for the study of those ‘normal' non-uniform states which relate to actual monatomic fluids in motion. It becomes apparent, as in the case of equilibrium, that there is a region of temperature and density where analytical singularities arise, closely associated with the process of condensation. Rigorous expressions for the coefficients of viscosity and thermal conduction are then derived which apply equally to the liquid and the gas. They consist of two parts due to the thermal motion and molecular forces respectively, of which the first is dominant for the gas, and the second for the liquid. By approximating to the rigorous formula, an expression for the viscosity of liquids is obtained, comparable with certain other formulae, previously proposed on quasi-empirical grounds, and giving good agreement with experiment. An integro-differential equation is derived for the determination of the distribution functions relating to the non-uniform state. A full discussion is given of the simplest case, and the velocity distribution in, non-uniform liquids and gases examined.

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