Investigations of the Stability of GaAs for Photoelectrochemical H2 Evolution in Acidic or Alkaline Aqueous Electrolytes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weilai Yu ◽  
Matthias H Richter ◽  
Ethan D Simonoff ◽  
Bruce S Brunschwig ◽  
Nathan S. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution Reaction ◽  
Aqueous Electrolytes ◽  
H2 Evolution ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
The Stability

The long-term stability of p-GaAs photocathodes has been investigated for the hydrogen-evolution reaction (HER) in contact with either 1.0 M H2SO4(aq) or 1.0 M KOH(aq). Stability for the HER was...

Nanostructured SnS-N-doped graphene as an advanced electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (86) ◽  
pp. 15716-15719 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Shinde ◽  
Abdul Sami ◽  
Dong-Hyung Kim ◽  
Jung-Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution Reaction ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Doped Graphene ◽  
First Time

The scalable hydrothermal synthesis of the SnS/N-rGr hybrid is presented for the first time, which is used as a highly-active electrocatalyst with long-term stability in different media.

Ni nanoparticles oriented on MoO2@BC nanosheets with an outstanding long-term stability for hydrogen evolution reaction

2021 ◽  
pp. 116868
Author(s):  
Bashir Adegbemiga Yusuf ◽  
Meng Xie ◽  
Waleed Yaseen ◽  
Chidinma Judith Oluigbo ◽  
Jimin Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution Reaction ◽  
Ni Nanoparticles ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability

Self-assembled nanodendritic PdPtCu nanosheets/ Ti2CTx-CNTs electrocatalysts for low overpotential and long-term stable hydrogen evolution reaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Tan ◽  
Linghan Deng ◽  
Kai Qi ◽  
Chuanxiang Qin ◽  
Si Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution Reaction ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Low Overpotential ◽  
Self Assembled

Reducing the overpotential and achieving long-term stability of electrocatalysts are vital for facilitating the catalytic activity of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, two-dimensional dendritic PdPtCu nanosheets were prepared and further...

scholarly journals Wittichenite semiconductor of Cu3BiS3 films for efficient hydrogen evolution from solar driven photoelectrochemical water splitting

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dingwang Huang ◽  
Lintao Li ◽  
Kang Wang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Kuang Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Solar Hydrogen ◽  
Onset Potential ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Solar Water Splitting ◽  
Current Densities

AbstractA highly efficient, low-cost and environmentally friendly photocathode with long-term stability is the goal of practical solar hydrogen evolution applications. Here, we found that the Cu3BiS3 film-based photocathode meets the abovementioned requirements. The Cu3BiS3-based photocathode presents a remarkable onset potential over 0.9 VRHE with excellent photoelectrochemical current densities (~7 mA/cm2 under 0 VRHE) and appreciable 10-hour long-term stability in neutral water solutions. This high onset potential of the Cu3BiS3-based photocathode directly results in a good unbiased operating photocurrent of ~1.6 mA/cm2 assisted by the BiVO4 photoanode. A tandem device of Cu3BiS3-BiVO4 with an unbiased solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 2.04% is presented. This tandem device also presents high stability over 20 hours. Ultimately, a 5 × 5 cm2 large Cu3BiS3-BiVO4 tandem device module is fabricated for standalone overall solar water splitting with a long-term stability of 60 hours.

LONG-TERM STABILITY ANALYSIS OF ACOUSTIC ABSORBING BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2129-2154 ◽  
Author(s):  
HÉLÈNE BARUCQ ◽  
JULIEN DIAZ ◽  
VÉRONIQUE DUPRAT
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Absorbing Boundary Conditions ◽  
Computational Domain ◽  
Acoustic Wave Equation ◽  
Absorbing Boundary ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
The Stability

This work deals with the stability analysis of a one-parameter family of Absorbing Boundary Conditions (ABC) that have been derived for the acoustic wave equation. We tackle the problem of long-term stability of the wave field both at the continuous and the numerical levels. We first define a function of energy and show that it is decreasing in time. Its discrete form is also decreasing under a Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) condition that does not depend on the ABC. Moreover, the decay rate of the continuous energy can be determined: it is exponential if the computational domain is star-shaped and this property can be illustrated numerically.

Nanostructured molybdenum phosphide/N,P dual-doped carbon nanotube composite as electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 7370-7377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Shuo Wang ◽  
Chunyan Li ◽  
Xianbo Yu ◽  
Chunling Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Excellent Activity ◽  
Molybdenum Phosphide ◽  
Carbon Nanotube Composite ◽  
Acidic And Alkaline Media

MoP/N,P dual-doped carbon nanotube composite exhibited excellent activity and long-term stability toward HER both in acidic and alkaline media, superior to most of catalysts reported previously.

Fabrication of Boron Compensated Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Films with Significantly Improved Stability Using Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition Technique

1995 ◽  
Vol 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan K. Bhan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Vapor Deposition Technique ◽  
Improved Stability ◽  
Donor Acceptor ◽  
B Doping ◽  
The Stability

ABSTRACTWe have systematically investigated the effects of addition of sub-ppm levels of boron on the stability of a-Si:H films and p-i-n devices, deposited by PE-CVD technique. The films thus produced with appropriate amounts of boron, show a significant improvement in stability, when soaked under both AM 1.5 (short-term) as well as 10×sun (long-term) illumination conditions. The opto-electronic properties of the films are quite respectable It is concluded that boron compensates the native impurities by forming donor-acceptor pairs, which reduces the “fast” defects and hence the initial degradation of the films. It is also speculated that boron may also be improving the short-term stability, by reducing the recombination of light generated electrons and holes, by converting D° into D+ states. The long-term stability appears to get affected by hydrogen dilution which seems to reduce the amount of “slow” defects. As a result of B doping of i-layer, the initial conversion efficiency of the devices decreases. It is presumed that our devices may contain an enhanced level of boron impurity, than expected, making them as worse material and to degrade less.

scholarly journals Long-Term Stability Comparison between an Original and a Generic Version of Piperacillin/Tazobactam in Dextrose 5 % Infusion Polyolefin Bags at 5 ± 3 °C after Microwave Freeze-Thaw Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-151
Author(s):  
Sophie Huvelle ◽  
Marie Godet ◽  
Laurence Galanti ◽  
Mélanie Closset ◽  
Benoît Bihin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Generic Version ◽  
Generic Product ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Lower Confidence ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Aseptic Conditions

AbstractBackgroundPiperacillin-Tazobactam is frequently infused in hospitals. The use of a generic version was considered after the out of stock of the brand name Tazocin®. The stability of 4 g of Tazocin®in 120 mL of dextrose 5 % (D5) was demonstrated during 35 days at 5 °C ± 3 °C after freezing (−20 °C) and microwave thawing (FMT). The aim of the study was to investigate and compare the long-term stability of Tazocin®and a generic product in the same conditions.MethodsFive polyolefin bags of 4 g of Piperacillin/Tazobactam®Sandoz and 5 bags of 4 g of Tazocin®were prepared under aseptic conditions in 120 mL of D5 and stored 3 months at 20 °C then thawed and stored 58 days at 5 ± 3 °C.Spectrophotometric absorbance at different wavelengths, pH measurement, visual and microscopic observations were also performed.The concentrations were measured by HPLC, at 211 nm for tazobactam and 230 nm for piperacilline.ResultsNo significant change in pH values or optic densities, no crystals were detected. The lower confidence limit at 95 % of the concentration for the solutions remains superior to 90 % of the initial concentration until 58 days of storage at 5 ± 3 °C.ConclusionUnder these conditions, 4 g/120 mL of Piperacillin/Tazobactam®Sandoz or Tazocin®in D5 infusion in polyolefin bags remains stable at least for 58 days at 5 ± 3 °C after FMT

scholarly journals Long-Term Stability of Lorazepam in Sodium Chloride 0.9% Stored at Different Temperatures in Different Containers

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-192
Author(s):  
M. L. Colsoul ◽  
A. Breuer ◽  
N. Goderniaux ◽  
J. D. Hecq ◽  
L. Soumoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Management ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Glass Bottles ◽  
The Stability

Background and Objective: Infusion containing lorazepam is used by geriatric department to limit anxiety disorders in the elderly. Currently, these infusions are prepared according to demand by the nursing staff, but the preparation in advance in a centralized service could improve quality of preparation and time management. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term stability of this infusion in polypropylene syringes stored at 5 ± 3°C. Then, results obtained were compared with stability data of lorazepam in syringes stored at room temperature, glass bottles at 5 ± 3°C, and glass bottles at room temperature. Method: Eight syringes and 6 bottles of infusion were prepared by diluting 1 mL lorazepam 4 mg in 23 mL of NaCl 0.9% under aseptic conditions. Five syringes and 3 bottles were stored at 5 ± 3°C and 3 syringes and 3 bottles were stored at room temperature for 30 days. During the storage period, particle appearance or color change were periodically checked by visual and microscope inspection. Turbidity was assessed by measurements of optical density (OD) at 3 wavelengths (350 nm, 410 nm, 550 nm). The stability of pH was also evaluated. The lorazepam concentrations were measured at each time point by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector at 220 nm. Results: Solutions were physically unstable in syringes at 5 ± 3°C after 4 days: crystals and a drop of OD at 350 nm were observed. However, pH was stable. After 2 days, solutions were considered as chemically unstable because a loss of lorazepam concentration higher than 10% was noticed: the lower 1-sided confidence limit at 95% was below 90% of the initial concentration. To assess temperature and polypropylene influence, results were compared with those obtained for syringes at room temperature and bottles at 5 ± 3°C and room temperature. Precipitation, drop of OD at 350 nm, and chemical instability were observed in all conditions. Conclusion: Solutions of lorazepam were unstable after 2 days in syringes at 5 ± 3°C. Preparation in advance appears, therefore, not possible for the clinical use. Storage conditions (temperature and form) do not improve the stability.

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