scholarly journals Hybrid water vapor sorbent design with pollution shielding property: extract clean water from polluted bulk water sources

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renyuan Li ◽  
Mengchun Wu ◽  
Yusuf Shi ◽  
Sara Aleid ◽  
Wenbin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Local Water

The shortage and contamination of local water resources have long been a challenge especially for the off-grid communities without centralized water supply. The emerging solar photothermal distillation lacks the capability...

A retrospective assessment of water reclamation projects

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Mills ◽  
Takashi Asano
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Project Performance ◽  
Financial Assistance ◽  
Water Reclamation ◽  
Control Board ◽  
Retrospective Assessment ◽  
State Water ◽  
Local Water

Stimulated by droughts and inability to construct new freshwater projects, water suppliers in California, U.S.A. have taken a heightened interest in water reclamation in the last decade. Since 1980 the California State Water Resources Control Board has approved financial assistance to local water supply agencies to design and construct water reclamation facilities. Nineteen of these are now operating. There is an opportunity to assess how well projects are performing in relation to their planned objectives, in particular, deliveries of reclaimed water to users. Based on reports on many of these projects, it is found that two-thirds of the projects are delivering 75 percent or less of the expected amounts of water. Data are provided on project performance. A discussion is provided of the problems encountered on many of the projects that account for these deficiencies in yields and have caused other problems in implementation.

scholarly journals Well Water Site Selection at Local Scale Using Geographical Information System for Flood Victim in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Koh Liew See ◽  
Nayan Nasir ◽  
Saleh Yazid ◽  
Hashim Mohmadisa ◽  
Mahat Hanifah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Area Data

Clean water supply is a major problem among flood victims during flood events. This article aims to determine the sites of well water sources that can be utilised during floods in the District of Kuala Krai, Kelantan. Field methods and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were applied in the process of selecting flood victim evacuation centres and wells. The data used were spatial data obtained primarily, namely the well data, evacuation centre data and flood area data. The well and evacuation centre data were obtained by field methods conducted to determine the position of wells using global positioning system tools, and the same for the location of the evacuation centres. Information related to evacuation centres was obtained secondarily from multiple agencies and gathered into GIS as an evacuation centre attribute. The flood area data was also obtained via secondary data and was digitised using the ArcGIS software. The data processing was divided into two stages, namely the first stage of determining the flood victim evacuation centres to be used in this research in a structural manner based on two main criteria which were the extent to which an evacuation centre was affected by the flood and the highest capacity of victims for each district with the greatest impact to the flood affected population. The second stage was to determine the location of wells based on three criteria, namely i) not affected by flood, ii) the closest distance to the selected flood victim evacuation centre and iii) located at different locations. Among the main GIS analyses used were locational analysis, overlay analysis, and proximity analysis. The results showed that four (4) flood evacuation centres had been chosen and matched the criteria set, namely SMK Sultan Yahya Petra 2, SMK Manek Urai Lama, SMK Laloh and SK Kuala Gris. While six (6) wells had been selected as water sources that could be consumed by the flood victims at 4 evacuation centres in helping to provide clean water supply, namely Kg. Keroh 16 (T1), Kg. Batu Mengkebang 10 (T2), Lepan Meranti (T3), Kg. Budi (T4), Kg. Jelawang Tengah 2 (T5) and Kg. Durian Hijau 1 (T6). With the presence of the well water sources that can be used during flood events, clean water supply can be distributed to flood victims at the evacuation centres. Indirectly, this research can reduce the impact of floods in the future, especially in terms of clean water supply even during the hit of a major flood.

scholarly journals Analysis Of Raw Water Supply In Pucang Gading Housing Complex, District Of Demak To Preparation Of Water Resources And Water Resources Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 03012
Author(s):  
Solikhul Abdi ◽  
Sudarno
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Service Area ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Housing Complex

Pucang Gading Housing Complex is an area within the Village Batursari, District of Demak with a population of 2018 as many as 44,257 inhabitants. Raw water service system Mranggen Unit is divided into 5 areas of service (service area Mranggen, Batursari I, Batursari II, Batursari III and Kebon) which utilize raw water source of water treatment plant (IPA Waru) and 8 Wells In a total discharge of 120 liter/second. The number of home connections in Pucang Gading area is currently 3,374 house connections, with a total water usage 14.25 liter/second Water discharges from clean water sources in Pucang Gading region are currently not maximally available to supply water to Pucang Gading service area. In this research will know the problems and readiness that exist by looking from the achievement of Medium Term Development Plan of Demak Regency Year 2016-2021. This research uses SWOT analysis method that is internal and external factors. The selection of raw water sources for drinking water should pay attention to aspects of quality, quantity and continuity. Demak Regency has the potential of surface water either river/ reservoir/dam. The problems and challenges of drinking water supply include issues of safe access to water supply, and regulation of groundwater utilization for the community.

scholarly journals UPAYA PEMENUHAN KEBUTUHAN AIR BERSIH RUMAH TANGGA PADA DAERAH TERCEMAR PB DESA DUKUHSARI KECAMATAN JABON KABUPATEN SIDOARJO

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Febri Meliawati ◽  
Iva Rustanti ◽  
Rachmaniyah .
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Tank Water

Fulfillment of clean water should be related to consumption for human health. Thisresearch purposed to describes the fulfillment of household clean water which PB pollutedarea in Dukuhsari village Jabon district Sidoarjo Regency with 94 number.The sources of clean water in all household in Dukuhsari from ground water. Which theinfrastructure of supply 88,3% digging well. The drinks water sources is 79,8% tank water,with 55,3% manually transportation system. The storing facility is 58,5% permanent buildingwith cleaning Intensity once a week. All clean water supply used for shower, cloth washing,plant watering.Conclusion of this research are no household have water safe accessibility and no protecteddrinking water resources.Keywords: Fulfillment of clean water

Optimum use of gravity springs in water supply systems

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-318
Author(s):  
K. Tothova ◽  
I. Mrnco
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Variable Yield ◽  
Service Areas ◽  
Potable Water Supply ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Supply Systems

The potable water supply concept reflects relationships between distribution of available water resources that determine hydrogeological attributes of the region, and distribution of water service areas. The distribution of the water resources is often uneven, which is one of reasons of development of extensive long distance water supply systems. The long distance water supply systems connect deficit areas with surplus water resources areas. For example, the yield of large capacity wells in Danube region near Bratislava is several times higher than the real demand in this region. In this case, water from the wells is transferred by multiple pumping over a long distance (tens or hundreds of kilometres) to the areas with shortage of sources. The Little Carpathians foothills, where local water sources (springs) do not give a sufficient yield all year long. Most of these springs offer high-quality water, but fluctuating yields of the sources and do not guarantee continuous water supply. The sources are important for its quality and yield as well as for their elevation. The elevation potential allows gravity water supply without a need for pumping. However, the water supply systems do not even use average yields of the springs. The balance capacity of the springs is technically designed for minimum yields. Therefore, several reasonable questions arise: Is it efficient to pump and transport water over a long distance even in the time of maximum yields of the gravity springs? How can we determine efficiency rate of use of such yield in its extreme status? The answers can be found in the analysis of the necessary technical measures and investments, and calculation of operating costs of a system dependent on variable yield of gravity springs.

scholarly journals A joint-probabilistic programming method for water resources optimal allocation under uncertainty: a case study in the Beiyun River, China

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-409
Author(s):  
Xueping Gao ◽  
Yinzhu Liu ◽  
Bowen Sun
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Allocation ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Joint Probability ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Copula Functions ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Allocation Plans

Abstract In recent years, the lower reaches of the Beiyun River have suffered from growing water resource shortages due to the reduction of upstream water resource and drying up of the stream channel. More reasonable and scientifically based water allocation plans should be developed and implemented; however, uncertainties exist regarding the determination of water supply availability and spillage of extra water. To assess and manage regional water shortage, the combined effects of multiple water supply sources as well as the joint probability of typical events should be considered. The joint probability of water supply, considering upstream and local water supplies, was estimated through the copula functions. A multi-objective optimization model was then developed and solved by improved genetic algorithms to plan water resources allocation within a multi-source environment containing multiple competitive users. The framework is demonstrated, and represents a range of different water supply scenarios in terms of different probabilities of occurrence and constraint violations. The results showed that water allocation was greatly influenced by uncertainties, especially in upstream-local water supply. In addition, violating water-allocation constraint posed an extra uncertainty. This study facilitates the proposition of adaption allocation plans for uncertain environments, aiming to balance the shortage, economy, and reliability.

scholarly journals Remediation of Arsenic in Water Using Unique Ashed Biomass Material

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth L. Dorris ◽  
Shyam S. Shukla ◽  
Mohammad Musaddaq
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Neem Leaves

The contamination of the world’s water supply due to various contaminants has caused the clean water supply to shrink around the globe. The problem is not only an issue with developing nations; in fact, many developed countries are facing the same turmoil. With the globalization, industrialization and weak enforcement of environmental regulations, waste water is discharged into clean water resources whereby contaminating the water. Out of the long list of contaminants many heavy metals find their way into the clean drinking water supply. The heavy metals arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) as well as many others are also discharged into water resources. There are numerous methods for removal of these heavy metals from water including filtration, chemical precipitation, ion exchange, adsorption, electro deposition as well as others but most are expensive and or not completely satisfactory. Arsenic and its compounds are often used as pesticides, herbicides, insecticides and various alloys and often find their way into the drinking water supply through various industrial sources. A cost-effective remediation of arsenic in water using readily available material is urgently needed. An ashed waste material consisting primarily of Azadirachta indica (Neem leaves) and Mangifera indica (Mango leaves) has been found effective in removing both arsenic (III) and (V) from water. The utilization of this ashed material achieves the concept of using waste material from one source, used by another and therefore benefiting both. The adsorbent is very effective at pH =7 and ion exchange appears to be the major adsorption mechanisms for binding the metal ions to the plant ash material. The material shows sufficient operation capacity to indicate the possibility of its use in remote rural areas as well as in an urban water treatment facility.

Application of stable isotope ratios in drinking water supply system of Ljubljana, Slovenia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polona Vreča ◽  
Klara Nagode ◽  
Tjaša Kanduč ◽  
Branka Bračič Železnik ◽  
Brigita Jamnik
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water System ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Stable Isotope Ratios ◽  
Isotopic Studies ◽  
Drinking Water Supply System

<p>The key to understand the deterioration of the quality of urban water resources is to know the impact of urbanization on the entire waterway, which can change dramatically during the extreme climatic events. Various geochemical parameters, including stable isotope ratios of light elements (H, O, C), represent an important tool to investigate water sources, transport routes, and the mixing of individual components of the water cycle. They are indispensable in urban hydrology, both for characterizing drinking water resources and for evaluating changes within a complex water system.</p><p>In Slovenia, the majority of the population is supplied with drinking water from groundwater. In Ljubljana, the capital city of Slovenia, groundwater represents the main drinking water resource.  Therefore, the knowledge and understanding of the groundwater vulnerability is important for the protection and management of water resources. In Ljubljana, the water is supplied through the central water system (WSS), more than 1.000 km long, according to the legislation and the latest standards from five different wellfields (Kleče, Hrastje, Brest, Jarški prod and Šentvid). Despite the established water protection areas, the water supply areas are exposed to the pressures of urbanization, industry, transport, agriculture and old environmental burdens, which are often unknown.</p><p>In the past, various short-term isotopic studies have been conducted and the Ljubljansko polje and Ljubljansko barje aquifers were characterized. In addition, the sources, paths and interactions of water were determined and the obtained data were used to improve the conceptual model.</p><p>However, isotopic studies of water circulation in the drinking water supply system (WSS), which would cover the simultaneous characterization of water sources and changes within the WSS, have not been performed so far. In order to assess the usefulness of isotopes more systematically, we performed the first more detail sampling of water from WSS of Ljubljana in autumn 2018. Sampling was carried out at 103 locations that were selected according to the type of facility in the WSS (i.e. 41 wells, 7 joint exits from water pumping station, 22 water reservoirs, 2  water treatment locations, 13 fountains, and 19 taps) and according to 9 different WSS areas. Additional samples were collected on River Sava, important infiltration source of groundwater, and at outflow from Ljubljana central wastewater treatment plant. This contribution focuses on presentation of changes of different parameters (i.e. temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, total alkalinity, δ<sup>18</sup>O, δ<sup>2</sup>H and δ<sup>13</sup>C) in WSS of Ljubljana.</p>

scholarly journals WATER QUALITY ISSUES IN WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AT KENYIR LAKE, MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin ◽  
Noorjima Abd Wahab ◽  
Nurhanis Afiqah Abd Jalil ◽  
Sunardi Sunardi ◽  
M. Hafiz Md. Saad
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Quality Issues

Water resources management in Malaysia is the most important aspect that needs to be addressed. When water resources management can be managed in a systematic and effectively it can produce a good quality and clean water without any pollution. The objective of this study is to review water quality issues in the Kenyir Lake Basin and to identify the relationship between river discharges (Q) and the water quality status in Kenyir Lake Basin. Six water quality parameters were analyzed based on in-situ and ex-situ analysis and laboratory analyses were carried out according to the correlation matrix and linear regression methods. According to the NWQS, the water quality in Kenyir Lake Basin varied temporally and spatially and the most affected parameters were pH, DO, BOD, COD, TSS and AN. Furthermore, the water quality class in the Kenyir Lake Basin was classified under class II caused by the active land use activities especially tourism sector but it is still suitable for recreational activities and safe for body contact because the it’s WQI is not less than 65% which early stage of Class II. From this study, there are proposed several mitigation measures in management of water resources such as guarantee clean water supply and continuous, implementation a few of environmental acts, treating the water sources, develop alternative water sources and improve distribution systems and water management. 

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