Interface-controlled integration of functional oxides with Ge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Averyanov ◽  
Ivan Sokolov ◽  
Igor Karateev ◽  
Alexander Taldenkov ◽  
Oleg Kondratev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Controlled Synthesis ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Functional Oxides ◽  
Material Systems ◽  
Semiconductor Substrates ◽  
Crystalline Oxides ◽  
Made In

Integration of oxides with semiconductor substrates merges functional properties of the two material systems. Significant progress has been made in controlled synthesis of crystalline oxides on silicon. Other semiconductors, such...

Toward quantitative defect analysis using HREM

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 714-715
Author(s):  
David J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Defect Analysis ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Detailed Characterization ◽  
Small Unit ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscope ◽  
Large Unit Cell ◽  
Made In

The electron microscope has evolved to the level where it is now straightforward to record highresolution images from thin samples (t∼10 to 20nm) that are directly interpretable in terms of atomic arrangements. Whilst recorded images necessarily represent two-dimensional projections of the structure, many defects such as dislocations and interfaces may be linear or planar in nature and thus might be expected to be amenable to detailed characterization. In this review, we briefly consider the recent significant progress that has been made in quantitative defect analysis using the high-resolution electron microscope and then discuss some drawbacks to the technique as well as potential scope for further improvements. Surveys of defect modelling for some small-unit-cell materials and interfaces have recently been published, and reference should be made to other papers in this symposium for further examples.The technique of structure imaging originated in the early '70s with observations of large-unit-cell block oxides.

Biomarkers for Early Detection of Colitis-associated Colorectal Cancer - Current Concepts, Future Trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Tomasz Mackiewicz ◽  
Aleksander Sowa ◽  
Jakub Fichna
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Sporadic Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Histological Testing ◽  
Made In

: Colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) remains a critical complication of ulcerative colitis (UC) with mortality of approximately 15%, which makes early CAC diagnosis crucial. The current standard of surveillance, with repetitive colonoscopies and histological testing of biopsied mucosa samples is burdensome and expensive, and therefore less invasive methods and reliable biomarkers are needed. Significant progress has been made thanks to continuous extensive research in this field, however no clinically relevant biomarker has been established so far. This review of the current literature presents the genetic and molecular differences between CAC and sporadic colorectal cancer and covers progress made in the early detection of CAC carcinogenesis. It focuses on biomarkers under development, which can be easily tested in samples of body fluids or breath and, once made clinically available, will help to differentiate between progressors (UC patients who will develop dysplasia) from non-progressors and enable early intervention to decrease the risk of cancer development.

scholarly journals H3ABioNet genomic medicine and microbiome data portals hackathon proceedings

Database ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal M Fadlelmola ◽  
Kais Ghedira ◽  
Yosr Hamdi ◽  
Mariem Hanachi ◽  
Fouzia Radouani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Genomic Medicine ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Team Work ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Pan African ◽  
Scientific Expertise ◽  
Microbiome Data ◽  
Made In

Abstract African genomic medicine and microbiome datasets are usually not well characterized in terms of their origin, making it difficult to find and extract data for specific African ethnic groups or even countries. The Pan-African H3Africa Bioinformatics Network (H3ABioNet) recognized the need for developing data portals for African genomic medicine and African microbiomes to address this and ran a hackathon to initiate their development. The two portals were designed and significant progress was made in their development during the hackathon. All the participants worked in a very synergistic and collaborative atmosphere in order to achieve the hackathon's goals. The participants were divided into content and technical teams and worked over a period of 6 days. In response to one of the survey questions of what the participants liked the most during the hackathon, 55% of the hackathon participants highlighted the familial and friendly atmosphere, the team work and the diversity of team members and their expertise. This paper describes the preparations for the portals hackathon and the interaction between the participants and reflects upon the lessons learned about its impact on successfully developing the two data portals as well as building scientific expertise of younger African researchers. Database URL: The code for developing the two portals was made publicly available in GitHub repositories: [https://github.com/codemeleon/Database; https://github.com/codemeleon/AfricanMicrobiomePortal].

scholarly journals Rational design of photocatalysts for ammonia production from water and nitrogen gas

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seokwoo Choe ◽  
Sung Min Kim ◽  
Yeji Lee ◽  
Jin Seok ◽  
Jiyong Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ammonia Production ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Made In

AbstractPhotocatalytic N2 reduction has emerged as one of the most attractive routes to produce NH3 as a useful commodity for chemicals used in industries and as a carbon-free energy source. Recently, significant progress has been made in understanding, exploring, and designing efficient photocatalyst. In this review, we outline the important mechanistic and experimental procedures for photocatalytic NH3 production. In addition, we review effective strategies on development of photocatalysts. Finally, our analyses on the characteristics and modifications of photocatalysts have been summarized, based on which we discuss the possible future research directions, particularly on preparing more efficient catalysts. Overall, this review provides insights on improving photocatalytic NH3 production and designing solar-driven chemical conversions.

scholarly journals Identification and Validation of New Cancer Stem Cell-Related Genes and Their Regulatory microRNAs in Colorectal Cancerogenesis

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Kristian Urh ◽  
Margareta Žlajpah ◽  
Nina Zidar ◽  
Emanuela Boštjančič
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Bioinformatics Analysis ◽  
Early Carcinoma ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Node Metastases ◽  
Formalin Fixed ◽  
Made In

Significant progress has been made in the last decade in our understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of colorectal cancer (CRC). Cancer stem cells (CSC) have gained much attention and are now believed to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various cancers, including CRC. In the current study, we validated gene expression of four genes related to CSC, L1TD1, SLITRK6, ST6GALNAC1 and TCEA3, identified in a previous bioinformatics analysis. Using bioinformatics, potential miRNA-target gene correlations were prioritized. In total, 70 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsy samples from 47 patients with adenoma, adenoma with early carcinoma and CRC without and with lymph node metastases were included. The expression of selected genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) was evaluated using quantitative PCR. Differential expression of all investigated genes and four of six prioritized miRNAs (hsa-miR-199a-3p, hsa-miR-335-5p, hsa-miR-425-5p, hsa-miR-1225-3p, hsa-miR-1233-3p and hsa-miR-1303) was found in at least one group of CRC cancerogenesis. L1TD1, SLITRK6, miR-1233-3p and miR-1225-3p were correlated to the level of malignancy. A negative correlation between miR-199a-3p and its predicted target SLITRK6 was observed, showing potential for further experimental validation in CRC. Our results provide further evidence that CSC-related genes and their regulatory miRNAs are involved in CRC development and progression and suggest that some them, particularly miR-199a-3p and its SLITRK6 target gene, are promising for further validation in CRC.

scholarly journals The Pivotal Player: Components of NF-κB Pathway as Promising Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7429
Author(s):  
Matthew Martin ◽  
Mengyao Sun ◽  
Aishat Motolani ◽  
Tao Lu
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Diagnostic Screening ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Made In

Over the last several decades, colorectal cancer (CRC) has been one of the most prevalent cancers. While significant progress has been made in both diagnostic screening and therapeutic approaches, a large knowledge gap still remains regarding the early identification and treatment of CRC. Specifically, identification of CRC biomarkers that can help with the creation of targeted therapies as well as increasing the ability for clinicians to predict the biological response of a patient to therapeutics, is of particular importance. This review provides an overview of CRC and its progression stages, as well as the basic types of CRC biomarkers. We then lay out the synopsis of signaling pathways related to CRC, and further highlight the pivotal and multifaceted role of nuclear factor (NF) κB signaling in CRC. Particularly, we bring forth knowledge regarding the tumor microenvironment (TME) in CRC, and its complex interaction with cancer cells. We also provide examples of NF-κB signaling-related CRC biomarkers, and ongoing efforts made at targeting NF-κB signaling in CRC treatment. We conclude and anticipate that with more emerging novel regulators of the NF-κB pathway being discovered, together with their in-depth characterization and the integration of large groups of genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic data, the day of successful development of more ideal NF-κB inhibitors is fast approaching.

Mental health during the Syrian crisis: How Syrians are dealing with the psychological effects

2017 ◽  
Vol 99 (906) ◽  
pp. 927-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazen Hedar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Syrian Crisis ◽  
Health Situation ◽  
Effects Of War ◽  
Made In

AbstractLooking at the physical damage caused by the Syrian war, one can begin to imagine the scale of the psychological toll that eight years of crisis have taken on the Syrian people. In a country where mental health was still considered an emerging field before the war, Syrians are working to address and manage the mental health and psychological effects of war. Despite this disastrous situation, there appears to have been significant progress in the field of mental health during the crisis. This article explores the mental health situation in Syria prior to 2011, the effects of the crisis on Syrians, and how these have been managed in recent years. It concludes by citing some examples of progress that have been made in mental health care in Syria and discussing some of the challenges that remain to be addressed.

scholarly journals Translational approaches to understanding metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular consequences of obstructive sleep apnea

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (7) ◽  
pp. H1101-H1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano F. Drager ◽  
Vsevolod Y. Polotsky ◽  
Christopher P. O'Donnell ◽  
Sergio L. Cravo ◽  
Geraldo Lorenzi-Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Made In

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is known to be independently associated with several cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, myocardial infarction, and stroke. To determine how OSA can increase cardiovascular risk, animal models have been developed to explore the underlying mechanisms and the cellular and end-organ targets of the predominant pathophysiological disturbance in OSA–intermittent hypoxia. Despite several limitations in translating data from animal models to the clinical arena, significant progress has been made in our understanding of how OSA confers increased cardiovascular risk. It is clear now that the hypoxic stress associated with OSA can elicit a broad spectrum of pathological systemic events including sympathetic activation, systemic inflammation, impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, and endothelial dysfunction, among others. This review provides an update of the basic, clinical, and translational advances in our understanding of the metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular consequences of OSA and highlights the most recent findings and perspectives in the field.

scholarly journals Paving the way for transgenic schistosomes

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. BECKMANN ◽  
C. G. GREVELDING
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Reporter Genes ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Gene Insertion ◽  
Remarkable Progress ◽  
Made In ◽  
Silence Gene

SUMMARYIn parasitological research, significant progress has been made with respect to genomics and transcriptomics but transgenic systems for functional gene analyses are mainly restricted to the protozoan field. Gene insertion and knockout strategies can be applied to parasitic protozoa as well as gene silencing by RNA interference (RNAi). By contrast, research on parasitic helminthes still lags behind. Along with the major advances in genome and transcriptome analyses e.g. for schistosomes, methods for the functional characterization of genes of interest are still in their initial phase and have to be elaborated now, at the beginning of the post-genomic era. In this review we will summarize attempts made in the last decade regarding the establishment of protocols to transiently and stably transform or transfect schistosomes. Besides approaches using particle bombardment, electroporation or virus-based infection strateies to introduce DNA constructs into adult and larval schistosome stages to express reporter genes, first approaches have also been made in establishing protocols based on soaking, lipofection, and/or electroporation for RNA interference to silence gene activity. Although in these cases remarkable progress can be seen, the schistosome community eagerly awaits major breakthroughs especially with respect to stable transformation, but also for silencing or knock-down strategies for every schistosome gene of interest.

More spoken or more translated?

Target ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Shlesinger ◽  
Noam Ordan
Keyword(s):  
Significant Progress ◽  
Simultaneous Interpreting ◽  
Machine Readable ◽  
Made In

Since the early 1990s, with the advance of computerized corpora, translation scholars have been using corpus-based methodologies to look into the possible existence of overriding patterns (tentatively described as universals or as laws) in translated texts. The application of such methodologies to interpreted texts has been much slower in developing than in the case of translated ones, but significant progress has been made in recent years. After presenting the fundamental methodological hurdles—and advantages—of working on machine-readable (transcribed) oral corpora, we present and discuss several recent studies using cross-modal comparisons, and examine the viability of using interpreted outputs to explore the features that set simultaneous interpreting apart from other forms of translation. We then set out to test the hypothesis that modality may exert a stronger effect than ontology—i.e. that being oral (vs. written) is a more powerful influence than being translated (vs. original).

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