Synergistically enhanced single-atomic site catalysts for clean energy conversion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fa Yang ◽  
Weilin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Atomic Level ◽  
Atomic Site ◽  
Structure Characteristics ◽  
Challenging Issue

The development of cost-effectiveness, high-performance catalysts at the atomic level has become a challenging issue for large-scale applications of renewable clean energy conversion. Featured with adjustable structure characteristics and maximum...

Space Charge Enhanced Ion Transport in Heterogeneous Polyelectrolyte/Alumina Nanochannel Membranes for High-Performance Osmotic Energy Conversion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Wei Chang ◽  
Chien-Wei Chu ◽  
Yen-Shao Su ◽  
Li-Hsien Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Ion Transport ◽  
Space Charge ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Selective Membrane

Capturing osmotic energy from a salinity gradient through an ion-selective membrane is regarded as one of the renewable clean energy resources to solve the increasing global energy demands. However, suffering...

Composition Engineering of Organic–Inorganic Perovskites Prepared in Air for Highly Efficient Energy Conversion

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 592-598
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Ruiquan Liao
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Carrier Transport ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Fabrication Process ◽  
Scale Production

The global energy crisis significantly raises the research on renewable energy materials and devices both in academic and industrial community. Besides the electrochemical energy such as batteries, the solar energy is another choice to develop renewable clean energy. During the last ten years, the perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been a hot research topic and developed fast. However, large-scale production of PSCs is still hindered by the high cost of their fabrication process, because the perovskite films are known to be sensitive to oxygen and water. Therefore, developing a composition engineering in air for PSCs with high solar energy conversion efficiency is urgently required in the field. Herein, it is found that the crystallization and morphology of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) perovskite films prepared in air are dependent on the processing methods. The perovskite grain size becomes larger when the concentration of CH3NH3I (MAI) solution was increased from 20 mg/mL to 70 mg/mL, which is beneficial for charge carrier transport and device performance. Thanks to the optimal perovskite fabrication process, the champion PSC has been fabricated in open air and it shows a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.9%. More importantly, the PSC fabricated with our method shows good stability. This work provides an effective composition engineering to fabricate PSCs in air with both high PCE and stability.

scholarly journals Large-scale, robust mushroom-shaped nanochannel array membrane for ultrahigh osmotic energy conversion

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (21) ◽  
pp. eabg2183
Author(s):  
Chao Li ◽  
Liping Wen ◽  
Xin Sui ◽  
Yiren Cheng ◽  
Longcheng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Selective Layer ◽  
Nanochannel Array

The osmotic energy, a large-scale clean energy source, can be converted to electricity directly by ion-selective membranes. None of the previously reported membranes meets all the crucial demands of ultrahigh power density, excellent mechanical stability, and upscaled fabrication. Here, we demonstrate a large-scale, robust mushroom-shaped (with stem and cap) nanochannel array membrane with an ultrathin selective layer and ultrahigh pore density, generating the power density up to 22.4 W·m−2 at a 500-fold salinity gradient, which is the highest value among those of upscaled membranes. The stem parts are a negative-charged one-dimensional (1D) nanochannel array with a density of ~1011 cm−2, deriving from a block copolymer self-assembly; while the cap parts, as the selective layer, are formed by chemically grafted single-molecule–layer hyperbranched polyethyleneimine equivalent to tens of 1D nanochannels per stem. The membrane design strategy provides a promising approach for large-scale osmotic energy conversion.

The Structure and Properties of MoSi2 Thin Film in Mos Process

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 326-327
Author(s):  
C.K. Wu ◽  
P. Chang ◽  
N. Godinho
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Metal Silicides ◽  
High Oxidation ◽  
Important Approach ◽  
High Oxidation Resistance

Recently, the use of refractory metal silicides as low resistivity, high temperature and high oxidation resistance gate materials in large scale integrated circuits (LSI) has become an important approach in advanced MOS process development (1). This research is a systematic study on the structure and properties of molybdenum silicide thin film and its applicability to high performance LSI fabrication.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE CHOICE OF MILKING INSTALLATIONS IN LOOSE HOUSING SYSTEMS OF COWS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.В. ГОРДЕЕВ ◽  
В.Е. ХАЗАНОВ
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Technical Level ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Working Shift ◽  
Technical And Economic Indicators

При выборе типа доильной установки и ее размера необходимо учитывать максимальное планируемое поголовье дойных коров и размер технологической группы, кратность и время одного доения, продолжительность рабочей смены дояров. Анализ технико-экономических показателей наиболее распространенных на сегодняшний день типов доильных установок одинакового технического уровня свидетельствует, что наилучшие удельные показатели имеет установка типа «Карусель» (1), а установка типа «Елочка» (2) требует более высоких затрат труда и средств. Установка «Параллель» (3) занимает промежуточное положение. Из анализа пропускной способности и количества необходимых операторов: установка 2 рекомендована для ферм с поголовьем дойного стада до 600 голов, 3 — не более 1200 дойных коров, 1 — более 1200 дойных коров. «Карусель» — наиболее рациональный, высокопроизводительный, легко автоматизируемый и, следовательно, перспективный способ доения в залах, особенно для крупных молочных ферм. The choice of the proper type and size of milking installations needs to take into account the maximum planned number of dairy cows, the size of a technological group, the number of milkings per day, and the duration of one milking and the operator's working shift. The analysis of technical and economic indicators of currently most common types of milking machines of the same technical level revealed that the Carousel installation had the best specific indicators while the Herringbone installation featured higher labour inputs and cash costs. The Parallel installation was found somewhere in between. In terms of the throughput and the required number of operators Herringbone is recommended for farms with up to 600 dairy cows, Parallel — below 1200 dairy cows, Carousel — above 1200 dairy cows. Carousel was found the most practical, high-performance, easily automated and, therefore, promising milking system for milking parlours, especially on the large-scale dairy farms.

scholarly journals Statistical and machine learning models for optimizing energy in parallel applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1079-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Endrei ◽  
Chao Jin ◽  
Minh Ngoc Dinh ◽  
David Abramson ◽  
Heidi Poxon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Parallel Applications ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Machine Learning Models

Rising power costs and constraints are driving a growing focus on the energy efficiency of high performance computing systems. The unique characteristics of a particular system and workload and their effect on performance and energy efficiency are typically difficult for application users to assess and to control. Settings for optimum performance and energy efficiency can also diverge, so we need to identify trade-off options that guide a suitable balance between energy use and performance. We present statistical and machine learning models that only require a small number of runs to make accurate Pareto-optimal trade-off predictions using parameters that users can control. We study model training and validation using several parallel kernels and more complex workloads, including Algebraic Multigrid (AMG), Large-scale Atomic Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator, and Livermore Unstructured Lagrangian Explicit Shock Hydrodynamics. We demonstrate that we can train the models using as few as 12 runs, with prediction error of less than 10%. Our AMG results identify trade-off options that provide up to 45% improvement in energy efficiency for around 10% performance loss. We reduce the sample measurement time required for AMG by 90%, from 13 h to 74 min.

scholarly journals Automated Cytogenetic Biodosimetry at Population-Scale

Radiation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
Peter K. Rogan ◽  
Eliseos J. Mucaki ◽  
Ben C. Shirley ◽  
Yanxin Li ◽  
Ruth C. Wilkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dicentric Chromosome ◽  
Automated Assignment ◽  
Simulated Population ◽  
Dose Estimation ◽  
Processing Times ◽  
Multiple Processors ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
Population Scale

The dicentric chromosome (DC) assay accurately quantifies exposure to radiation; however, manual and semi-automated assignment of DCs has limited its use for a potential large-scale radiation incident. The Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identifier and Dose Estimator (ADCI) software automates unattended DC detection and determines radiation exposures, fulfilling IAEA criteria for triage biodosimetry. This study evaluates the throughput of high-performance ADCI (ADCI-HT) to stratify exposures of populations in 15 simulated population scale radiation exposures. ADCI-HT streamlines dose estimation using a supercomputer by optimal hierarchical scheduling of DC detection for varying numbers of samples and metaphase cell images in parallel on multiple processors. We evaluated processing times and accuracy of estimated exposures across census-defined populations. Image processing of 1744 samples on 16,384 CPUs required 1 h 11 min 23 s and radiation dose estimation based on DC frequencies required 32 sec. Processing of 40,000 samples at 10 exposures from five laboratories required 25 h and met IAEA criteria (dose estimates were within 0.5 Gy; median = 0.07). Geostatistically interpolated radiation exposure contours of simulated nuclear incidents were defined by samples exposed to clinically relevant exposure levels (1 and 2 Gy). Analysis of all exposed individuals with ADCI-HT required 0.6–7.4 days, depending on the population density of the simulation.

scholarly journals Native Chilean Berries Preservation and In Vitro Studies of a Polyphenol Highly Antioxidant Extract from Maqui as a Potential Agent against Inflammatory Diseases

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 843
Author(s):  
Tamara Ortiz ◽  
Federico Argüelles-Arias ◽  
Belén Begines ◽  
Josefa-María García-Montes ◽  
Alejandra Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Aminosalicylic Acid ◽  
Colon Cells ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Maqui Berry ◽  
Physiological Benefits

The best conservation method for native Chilean berries has been investigated in combination with an implemented large-scale extract of maqui berry, rich in total polyphenols and anthocyanin to be tested in intestinal epithelial and immune cells. The methanolic extract was obtained from lyophilized and analyzed maqui berries using Folin–Ciocalteu to quantify the total polyphenol content, as well as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) to measure the antioxidant capacity. Determination of maqui’s anthocyanins profile was performed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC-MS/MS). Viability, cytotoxicity, and percent oxidation in epithelial colon cells (HT-29) and macrophages cells (RAW 264.7) were evaluated. In conclusion, preservation studies confirmed that the maqui properties and composition in fresh or frozen conditions are preserved and a more efficient and convenient extraction methodology was achieved. In vitro studies of epithelial cells have shown that this extract has a powerful antioxidant strength exhibiting a dose-dependent behavior. When lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-macrophages were activated, noncytotoxic effects were observed, and a relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation response was demonstrated. The maqui extract along with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) have a synergistic effect. All of the compiled data pointed out to the use of this extract as a potential nutraceutical agent with physiological benefits for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

MOF-derived PtCo/Co3O4 nanocomposites in carbonaceous matrices as high-performance ORR electrocatalysts synthesized via Laser Ablation techniques

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick Leonar Ribeiro ◽  
Elijah M Davis ◽  
Mahshid Mokhtarnejad ◽  
Sheng Hu ◽  
Dibyendu Mukherjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Ablation Techniques ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Cell Technology ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Rational Development

Rapidly expanding global energy demands due to fast-paced human-technology interfaces have propelled fuel cell technology as a sustainable energy-conversion alternative. Nonetheless, the rational development of such technology demands the engineering...

Synthesis of hierarchical MoSe2 nanolayers on sodium sulfide crystals for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution

CrystEngComm ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoshuang Chen ◽  
Meina Ju ◽  
Kun Song ◽  
Guoli Chen ◽  
Rui Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sodium Sulfide ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Clean Energy

Hydrogen generation via water electroreduction is a pivotal portion of exploiting clean-energy skills. Nevertheless, developing a low price and high-performance catalytic activity substance to take the place of expensively precious...

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