scholarly journals Radiation-grafted anion-exchange membranes for reverse electrodialysis: a comparison of N,N,N',N'-tetramethylhexene-1,6-diamine crosslinking (amination stage) and divinylbenzene crosslinking (grafting stage)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachida Bance-Souahli ◽  
Mehdi Choolaei ◽  
Sian Franklin ◽  
Terry Willson ◽  
Judy Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Reverse Electrodialysis ◽  
Electrochemical Applications ◽  
Salinity Gradient Power

Radiation-grafted anion-exchange membranes (RG-AEM) are being developed to evaluate a range of chemistries that have relevance to a variety of electrochemical applications including reverse electrodialysis (RED) salinity gradient power. RG-AEMs...

Biofouling phenomena on anion exchange membranes under the reverse electrodialysis process

2017 ◽  
Vol 530 ◽  
pp. 232-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahboobeh Vaselbehagh ◽  
Hamed Karkhanechi ◽  
Ryosuke Takagi ◽  
Hideto Matsuyama
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Reverse Electrodialysis

Comparative performance of Salinity Gradient Power-Reverse Electrodialysis under different operating conditions

Desalination ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 457 ◽  
pp. 8-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Ortiz-Imedio ◽  
Lucia Gomez-Coma ◽  
Marcos Fallanza ◽  
Alfredo Ortiz ◽  
Raquel Ibañez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Reverse Electrodialysis ◽  
Salinity Gradient Power

scholarly journals Surface Modifications of Anion Exchange Membranes for an Improved Reverse Electrodialysis Process Performance: A Review

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Kotoka ◽  
Ivan Merino-Garcia ◽  
Svetlozar Velizarov
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Surface Modifications ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Process Performance ◽  
Reverse Electrodialysis ◽  
Natural Streams

Reverse electrodialysis (RED) technology represents a promising electro-membrane process for renewable energy harvesting from aqueous streams with different salinity. However, the performance of the key components of the system, that is, the ion exchange membranes, is limited by both the presence of multivalent ions and fouling phenomena, thus leading to a reduced generated net power density. In this context, the behavior of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) in RED systems is more severely affected, due to the undesirable interactions between their positively charged fixed groups and, mostly negatively charged, foulant materials present in natural streams. Therefore, controlling both the monovalent anion permselectivity and the membrane surface hydrophilicity is crucial. In this respect, different surface modification procedures were considered in the literature, to enhance the above-mentioned properties. This review reports and discusses the currently available approaches for surface modifications of AEMs, such as graft polymerization, dip coating, and layer-by-layer, among others, mainly focusing on preparing monovalent permselective AEMs with antifouling characteristics, but also considering hydrophilicity aspects and identifying the most promising modifying agents to be utilized. Thus, the present study aimed at providing new insights for the further design and development of selective, durable, and cost-effective modified AEMs for an enhanced RED process performance, which is indispensable for a practical implementation of this electro-membrane technology at an industrial scale.

Reverse Electrodialyis Salinity Gradient Power Experiment

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Amaral ◽  
Neil Franklin ◽  
Michael Jurkowski ◽  
Mansour Zenouzi
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Membrane Area ◽  
Reverse Electrodialysis ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Available Energy

Today’s rate of fossil fuel consumption rapidly depletes fuel reserves and leads to a number of adverse environmental effects. Although the scope of these effects has yet to be fully realized, it is clear that the development of alternative energy sources is very important. A relatively new form of alternative energy known as reverse electrodialysis (RED) appears to be one of the promising energy sources of the future. This technology harvests the energy stored in the salinity gradient between two different liquids, and converts it directly into electric power. This power is generated by pumping water through an array of alternating pairs of cation and anion exchange membranes called cells. Various academic sources calculate the available energy to be 1.5 MJ for every cubic meter of sea and river water mixed, making all river basins a potential location for power production. Small prototype systems using 50 cells with areas of 100 cm2 were assembled by a group in the Netherlands, but larger stacks remain to be tested. An understanding of the feasibility of RED as a possible energy source relies on testing of cells with larger membrane area and different numbers of membrane pairs. An experimental system was designed with cells 61 cm × 16.5 cm, which will increase the output by nearly a factor of 10. Along with having much larger dimensions than previous systems, the design has an adjustable number of cells in the stack, allowing users obtain test results at a variety of settings. Comparing the output of systems with few cells to systems with many cells will help us to optimize the stack size in terms of hydrodynamic losses. Initial testing of the system resulted in a positive result. The tests showed that the system produced power, and the 1.98 volts measured was 83% of the predicted value. Leakage of the electrode rinse solution contaminated the membranes, and prevented more testing. Once the electrode rinse system is redesigned, more testing will be done.

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