Tissue Engineering approaches towards the regeneration of Biomimetic Scaffolds for Age-Related Macular Degeneration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shambhavi Bagewadi ◽  
Sowmya Parameswaran ◽  
Krishnakumar Subramanian ◽  
Swaminathan Sethuraman ◽  
Anuradha Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Irreversible Loss ◽  
The Third ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Biomimetic Scaffolds

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the third major cause of blindness in people aged above 60 years. It causes dysfunction of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and leads to irreversible loss...

scholarly journals Retinal Pigment Epithelium Expressed Toll-like Receptors and Their Potential Role in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8387
Author(s):  
Alexa Klettner ◽  
Johann Roider
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Cell Degeneration ◽  
Age Related

(1) Background: Inflammation is a major pathomechanism in the development and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) may contribute to retinal inflammation via activation of its Toll-like receptors (TLR). TLR are pattern recognition receptors that detect the pathogen- or danger-associated molecular pattern. The involvement of TLR activation in AMD is so far not understood. (2) Methods: We performed a systematic literature research, consulting the National Library of Medicine (PubMed). (3) Results: We identified 106 studies, of which 54 were included in this review. Based on these studies, the current status of TLR in AMD, the effects of TLR in RPE activation and of the interaction of TLR activated RPE with monocytic cells are given, and the potential of TLR activation in RPE as part of the AMD development is discussed. (4) Conclusion: The activation of TLR2, -3, and -4 induces a profound pro-inflammatory response in the RPE that may contribute to (long-term) inflammation by induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reducing RPE function and causing RPE cell degeneration, thereby potentially constantly providing new TLR ligands, which could perpetuate and, in the long run, exacerbate the inflammatory response, which may contribute to AMD development. Furthermore, the combined activation of RPE and microglia may exacerbate neurotoxic effects.

A Free Retinal Pigment Epithelium–Choroid Graft in Patients With Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Results up to 7 Years

2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-127.e2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsbeth J.T. van Zeeburg ◽  
Kristel J.M. Maaijwee ◽  
Tom O.A.R. Missotten ◽  
Heinrich Heimann ◽  
Jan C. van Meurs
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related
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