scholarly journals Effect of Cholesterol on Membrane Partitioning Dynamics of Hepatitis A Virus-2B peptide

Soft Matter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samapan Sikdar ◽  
Manidipa Banerjee ◽  
Satyavani Vemparala
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Membrane Composition ◽  
Viral Peptide ◽  
Membrane Partitioning ◽  
Peptide Detection ◽  
Host Membrane

Understanding the viral peptide detection, partitioning and subsequent host membrane composition-based response is required for gaining insights into viral mechanism. Here, we probe the crucial role of presence of membrane...

scholarly journals Effect of Cholesterol on Membrane Partitioning Dynamics of Hepatitis A Virus-2B peptide

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samapan Sikdar ◽  
Manidipa Banerjee ◽  
Satyavani Vemparala
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Membrane Composition ◽  
Host Cell Membrane ◽  
Detection Mechanism ◽  
Lipid Packing ◽  
Viral Peptide ◽  
Host Membrane ◽  
Packing Defects

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the viral peptide detection, partitioning and subsequent host membrane composition-based response is required for gaining insights into viral mechanism. Here, we probe the crucial role of presence of membrane lipid packing defects, depending on the membrane composition, in allowing the viral peptide belonging to C-terminal Hepatitis A Virus-2B (HAV-2B) to detect, attach and subsequently partition into the host cell membrane mimics. We conclusively show that the hydrophobic residues in the viral peptide detect the transiently present lipid packing defects, insert themselves into such defects, form anchor points and facilitate the partitioning of the peptide. We also show that the presence of cholesterol significantly alters such lipid packing defects, both in size and in number, thus mitigating the partitioning of the membrane active viral peptide into cholesterol-rich membranes. These results show differential ways in which presence and absence of cholesterol can alter the permeability of the host membranes to the membrane active viral peptide component of HAV-2B virus, via lipid packing defects, and can possibly be a part of general membrane detection mechanism for the viroporin class of viruses.

scholarly journals Duck Hepatitis A Virus Type 1 Induces eIF2α Phosphorylation-Dependent Cellular Translation Shutoff via PERK/GCN2

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanzhi Liu ◽  
Anchun Cheng ◽  
Mingshu Wang ◽  
Sai Mao ◽  
Xumin Ou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Type ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Translation Efficiency ◽  
Eif2α Phosphorylation ◽  
Duck Hepatitis ◽  
Cellular Translation ◽  
First Time

Duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) is one of the most deadly pathogens that endanger the duck industry. Most viruses usually turn off host translation after infection to facilitate viral replication and translation. For the first time report to our knowledge, DHAV-1 can induce eIF2α phosphorylation and inhibit cellular translation in duck embryo fibroblasts (DEFs). Moreover, the activity of DHAV-1 in the cells caused obvious eIF2α phosphorylation, which has nothing to do with the viral protein. Subsequently, we screened two kinases (PERK and GCN2) that affect eIF2α phosphorylation through inhibitors and shRNA. Notably, the role of GCN2 in other picornaviruses has not been reported. In addition, when the phosphorylation of eIF2α induced by DHAV-1 is inhibited, the translation efficiency of DEFs restores to a normal level, indicating that DHAV-1 induced cellular translation shutoff is dependent on eIF2α phosphorylation.

Negative Serology for Hepatitis A and B Viruses in 18 Cases of Neonatal Cholestasis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-271
Author(s):  
William F. Balistreri ◽  
Edward Tabor ◽  
Robert J. Gerety
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
Neonatal Cholestasis ◽  
Immune Adherence ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Serologic Evidence

Serologic evidence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) or hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was sought in 14 patients with biliary atresia and in four patients with neonatal hepatitis; maternal serum was also analyzed. Specific sensitive radioimmunoassays were used to detect HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody (anti-HBs); complement fixation was used to detect antibody to HBV core antigen (anti-HBc). Antibody to HAV (anti-HAV) was assayed by radioimmunoassay, as well as by immune adherence hemagglutination. There was no evidence of active or past HBV infection in any infant or mother studied. All three infants with detectable anti-HAV were born to mothers similarly anti-HAV positive; serial testing of sera from two of these infants documented disappearance of detectable anti-HAV by 9 months of age. It is unlikely, therefore, that either HAV or HBV had an etiologic role in neonatal cholestasis in these patients. The role of other (non-A, non-B) hepatitis viruses or nonviral etiologies must be investigated.

scholarly journals The Critical Role of Codon Composition on the Translation Efficiency Robustness of the Hepatitis A Virus Capsid

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2439-2456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía D’Andrea ◽  
Francisco-Javier Pérez-Rodríguez ◽  
Montserrat de Castellarnau ◽  
Susana Guix ◽  
Enric Ribes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Codon Usage ◽  
Sequence Space ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Translation Efficiency ◽  
Rare Codons ◽  
Codon Composition ◽  
Cellular Genome

AbstractHepatoviruses show an intriguing deviated codon usage, suggesting an evolutionary signature. Abundant and rare codons in the cellular genome are scarce in the human hepatitis A virus (HAV) genome, while intermediately abundant host codons are abundant in the virus. Genotype–phenotype maps, or fitness landscapes, are a means of representing a genotype position in sequence space and uncovering how genotype relates to phenotype and fitness. Using genotype–phenotype maps of the translation efficiency, we have shown the critical role of the HAV capsid codon composition in regulating translation and determining its robustness. Adaptation to an environmental perturbation such as the artificial induction of cellular shutoff—not naturally occurring in HAV infection—involved movements in the sequence space and dramatic changes of the translation efficiency. Capsid rare codons, including abundant and rare codons of the cellular genome, slowed down the translation efficiency in conditions of no cellular shutoff. In contrast, rare capsid codons that are abundant in the cellular genome were efficiently translated in conditions of shutoff. Capsid regions very rich in slowly translated codons adapt to shutoff through sequence space movements from positions with highly robust translation to others with diminished translation robustness. These movements paralleled decreases of the capsid physical and biological robustness, and resulted in the diversification of capsid phenotypes. The deviated codon usage of extant hepatoviruses compared with that of their hosts may suggest the occurrence of a virus ancestor with an optimized codon usage with respect to an unknown ancient host.

scholarly journals RECENT CHANGES OF HEPATITIS A EPIDEMIOLOGY IN RUSSIA AND EUROPE AS THE RATIONALES FOR PREVENTION STRATEGIES

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
V. P. Chulanov ◽  
N. N. Pimenov ◽  
I. V. Karandashova ◽  
S. V. Komarova
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Molecular Genetic Diversity

The article describes results of the analysis of incidence rate of hepatitis A in Russia and 29 European countries over the period 2001 to 2008. The characteristic of hepatitis A outbreaks as well as molecular genetic diversity of hepatitis A virus in Russia and Europe has been compared. The authors analyze the state of herd immunity to hepatitis A virus in population of the territories of countries mentioned above. The results of seroprevalence study of hepatitis A virus among different age groups in Moscow are presented. The critical role of hepatitis A vaccination in the system of prevention and disease control measures is emphasized.

scholarly journals Viral Superinfection in Previously Unrecognized Chronic Carriers of Hepatitis B Virus with Superimposed Acute Fulminant versus Nonfulminant Hepatitis

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Ming Chu ◽  
Chau-Ting Yeh ◽  
Yun-Fan Liaw
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hdv Infection

The role of viral superinfection in hepatitis B surface antigen carriers with superimposed fulminant (n = 60) versus nonfulminant (n = 90) acute hepatitis was studied. The frequency of hepatitis A virus (HAV) (0 versus 2.2%), HCV (18.3 versus 21.1%), HDV (15.0 versus 7.8%), and HEV (1.7 versus 4.4%) infection showed no significant difference, while simultaneous HCV and HDV infection was significantly more prevalent in the former (8.3 versus 0%). Only 3.6% of fulminant cases and 3.3% of nonfulminant controls were HGV RNA positive.

scholarly journals The Possible Role of Hepatitis A Virus in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (6) ◽  
pp. 1583-1587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhui Zhu ◽  
Arshed A. Quyyumi ◽  
James E. Norman ◽  
Rene Costello ◽  
Gyorgy Csako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus

The role of injection versus socioeconomic factors in hepatitis A virus infection among young heroin users: Implications for vaccination policies

Vaccine ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (20) ◽  
pp. 2674-2679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Luquero ◽  
Fernando Vallejo ◽  
Luis de La Fuente ◽  
Carlos Toro ◽  
María Teresa Brugal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Heroin Users
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